952 resultados para Fe-Rh alloy


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High-speed and high-power InGaAsP/lnP selective proton-bombarded buried crescent (SPB-BC) lasers with optical field attenuation regions were reported. The defect of proton bombardment can not affect the lifetime of the SPB-BC laser because the optical field attenuation region obstructs the growth and propagation of defects. A CW light output over 115 mW was achieved at room temperature using a 500 mu m long cavity SPB-BC laser. The 3 dB bandwidth was 8.5 GHz, and the lifetime was about 8.5 x 10(5) h. The capacitance of four kinds of current blocking structures was first measured in our experiment, and the results shown that the capacitance of proton-bombarded pnpn structure was not only less than that of pnpn current blocking structure, but also less than that of semi-insulating Fe-InP structure.

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Mossbauer spectra for Fe atoms in the series of R3Fe29-xVx (R = Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy) compounds were collected at 4.2 K. The ratio of 14.5 T/mu(B) between the average hyperfine field B-hf and the average Fe magnetic moment mu(Fe)(MS), obtained from our data, in Y3Fe29-xVx is in agreement with that deduced from the RxTy alloys by Gubbens et al. The average Fe magnetic moments mu(Fe)(MS) in these compounds at 4.2 K, deduced from our Mossbauer spectroscopic studies, are in accord with the results of magnetization measurement. The average hyperfine field of the Fe sites for R3Fe29-xVx at 4.2 K increases with increasing values of the rare earth effective spin (g(J) - 1) J, which indicates that there exists a transferred spin polarization induced by the neighboring rare earth atom.

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Fe-57 Mossbauer spectra for the Fe atoms in the R3Fe29-xTx (R=Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy; T=V, Cr) compounds were collected at 4.2 K. The analysis of Mossbauer spectra was based on the results of magnetization and neutron powder diffraction measurements. The average Fe magnetic moments at 4.2 K, deduced from our data, are in accord with magnetization measurements. The average hyperfine field of Tb3Fe29-xCrx (x=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) decreases with increasing Cr concentration, which is also in accordance with the variation of the average Fe magnetic moment in the Tb3Fe29-xCrx compounds.

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We have developed a low-temperature (LT) growth technique. Even with Ge fraction x upto 90%, the total thickness of fully relaxed GexSi1-x buffers can he reduced to 1.7 mu m with dislocation density lower than 5 x 10(6) cm(-2). The surface roughness is no more than 6 nm. The strain relaxation is quite inhomogeneous From the beginning. Stacking faults generate and form the mismatch dislocations in the interface of GeSi/LT-Si. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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The interface states of [NiFe/Mo](30) and [Fe/Mo](30) multilayers have been investigated by x-ray small angle reflection and diffuse scattering. Significant interface roughness correlation was observed in both ultrathin [NiFe/Mo](30) and [Fe/Mo](30) multilayers. An uncorrelated roughness of about 27-3.1 Angstrom was revealed in the [NiPe/Mo](30) multilayers, which is explained as originating from a transition layer between the NiFe and the Mo layers. By the technique of diffuse scattering, it is clearly indicated that the interfacial roughness of NiFe/Mo is much smaller than that of Fe/Mo although the lattice mismatch is the same in both multilayers.

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Chemical-looping reforming (CLR) is a technology that can be used for partial oxidation and steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels. It involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier, which transfers oxygen from combustion air to the fuel. Composite oxygen carriers of cerium oxide added with Fe, Cu, and Mn oxides were prepared by co-precipitation and investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a fixed-bed reactor using methane as fuel and air as oxidizing gas. It was revealed that the addition of transition-metal oxides into cerium oxide can improve the reactivity of the Ce-based oxygen carrier. The three kinds of mixed oxides showed high CO and H-2 selectivity at above 800 degrees C. As for the Ce-Fe-O oxygen carrier, methane was converted to synthesis gas at a H-2/CO molar ratio close to 2:1 at a temperature of 800-900 degrees C; however, the methane thermolysis reaction was found on Ce-Cu-O and Ce-Mn-O oxygen carriers at 850-900 degrees C. Among the three kinds of oxygen carriers, Ce-Fe-O presented the best performance for methane CLR. On Ce-Fe-O oxygen carriers, the CO and H-2 selectivity decreased as the Fe content increased in the carrier particles. An optimal range of the Ce/Fe molar ratio is Ce/Fe > 1 for Ce-Fe-O oxygen carriers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the microstructure of the Ce-Fe-O oxides was not dramatically changed before and after 20 cyclic reactions. A small amount of Fe3C was found in the reacted Ce-Fe-O oxides by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

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控制电位电解型即电流型气体传感器由于具有检测气体种类多、浓度范围宽、体积小、价格低、测量精度高、可用于现场直接检测等优点,在环境监测与安全生产等领域中得到了广泛应用。本文论述了纳米级铂、碳纳米管负载铂及铂铁催化剂的合成方法,并对其进行了物理化学表征和电化学研究,主要结果如下: 采用柠檬酸钠还原的方法,合成了纳米级铂催化剂。TEM和XRD测试表明,该球形多晶铂的粒径为2-5nm。用此种铂催化剂制备了离子交换膜电极复合体,并组装了全固态电流型氧传感器;在对低浓度氧气进行测试时,具有高的灵敏度、较短的响应时间、较低的底电流和噪声,且响应信号与氧气的浓度呈良好的线性关系。 1.利用空气氧化和硝酸相结合对多壁碳纳米管进行了纯化,并利用1:1的H2SO4-HNO3混酸使其表面羧基化,TEM和CV测试表明多壁碳纳米管达到了纯化和表面官能团化的目的。 2.利用喷雾冷却法制备了多壁碳纳米管负载的铂及铂铁合金纳米级催化剂复合体,并利用TEM、EDS、XRD、ICP等进行了表征;在循环伏安扫描中,铂铁合金催化剂呈现较高的比表面积。将多壁碳纳米管负载的铂及铂铁合金纳米级催化剂应用于C1有机小分子的电化学氧化研究中发现,铂铁合金催化剂具有较高的催化活性.

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随着软电离技术的发展,特别是基质辅助激光解析(MALDI)和电喷雾(ESI)两种软电离技术的出现,使质谱分析生物大分子成为可能,将质谱的应用范围迅速扩展到生命科学的诸多研究领域,特别是成为了蛋白质组分析,医学诊断,药物分析等领域不可替代的新工具。首先,采用凝胶电泳与傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)的高分辨率和高质量精确度性能相结合的新方法,对不同肺病患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液进行了快速直接的蛋白质组分析,为肺疾病诊断学、肺病相关机理的研究以及高分辨质谱在蛋白质组分析中的应用奠定了基础。一维(1-D)和二维(2-D)凝胶电泳与高分辨FT-ICR MS相结合,对慢性支气管炎(cblonic broncnitis,CB)和囊泡纤维化(cystic fibrosis,CF)患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中表面蛋白A和D进行了鉴定;并对表面蛋白的翻译后修饰(hydroxy-prollne)进行了直接的确定;对来自于不同肺泡蛋白沉积症(PAP)患者的BALF中的特异性蛋白进行了鉴定,鉴定出表面蛋白A的两个降解片段,为研究与肺病相关的SP-A降解产物的可能降解途径提供了初步的信息。证实了FT-ICR MS的高分辨率和高质量精确度在蛋白质的鉴定过程中的突出作用:(i)利用单个多肤的精确质量,可以避免依赖离子的串联质谱数据进行蛋白质鉴定,即无需对谱图中的离子进行串联质谱分析,就可实现蛋白质或蛋白质混合物的快速、确切的鉴定;(ii)在数据库检索中应用很小的误差范围可以大大提高蛋白质鉴定时的选择性;(iii)通过来自于微量蛋白质的少量肤峰就可以进行蛋白质的准确鉴定。通过MALDI/EST FT-ICR MS、园二色谱(CD)和H/D交换实验(hydrogedeuteriuln exchange)对一系列人SP-C及其类似物进行了表征。证实了溶液相中FFI-SP-C和rh-SP-C的非共价二聚体的存在;研究了人SP-C在有机溶剂中的构象变化和聚集行为,为探讨肺病相关机理奠定了基础。其次,以电喷雾多级串联质谱为研究手段,对部分生物类黄酮及其络合物进行系统的质谱研究,发现二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类化合物在电喷雾条件负离子模式下具有不同的特征质谱行为,为质谱区分这两类化合物提供了重要的依据;黄酮金属络合物的研究中,四种二价过渡金属(Cu(II),Zn,Mn(II)和Fe(II))与芸香普均可以形成络合物,探讨了芸香普一铜络合物软电离条件下的碎裂机理,并利用多级串联质谱数据探讨了络合物C和D的结构,为质谱方法探讨金属清除疾病相关自由基的机理以及提高金属的生物利用度奠定了基础。

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本论文通过聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚丙烯睛嵌段共聚物同铁(III)离子络合物([PMMA-b-PAN]-Fe)制备有机一无机杂化薄膜,并利用妨M对薄膜的表面形态进行了表征。结果表明,通过控制[PMMA-b-PAN]-Fe络合物溶液热处理时间(T=120℃)及络合物溶液中精基同铁<III)离子的摩尔比率,可以得到不同表面形态的有机一无机杂化薄膜。并借助抑S对[PMMA-b-PAN〕-Fe络合物配位作用进行了研究,发现铁(III)离子与PMMA-b-PAN嵌段共聚物中的睛基配位。此外,对掺杂有FeSO4·7H2O 的均聚甲基丙烯酸甲酷(PMMA)溶液、均聚丙烯睛(PAN)溶液和FeSO4·7H2O(溶解在DMF中)溶液经不同时间热处理(T=120℃)后的薄膜表面形态进行了研究,结果发现,掺杂有FeSO4·7H2O 的PMMA 溶液经20in热处理后,薄膜的表面形态与FeS04·7H2O。溶液经20in热处理后薄膜的表面形态基本相同,而掺杂有FesO4·7H2O的PAN溶液经不同时间热处理后,薄膜的表面形态没有明显的变化。与此同时,对匡[PMMA-b-PAN]-Fe络合物高温热解制备碳材料进行了初步的研究,研究结果表明,利用PMMA-b-PAN]-e杂化薄膜炭化制备具有纳米尺寸孔洞的碳薄膜是可能的,但控制好热解条件至关重要。

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贮氢合金是镍一金属氢化物电池的核心材料,其综合性能的改善是提高镍一金属氢化物电池性能的关键。本研究以探索镍一金属氢化物电池新型负极材料为目的,以非ABS型贮氢合金为研究对象,采用X射线衍射、Rietveld分析、恒电流充/放电、P-C-T曲线及线性微极化等方法,从基础和潜在应用等方面详细研究了非ABS型合金的结构与电化学性能。对La-Ni体系中非ABS型二元合金的结构和电化学性能的研究表明,LaNi_(228)具有最优异的高倍率充电性能;La_2Ni_7合金电极的高倍率放电性能最佳;La_7Ni_3在低温条件下表现出较好的放电性能。然而,所有得到的La-Ni合金电极容量远低于其理论容量。因此,必须通过进一步研究,如元素取代、热处理、表面处理等来提高其电化学容量。对RENi_3(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Th,Dy,Ho,Er,Y)研究表明:YNi_3合金因其具有最大的晶胞体积,最小的密度,而表现出最好的高倍率充/放电性能及低温放电性能,但其高温放电性能需要进一步提高,以满足实际应用的要求。用Al、Mn、Ti、Fe、Sn、Si、Cr、M。、Cu和Co十种元素取代Ni进行了大量的配方筛选工作。得到了大量的实验数据,并发现LaNi_(3.7)Al_(0.3)合金电极电化学放电容量最高,达290.8mAh/g;LaNi_(3.7)Mo_(0.3)合金电极的高倍率放电性能最好,在以4200mA/g的电流密度下进行放电时,其放电容量仍达到145.8mA/g;而I镍一金属氢化物电池新型负极材料研究镍一金属氢化物电池新型负极材料的研究Al的取代会使合金电极性能对温度不敏感。以我们的实验为基础,进一步进行合金配方的微调,具有可能开发出具有实用价值的贮氢合金的潜力。在Ar保护下用真空电弧炉熔炼合成了四种Lal一xMg:(NICoAI)3.6体系贮氢合金,制成姐卜Ni电池负极,通过恒电流充/放电方法研究了其电化学性能。结果表明:Lal一xMg:(NiCoAI)3.6体系金属氢化物电极较容易活化,室温下具有优异的高倍率放电性能,在以4200mA/g电流放电时,La卜汉gx(NICoAI)36合金电极的放电容量是ABS型合金电极的3倍,达152hah/g,显示出良好的动力学特性。R,入1兮Ni(R:raree田劝,Ca,Y)型合金因能吸引/释放1.8一1.87%质量的HZ而被认为是种很有希望的贮氢合金。但其吸/放氢平台过高,循环寿命短。如何提高Rh厦g剑19循环稳定性是这类合金能否成功商业化的关键。研究发现,Co能够显著提高ABS型合金电极的循环寿命,但其价格太贵。人们发现Al在提高电极寿命方面与C。有类似的作用,但Al元素的添加因其在碱性电解质的作用下在电极表面易生成致密的氧化膜而不利于氢的扩散,进而对高倍率放电性能不利。入物在提高电极表面活性,改善其高倍率放电性方面作用明显。本工作在前面的基础上用Al和MO联合取代Ni,以期待同时改善La一Mg一Ni一Co合金的循环稳定性和高倍率放电性能。详细研究了La07Mg03Ni切一(A105Mo05)x(x:o,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)系列贮氢合金的晶体结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射及Rietveld分析发现:所有La07Mg03Ni4D一x(A105Mo05)x合金均为包含PuNi3结构的六方LaZMgNig相、CaCus结构的LaNis主相及L匆Ni7,LaN儿和LaNi杂相的多相结构。合金中La(La,Mg)剑19相及LaNis相的晶格参数及晶胞体积均随合金中Al和Mo含量的增加而增大。用电化学方法测得的RC一T曲线显示:Al和'fo部分取代Ni降低了氢的平台压力。随合金中Al和Mo含量的增加,电极的电化学容量从329.7(x=0)、徽橇毓孺鑫盆一11瀚加至365.物A吨(=0.6)后又降低到351.3毗吨(x=0.8)。当以1200m刀g的电流密度进行放电时,其I{RD从62.0%沁0)增加到82.1%沁0.8)。线性微极化结果显示:Al和Mo的添加增大了合金表面的交换电流密度,因而也改善了合金电极的高倍率放电性能。另外,Al和M。取代合金中的Ni增大了氢在电极合金中的扩散系数(D),改善了La07Mgo3Ni4。一x(Alo5M。。5)x(X=o,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)合金电极的低温放电性能(LTD)。

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本论文由两大部分组成。第一部分是新型稀土永磁材料Nd-Fe-B氧化过程及抗氧化新体系的研究。Nd-Fe-B永磁体是1983年问世的新型稀土永磁材料。和原有的铁氧体及Sm-Co体系相比,具有磁能积高(50MGOe)。价廉源广,制备简单等三大优点;也有居里温度低(310℃),温度系数大(-0.126%/K),易氧化等三大缺点,我们对Nd-Fe-B合金的氧化过程进行研究,发现该材料热稳定性差,容易发生氧化反应,氧化使材料的结构受到破坏,并给材料的磁性造成不可恢复的损失,整个氧化过程是分阶段的。在室温和干燥的空气中材料基本是稳定的。150℃以下材料磁性受到破坏的主要原因是体系中Nd的氧化。230℃以上材料主体成分Fe也开始氧化,温度升高使反应进程大大加快。到800℃左右反应基本结束,最终产物主要为Fe_2O_3, Nd_2O_3·FeNdO_3和NdBO_3。增加体系中B的相对含量和添加某些新的元素均能提高材料的抗氧化能力,新研制的Nd-Fe-B-Si四元体系和原来的Nd-Fe-B体系相比具有下列显著优点:新体系的抗氧化能力大大提高,经过150℃的长期恒温试验,材料的结构,磁性均未受到破坏,某些体系甚至能在更高的温度下使用,另外,新体系的居里温度Tc也大为提高。比原有Nd-Fe-B磁体高40℃左右。因此该体系是一种大有发展前途的新材料。此外,我们用动态热重法研究了Nd-Fe-B合金的氧化动力学过程,但由于我们新合成的体系构相较为复杂,未能达到预期效果。第二部分是CuO,Y_2Cu_2O_5,BaCuO_2和RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导体(R稀土元素)磁化率及铜价态研究,铜的氧化物具有复杂的化学计量关系和磁学性质。在对CuO的磁化率研究中,我们发现在低温区(77K-110K)和一定磁场下,CuO由顺磁突变为抗磁。这种转变与磁场强度有很大关系。这一结果与前人的工作有较大的出入。而与超导体的形为极为相似。所不同的是,转变温度与样品的重量也有关系。实验结果重复。由于铜氧性质在R-Ba-Cu-O超导体中起决定作用,因此有必要对CuO的低温磁性作进一步研究。此外,我们对文献尚未报道的Y_2Cu_2O_5的磁化率在77-300K温度区间进行了测量,发现它是顺磁性物质,室温有效磁矩μ_(eff) = 2.13μB。高于Cu~(2+)的理论有效磁矩(1.73μB)。经过碘量法价态分析,发现Y_2Cu_2O_5中有部分Cu~(3+),这与磁化率的测定相符合。Tc在90K左右的Y-Ba-Cu-O体系是近期才发现的具有超高温超导材料。该体系有着独特的结构和性质。在对R-Ba-Cu-O及R-Ba-Cu-O-Ag超导体的研究中,我们发现此类超导体属II类超导体,在临界温附近该超导体由顺磁转变为抗磁,此种变化与磁场强度有很大关系,当场强大于一定值后,则观察不到这种转变。在对RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (R = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm)超导体和具有相同配比但由于合成工艺条件不同而不超导的R'Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (R' = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd)非超导体的铜价态分析中,我们发现此两类化合物中均含有一定量的Cu~(3+)。且超导体中Cu~(3+)的含量高于非超导体中Cu~(3+)的含量(同样比例)。我们还发现Cu~(3+)对水极为敏感,将RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) (除R = Gd, Dy, Er)超导体在未干燥容器中测出的Cu~(3+)量远远低于干燥容器中所测得的值。我们认为这可能是引起超导体不稳定的重要原因。由于尚缺乏用其它手段检测到超导体中Cu~(3+)存在的例证。故对此问题还有待于今后继续作进一步的研究。