电子废物污染地区水生生物体内多氯联苯的异构体分布特征和毒性

电子废物已被证实是众多污染物的释放源,其引起的环境问题正日益受到人们的关注。利用同位素稀释GC/MS法测定了电子废物污染区的田螺、泥鳅和鲫鱼三种水生生物体内的PCBs含量和异构体组成特征。研究结果表明,田螺、泥鳅和鲫鱼体内PCBs平均浓度分别高达1303.53、3845.00和5645.34 ng/g脂重;毒性当量(TEQs)分别为1.35、8.44和29.18 pg WHO-TEQ/g湿重。其中,泥鳅和鲫鱼体内PCBs的TEQs都高于2006年欧盟规定的鱼类可食用部分最大TEQs允许值。此外,PCB 1

微波蒸馏-顶空固相微萃取-气质联用检测鱼体中土霉味化合物

采用微波蒸馏-顶空固相微萃取-气质联用检测鱼体中常见的两种土霉味化合物,即2-甲基异茨醇(2-MIB)和土腥素(Geosmin)。研究并优化了微波蒸馏萃取过程的关键参数(微波蒸馏时间、载气流量),结果表明微波蒸馏6min、载气流70mL/min为土霉味化合物微波蒸馏萃取的最佳条件。在此优化的条件下,土霉味化合物能够充分地从鱼体中蒸馏出来,再采用顶空固相微萃取的方法使馏分中的土霉味化合物吸附于纤维涂层上,将其在250℃高温下解吸,并用GC-MS分析。基于此测定方法,鱼肉中2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素的检测限均达到

Gamma-ray spectroscopy at TRIUMF-ISAC

The 8π spectrometer at TRIUMF-ISAC consists of 20 Compton-suppressed germanium detectors and various auxiliary devices. The Ge array, once used for studies of nuclei at high angular momentum, has been transformed into the world's most powerful device dedicated to radioactive-decay studies. Many improvements in the spectrometer have been made, including a high-throughput data acquisition system, installation of a moving tape collector, incorporation of an array of 20 plastic scintillators for β-particle tagging, 5 Si(Li) detectors for conversion electrons, and 10 BaF2 detectors for fast-lifetime measurements. Experiments can be performed where data from all detectors are collected simultaneously, resulting in a very detailed view of the nucleus through radioactive decay. A number of experimental programmes have been launched that take advantage of the versatility of the spectrometer, and the intense beams available at TRIUMF-ISAC. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.

High-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy: A versatile tool for nuclear β-decay studies at TRIUMF-ISAC

High-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy is essential to fully exploit the unique, high-quality beams available at the next generation of radioactive ion beam facilities such as the TRIUMF isotope separator and accelerator (ISAC). The 8π spectrometer, which consists of 20 Compton-suppressed HPGe detectors, has recently been reconfigured for a vigorous research programme in weak interaction and nuclear structure physics. With the addition of a variety of ancillary detectors it has become the world's most powerful device dedicated to β-decay studies. This paper provides a brief overview of the apparatus and highlights from recent experiments. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Discovery of a new 2.3 s isomer in neutron-rich 174Tm

A new program of K-isomer research has been initiated with the 8π spectrometer sited at the ISAC facility of TRIUMF. We discuss in this paper the identification of a new 2.3 s isomer in 174Tm and its implications. © Società Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag 2005.

冷却包装猪肉辐照异味气体成分研究

【目的】研究冷却真空包装辐照猪肉异味气体主要成分和寻找异味源,为探明异味产生机理及去除方法奠定理论基础。【方法】用真空系统液氮冷却装置收集冷却真空包装猪肉辐照异味气体,用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定收集气体成分,确定异味气体成分并推测异味源。【结果】冷却真空包装猪肉辐照异味气体主要成分是二甲硫、二甲二硫、甲硫醇、乙酸甲硫醇酯;辐照异味气体来源于肉中半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸和维生素B1。异味气体量随辐照剂量增加而增加(0～3kGy),随辐照后冷藏时间延长而下降,与包装类型密切相关(P<0.05)。【结论】冷却真空包装猪肉

重庆市主城区长江和嘉陵江水中有机污染物对斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼的毒性研究

目的以重庆市主城区大溪沟(嘉陵江)和寸滩(长江)两个点为代表,研究2004~2005年度重庆市水源水中有机污染物的组成和对斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼的毒性。方法固相萃取法萃取水中有机污染物,GC/MS检测有机污染物的种类;将萃取的有机污染物溶于DMSO中,并用斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼实验研究水中有机污染物对斑马鱼胚胎孵化率和仔鱼畸形率的影响。结果四个水样中均可检出有机污染物,污染物的种类以酞酸酯类和多环芳烃类为主;污染物可导致斑马鱼胚胎孵化率降低及仔鱼畸形率增加,其毒性呈现出时间和剂量依赖性;同一采样点中,枯水期水样毒性大于丰

香溪河附石性大型底栖动物功能摄食类群研究

利用1∶50 000地形图对香溪河进行划分,显示香溪河为一条6级河流。分析包括捕食者(PR)、撕食者(SH)、刮食者(SC)、直接收集者(GC)和过滤收集者(FC)在内的5个主要功能摄食类群的组成,发现香溪河主要摄食类群以直接收集者和刮食者为主。各功能摄食类群的密度和生物量随着河流级别的变化而发生变化,基本趋势为:直接收集者和滤食者的密度和生物量都随着河流级别的增加而增大;撕食者和刮食者的密度和生物量的密度随着河流级别的增加而减小;而捕食者在整个流域内的密度上游小于下游,生物量却是上游大于下游。研究结果表

武汉大莲花湖异味化合物日变化及其相关因子分析

大莲花湖位于武汉市汉阳区莲花湖公园内,是以休闲娱乐为主的景观水体,面积约为64000m2。近年来,该湖不断出现蓝藻水华,每到夏季湖区臭不可闻,损害了莲花湖旅游度假景区的景观生态价值和经济收入。本文对大莲花湖藻类及其异味化合物与环境因子的日变化进行了研究。结果表明,夏季大莲花湖藻类以微囊藻占优势。据GC-MS鉴定,该湖水中存在着2-MIB、-βCyclocitral和-βIonone等3种异味化合物。水中溶解性2-MIB、-βCyclocitral和-βIonone日最高浓度分别可达69.1ng/L3、2.

Design guidelines for granular particles in a conical centrifugal filter

Essential design criteria for successful drying of granular particles in a conical continuous centrifugal filter are developed in a dimensionless fashion. Four criteria are considered: minimum flow thickness (to ensure sliding bulk flow rather than particulate flow), desaturation position, output dryness and basket failure. The criteria are based on idealised physical models of the machine operation and are written explicitly as functions of the basket size lout, spin velocity Ω and input flow rate of powder Qp. The separation of sucrose crystals from liquid molasses is taken as a case study and the successful regime of potential operating points (lout, Ω) is plotted for a wide range of selected values of flow rate Qp. Analytical expressions are given for minimum and maximum values of the three independent parameters (lout, Ω, Qp) as a function of the slurry and basket properties. The viable operating regime for a conical centrifugal filter is thereby obtained as a function of the slurry and basket properties. © 2012 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.

鲤病毒病原的感染性测定

为查明养殖鲤(Cyprinus carpio)突然大批发病死亡的原因,对鲤病样品进行了细胞攻毒、空斑测定、电镜观察,以及鱼体感染等实验。先以患病鲤的组织匀浆液,经过滤后,分别接种到草鱼鳍条细胞(GCF)、鲤上皮瘤细胞(EPC)等14种培养细胞中。利用倒置显微镜观察显示,在1~2 d内,该病鱼组织匀浆液可使其中9种细胞出现典型的细胞病变。收集出现病变的细胞液(即病毒悬液),进一步进行病毒滴度检测、空斑测定和鱼体感染实验。结果显示,在GCF细胞上的病毒滴度为107.3TCID50/mL;在FHM,TSB和GC

南方某地产妇和婴儿体内多氯联苯蓄积水平的调查

目的了解我国南方某多氯联苯(PCBs)高暴露地区的产妇及其婴儿体内PCBs的蓄积水平。方法采集在当地某医院中符合条件的50对母婴对的母乳和脐带血,用GC-MS法进行PCBs含量的测定。结果母乳中13种PCBs总浓度的最大值为237 ng/g类脂,几何均数为138 ng/g类脂。脐带血中13种PCBs总浓度的最大值为102 ng/g类脂,几何均数为56.9 ng/g类脂。结论该地区妇女和婴儿体内普遍检测出较高水平的PCBs

南方某地妇女儿童血液中多氯联苯蓄积水平调查

目的了解我国南方某多氯联苯(PCBs)高暴露地区的妇女、儿童体内PCBs的蓄积水平。方法采集当地某小学中符合条件的50对母子的血液,用GC-MS法进行PCBs含量的测定。结果儿童血液中所测的13种PCBs的浓度最大值为505 ng/g类脂,几何均数为192 ng/g类脂;母亲血液中所测的13种PCBs的总浓度的最大值为461 ng/g类脂,几何均数为176 ng/g类脂;儿童和母亲血液中PCBs含量的相关系数为0.74。结论该地区妇女和儿童血液中检测出较高水平的PCBs,儿童和母亲血液中PCBs含量呈现较

污水中8种雌激素化合物的定量测定

采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定污水中辛酚(OP)、壬酚(NP)、双酚A(BPA)、己烯雌酚(DES)、雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2)和雌三醇(E3)8种具有雌激素活性的化合物。被测组分的加标回收率为(65.4±4.0)%～(110.0±4.5)%,检出限为1.0～7.5ng/L(相对标准偏差为5.2%～15.6%)。经检测,武汉某城市污水处理厂进水中的目标化合物(除EE2外)浓度为6.5～8954.9ng/L;除EE2和E3外,出水中的浓度为3.2～2