Motifs slaves dans les lettres autrichiennes du XIXe siècle: tentative de compréhension et de synthèse dans le cas de Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach

Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach (1830-1916) was born and grew up in Moravia. Despite the fact that her very first language was Czech, all her literary work was written in German ; despite of her Czech origins from her fatherside, all the references to be found in her work concerning the social and national development of the Czech society of that time express, if not animosity, at least a total lack of understanding. Everthing happens as if the author just wanted to confirm and uphold the official views of the Austrian Monarchy. In this article, I’d like to show, mainly on the example of the novel Božena (1876), that a more careful reading which would take into account not only the textual statements of the writer, but as well the composition of the plot and the various behaviors of the Czech and German protagonists, could allow to bring nuances to Ebner-Eschenbach’s position towards the Czech – namely to see that she was perfectly aware and respectful of the cultural diversity and complexity of the Czech lands and that she felt a deep compassion for the claims of the minorities asking for the transformation of the Habsburg Empire into a Federation of free nations.

The adherence to initial processes of care in elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND We aimed to assess whether elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) receive recommended initial processes of care and to identify predictors of process adherence. METHODS We prospectively studied in- and outpatients aged ≥65 years with acute symptomatic VTE in a multicenter cohort study from nine Swiss university- and non-university hospitals between September 2009 and March 2011. We systematically assessed whether initial processes of care, which are recommended by the 2008 American College of Chest Physicians guidelines, were performed in each patient. We used multivariable logistic models to identify patient factors independently associated with process adherence. RESULTS Our cohort comprised 950 patients (mean age 76 years). Of these, 86% (645/750) received parenteral anticoagulation for ≥5 days, 54% (405/750) had oral anticoagulation started on the first treatment day, and 37% (274/750) had an international normalized ratio (INR) ≥2 for ≥24 hours before parenteral anticoagulation was discontinued. Overall, 35% (53/153) of patients with cancer received low-molecular-weight heparin monotherapy and 72% (304/423) of patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis were prescribed compression stockings. In multivariate analyses, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, hospital-acquired VTE, and concomitant antiplatelet therapy were associated with a significantly lower anticoagulation-related process adherence. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to several recommended processes of care was suboptimal in elderly patients with VTE. Quality of care interventions should particularly focus on processes with low adherence, such as the prescription of continued low-molecular-weight heparin therapy in patients with cancer and the achievement of an INR ≥2 for ≥24 hours before parenteral anticoagulants are stopped.

Geschichte der Juden von der dauernden Ansiedelung der Marranen in Holland (1618) bis zum Beginn der Mendelssohnischen Zeit (1760)

von H. Graetz

Polypharmacy is Associated with an Increased Risk of Bleeding in Elderly Patients with Venous Thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND Polypharmacy, defined as the concomitant use of multiple medications, is very common in the elderly and may trigger drug-drug interactions and increase the risk of falls in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists. OBJECTIVE To examine whether polypharmacy increases the risk of bleeding in elderly patients who receive vitamin K antagonists for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). DESIGN We used a prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS In a multicenter Swiss cohort, we studied 830 patients aged ≥ 65 years with VTE. MAIN MEASURES We defined polypharmacy as the prescription of more than four different drugs. We assessed the association between polypharmacy and the time to a first major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding, accounting for the competing risk of death. We adjusted for known bleeding risk factors (age, gender, pulmonary embolism, active cancer, arterial hypertension, cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver and renal disease, diabetes mellitus, history of major bleeding, recent surgery, anemia, thrombocytopenia) and periods of vitamin K antagonist treatment as a time-varying covariate. KEY RESULTS Overall, 413 (49.8 %) patients had polypharmacy. The mean follow-up duration was 17.8 months. Patients with polypharmacy had a significantly higher incidence of major (9.0 vs. 4.1 events/100 patient-years; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.18, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.32-3.68) and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (14.8 vs. 8.0 events/100 patient-years; IRR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.27-2.71) than patients without polypharmacy. After adjustment, polypharmacy was significantly associated with major (sub-hazard ratio [SHR] 1.83, 95 % CI 1.03-3.25) and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (SHR 1.60, 95 % CI 1.06-2.42). CONCLUSIONS Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of both major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding in elderly patients receiving vitamin K antagonists for VTE.

L' Empereur Nicolas II. et les Juifs : essais sur la révolution russe dans ses rapports avec l'activité universelle du Judaisme contemporain

par A. Netchvolodow. Trad. du Russe par I. M. Narischkina

Experimental infection of the pig with Mycobacterium ulcerans: a novel model for studying the pathogenesis of Buruli ulcer disease.

BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer (BU) is a slowly progressing, necrotising disease of the skin caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. Non-ulcerative manifestations are nodules, plaques and oedema, which may progress to ulceration of large parts of the skin. Histopathologically, BU is characterized by coagulative necrosis, fat cell ghosts, epidermal hyperplasia, clusters of extracellular acid fast bacilli (AFB) in the subcutaneous tissue and lack of major inflammatory infiltration. The mode of transmission of BU is not clear and there is only limited information on the early pathogenesis of the disease available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS For evaluating the potential of the pig as experimental infection model for BU, we infected pigs subcutaneously with different doses of M. ulcerans. The infected skin sites were excised 2.5 or 6.5 weeks after infection and processed for histopathological analysis. With doses of 2 × 10(7) and 2 × 10(6) colony forming units (CFU) we observed the development of nodular lesions that subsequently progressed to ulcerative or plaque-like lesions. At lower inoculation doses signs of infection found after 2.5 weeks had spontaneously resolved at 6.5 weeks. The observed macroscopic and histopathological changes closely resembled those found in M. ulcerans disease in humans. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that the pig can be infected with M. ulcerans. Productive infection leads to the development of lesions that closely resemble human BU lesions. The pig infection model therefore has great potential for studying the early pathogenesis of BU and for the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.

Poetik des Unbehagens. Unlust als 'point de départ' in Romanen Marie NDiayes

Die Romane der französischen Autorin Marie NDiaye (geb. 1967) sind durchzogen von Zuständen des Unwohlseins: NDiayes Protagonistinnen werden auf diffuse Weise sozial ausgegrenzt oder massiv bedrängt, verlieren die Kontrolle über ihren Körper oder geraten in schwindelerregende Zweifel über den Realitätsgehalt ihrer Sinneswahrnehmungen und Erinnerungen. Anhand der Romane "En famille" (1990), "Autoportrait en vert" (2005) und "Mon cœur à l’étroit" (2007) zeigt der Aufsatz, dass diese Momente des Unbehagens nicht nur die Suchbewegungen und Erkenntnisprozesse der Romanfiguren auslösen, sondern auch die kreative Spannung bilden, die den Vorgang der literarischen inventio in Gang setzt. Theoretische Modelle einer Psychologie, in der Unlust als Antrieb fungiert, finden sich bei Leibniz, Locke und Freud; Elemente einer Narratologie der Unlust, mit der sich die quête-Struktur von NDiayes Romanen beschreiben lässt, bietet die strukturalistische Märchentheorie Wladimir Propps und seiner Nachfolger.

Lactate dehydrogenase concentration in nasal wash fluid indicates severity of rhinovirus-induced wheezy bronchitis in preschool children.

The clinical course of rhinovirus (RV)-associated wheezing illnesses is difficult to predict. We measured lactate dehydrogenase concentrations, RV load, antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines in nasal washes obtained from 126 preschool children with RV wheezy bronchitis. lactate dehydrogenase values were inversely associated with subsequent need for oxygen therapy. lactate dehydrogenase may be a useful biomarker predicting disease severity in RV wheezy bronchitis.

[Ärztliches Tagebuch: 1760 - 1762]

Handschrift

Identification et analyse des éléments caractérisant la participation de la population locale et les paramètres à considérer pour l'élaboration d'un plan d'aménagement et de gestion de terroir: Cas du Fokontany Ambohibary Sokafana - Corridor Anjozorobe Angavo

La gestion durable des ressources naturelles est actuellement perçue comme une condition essentielle pour le développement durable, et surtout pour les pays en développement comme Madagascar. Face à la dégradation continue des ressources naturelles et surtout forestières, diverses stratégies sont adoptées par l’état malgache, dont l’extension des aires protégées qui veut allier la protection intégrale de certaines parties des ressources, et la satisfaction des besoins des populations riveraines. Le Code des Aires Protégées constitue un outil destiné à la gestion de ces aires de conservation. Toutefois, l’élaboration du plan d’aménagement ne prend pas souvent en compte des paramètres tels que l’augmentation de la population et les besoins qui s’en suivent, ou bien la participation de ces populations au processus d’élaboration et de mise en oeuvre du plan. Le défi est d’arriver à intégrer ces deux logiques de protection et de satisfaction des besoins de la population locale en réalisant des plans d’aménagement et de gestion concertés. Le cas du fokontany Ambohibary Sokafana dans le Corridor Anjozorobe Angavo est étudié pour identifier les paramètres à considérer si on veut atteindre cet objectif : paramètres écologiques et socio-économiques influençant la gestion des ressources forestières, critères permettant de définir la participation des acteurs dans cette gestion. Une revue des ouvrages spécifiques traitant du sujet ainsi que des observations et rencontres avec les divers acteurs sur terrain ont été menées afin de pouvoir identifier ces divers paramètres. Les analyses ont permis d’avancer deux scénarii qui traduisent l’intégration de la protection des forêts et la satisfaction des besoins en bois et en produits vivriers des populations riveraines, en tenant compte des motivations de ces dernières à participer au processus d’appropriation du plan d’aménagement et de gestion.

Allerliebste Ungeheuer. Das deutsche komische Singspiel 1760-1790

Das Singspiel stelle eine heute fast ausgerottete musiktheatralische Gattung dar. Einzig Mozarts deutschsprachige Bühnenwerke haben sich auf der Opernbühne erhalten. Eine Rekonstruktion der Präsenz des Singspiels im 18. Jahrhundert offenbart dessen Unentbehrlichkeit im Gefüge des deutschsprachigen Theaters und seine enorme dramaturgische Dynamik. Dieser Popularität steht eine immerwährende ästhetische Ablehnung gegenüber, die sich sowohl auf die musikalische Substanz, als auch auf deren fast ausschliessliche Zugehörigekeit zum komischen Fach bezieht.

Tagebuch eines Kriegsgefangenen auf "Dronning Marie", April bis September 1848 : herausgegeben zur Erinnerung an den 24. März 1848

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Schilderung der deutsch-dänischen Auseinandersetzung um Schleswig-Holstein (April bis September 1848) aus der Sicht des an Bord des dänischen Kriegsschiffes "Dronning Marie" internierten Kriegsgefangenen Karl Heinrich Christian Keck

A Lentiviral Vector Expressing Japanese Encephalitis Virus-like Particles Elicits Broad Neutralizing Antibody Response in Pigs.

BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia. Vaccination of domestic pigs has been suggested as a "one health" strategy to reduce viral disease transmission to humans. The efficiency of two lentiviral TRIP/JEV vectors expressing the JEV envelope prM and E glycoproteins at eliciting protective humoral response was assessed in a mouse model and piglets. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A gene encoding the envelope proteins prM and E from a genotype 3 JEV strain was inserted into a lentiviral TRIP vector. Two lentiviral vectors TRIP/JEV were generated, each expressing the prM signal peptide followed by the prM protein and the E glycoprotein, the latter being expressed either in its native form or lacking its two C-terminal transmembrane domains. In vitro transduction of cells with the TRIP/JEV vector expressing the native prM and E resulted in the efficient secretion of virus-like particles of Japanese encephalitis virus. Immunization of BALB/c mice with TRIP/JEV vectors resulted in the production of IgGs against Japanese encephalitis virus, and the injection of a second dose one month after the prime injection greatly boosted antibody titers. The TRIP/JEV vectors elicited neutralizing antibodies against JEV strains belonging to genotypes 1, 3, and 5. Immunization of piglets with two doses of the lentiviral vector expressing JEV virus-like particles led to high titers of anti-JEV antibodies, that had efficient neutralizing activity regardless of the JEV genotype tested. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Immunization of pigs with the lentiviral vector expressing JEV virus-like particles is particularly efficient to prime antigen-specific humoral immunity and trigger neutralizing antibody responses against JEV genotypes 1, 3, and 5. The titers of neutralizing antibodies elicited by the TRIP/JEV vector are sufficient to confer protection in domestic pigs against different genotypes of JEV and this could be of a great utility in endemic regions where more than one genotype is circulating.

Predicting recurrence after unprovoked venous thromboembolism: prospective validation of the updated Vienna Prediction Model.

The updated Vienna Prediction Model for estimating recurrence risk after an unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been developed to identify individuals at low risk for VTE recurrence in whom anticoagulation (AC) therapy may be stopped after 3 months. We externally validated the accuracy of the model to predict recurrent VTE in a prospective multicenter cohort of 156 patients aged ≥65 years with acute symptomatic unprovoked VTE who had received 3 to 12 months of AC. Patients with a predicted 12-month risk within the lowest quartile based on the updated Vienna Prediction Model were classified as low risk. The risk of recurrent VTE did not differ between low- vs higher-risk patients at 12 months (13% vs 10%; P = .77) and 24 months (15% vs 17%; P = 1.0). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting VTE recurrence was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.52) at 12 months and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.31-0.54) at 24 months. In conclusion, in elderly patients with unprovoked VTE who have stopped AC, the updated Vienna Prediction Model does not discriminate between patients who develop recurrent VTE and those who do not. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00973596.