Feeding and egg production of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in spring and autumn in the Yellow Sea, China

Shipboard incubations were conducted in spring (April) and autumn (October/November) 2006 to measure the feeding and egg production rates (EPR) of Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea, China. The ingestion rate (2.08-11.46 and 0.26-3.70 mu g C female(-1) day(-1) in spring and autumn, respectively) was positively correlated with microplankton carbon concentrations. In the northern part of the Yellow Sea, feeding on microplankton easily covers the respiratory and production requirements, whereas in the southern part in spring and in the frontal zone in autumn, C. sinicus must ingest alternative food sources. Low ingestion rates, no egg production and the dominance of the fifth copepodite (CV) stage indicated that C. sinicus was in quiescence inside the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water (YSCBW) area in autumn. Calanus sinicus ingested ciliates preferentially over other components of the microplankton. The EPR (0.16-12.6 eggs female(-1) day(-1) in spring and 11.4 eggs female(-1) day(-1) at only one station in autumn) increased with ciliate standing stock. Gross growth efficiency (GGE) was 13.4% (3-39%) in spring, which was correlated with the proportion of ciliates in the diet. These results indicate that ciliates have higher nutrient quality than other food items, but the low GGE indicates that the diet of C. sinicus is nutritionally incomplete.

Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay, China, from 1982 to 2004

Data collected from 12 marine monitoring stations in Daya Bay from 1982 to 2004 reveal a substantial change in the ecological environment of this region. The average N/P ratio increased from 1.377 in 1985 to 49.09 in 2004. Algal species changed from 159 species of 46 genera in 1982 to 126 species of 44 genera in 2004. Major zooplankton species went from 46 species in 1983 to 36 species in 2004. The annual mean biomass of benthic animals was recorded at 123.10 gm(2) in 1982 and 126.68 g m(2) in 2004. Mean biomass and species of benthic animals near nuclear power plants ranged froth 317.9 g m(2) in 1991 to 45.24 g m(2) in 2004 and from 250 species in 1991 to 177 species in 2004. A total of 12-19 species of hermatypic corals and 13 species of mangrove plants were observed in Daya Bay from 1984 to 2002. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Norsesquiterpenes from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata

Three bisnorsesquiterpenes (1-3) with novel carbon skeletons and a norsesquiterpene (4) have been isolated from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata. By means of spectroscopic data including IR, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and CD, their structures including absolute configurations were proposed as (+)-1R,6S,9R)-1-hydroxyl-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en3-one (1), (-)-(1S,6S,9R)-1-hydroxyl-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0] non-4-en-3-one (2), (+)-(5S,6R,9S)5-hydroxyl-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo [4.3.01 non-1-en-3-one (3), and (-)-(1R,7S,10R)-1-hydroxy-1lnorcadinan-5-en-4-one (4). Biogenetically, the carbon skeleton of 1-3 may be derived from the co-occurring cadinane skeleton by ring contraction and loss of two carbon units, and compound 4 from the oxidation of cadinane derivatives. Compounds 1-4 were inactive (IC50 > 10 mu g/mL) against several human cancer cell lines including lung adenocarcinoma (A549), stomach cancer (BGC-823), breast cancer (MCF-7), hepatoma (Bel7402), and colon cancer (HCT-8) cell lines.

Classification of common oysters from North China

Oysters are commonly found on rocky shores along China's northern coast, although there is considerable confusion as to what species they are. To determine the taxonomic status of these oysters, we collected specimens from nine locations north of the Yangtze River and conducted genetic identification using DNA sequences. Fragments from three genes, mitochondrial 165 rRNA, mitochondria! cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and nuclear 285 rRNA, were sequenced in six oysters from each of the nine sites. Phylogenetic analysis of all three gene fragments clearly demonstrated that the small oysters commonly found on intertidal rocks in north China are Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), not C. plicatula (the zhe oyster) as widely assumed. Their small size and irregular shell characteristics are reflections of the stressful intertidal environment they live in and not reliable characters for classification. Our study confirms that the oysters from Weifang, referred to as Jinjiang oysters or C. rivularis (Gould, 1861), are C. ariakensis (Wakiya, 1929). We found no evidence for the existence of C. talienwhanensis (Crosse, 1862) and other Crassostrea species in north China. Our study highlights the need for reclassifying oysters of China with molecular data.

Formation of nano-crystalline corrosion products on Zn-Al alloy coating exposed to seawater

Hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating performs better than hot dip galvanized coating and 55% Al-Zn-Si coating as well with regard to general seawater corrosion protection. A characterization of the corrosion products on Zn-Al alloy coating immersed in dynamic aerated seawater has been performed mainly based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique for crystalline phase identification. The XRD and TEM analyses showed that the corrosion products mainly were typical nanometer Zn4CO3(OH)(6).H2O, Zn-5(OH)(8)Cl-2 and Zn6Al2CO3(OH)(16). 4H(2)O microcrystals. This probably is connected to the co-precipitation of Zn2+ and Al3+ ions caused by adsorption. Zn-Al alloy coating being suffered seawater attacks, AI(OH)(3) gel was first produced on the coating surface. Zn and Al hydroxides would co-precipitate and form double-hydroxide when the concentration of adsorbed Zn2+ ions by the newly produced gel exceeded the critical degree of supersaturation of the interphase nucleation. However, because the growth of the crystals was too low to keep in step with the nucleation, a layer of nano-crystalline corrosion products were produced on the surface of the coating finally. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

不同海拔微孔草抗氧化系统的比较研究

对生长在3个不同海拔自然生境下微孔草（Microula sikkimensis）叶中的抗氧化系统进行了比较研究.结果表明,生长在高海拔的微孔草叶中抗氧化酶类SOD、POD和CAT活性比生长在低海拔的活性高,其中大通牛场的微孔草叶中3种酶活性最高;APX的活性随海拔的升高而升高,且低海拔地区西宁的APX活性极显著低于高海拔地区大通和海北站（P〈0.01）;作为非酶抗氧化系统物质之一的抗坏血酸（ASA）含量随海拔的升高而降低.高海拔地区微孔草叶中可溶性糖含量极高（P〈0.01）;可溶性蛋白含量随海拔升高呈V字形变化.光合色素Chl a、Chlb和Car的含量均随着海拔升高而增加,Chl a/b比值随海拔升高而降低.MDA的含量随海拔升高有增加的趋势,西宁和大通的相比较,MDA含量差异显著（P〈0.05）,说明微孔草叶细胞膜脂过氧化程度随海拔升高加剧.生长在不同海拔高度的微孔草对不同海拔高度环境变化具有相应的生理适应性和抗氧化策略.

菲在土壤／沉积物上的吸附-解吸过程及滞后现象的研究

实验研究了菲在土壤／沉积物上的吸附一解吸过程。CHL土壤和HFH沉积物中有机质的固相^13C CP MAS NMR谱图很相似，表明样品中有机质的组成差异不大；菲在土壤／沉积物上的吸附过程表现出明显的非线性；线性模型不适合拟合菲的吸附等温线，Freundlich模型和双区位反应模型(DRDM)较好地拟合了菲的吸附等温线，其中DRDM模型还清楚地反映菲在低浓度和高浓度下不同的吸附方式；另外，研究表明菲在土壤／沉积物上的解吸过程中存在明显的滞后现象，这可能和土壤／沉积物有机质的异质性和土壤胶团微小孔隙的存在有关。实验研究了菲在土壤／沉积物上的吸附一解吸过程。CHL土壤和HFH沉积物中有机质的固相^13C CP MAS NMR谱图很相似，表明样品中有机质的组成差异不大；菲在土壤／沉积物上的吸附过程表现出明显的非线性；线性模型不适合拟合菲的吸附等温线，Freundlich模型和双区位反应模型(DRDM)较好地拟合了菲的吸附等温线，其中DRDM模型还清楚地反映菲在低浓度和高浓度下不同的吸附方式；另外，研究表明菲在土壤／沉积物上的解吸过程中存在明显的滞后现象，这可能和土壤／沉积物有机质的异质性和土壤胶团微小孔隙的存在有关。

地幔氧逸度的研究进展

通过对目前国际上诸多有关地幔氧逸度的研究结果的系统分析和总结，提出了地幔中自由氧对地幔物质的性质、状态及运动过程产生影响的基本作用方式；介绍了目前地幔氧逸度研究的主要研究手段，包括本征氧逸度的实验室测量、模拟氧逸度的实验室测量、地幔氧逸度计及理论计算等其优缺点；定性探讨了地幔氧逸度的时空分布规律，获得了地幔随时间的推移变得愈来愈氧化，随深度的增加变得愈来愈还原，以及在横向上不同大地构造部位的地幔区域具有不同的氧逸度等诸多结论。结合目前人们对地幔物质组成、性质、状态、运动过程及地球的起源与演化历史等的认识，初步提出了地幔不同圈层氧逸度的约束机制。最后，针对目前地幔氧逸度的研究现状，为今后提出了一些参考性的研究方向。

Intelligent software for laboratory automation

Whelan, K. E. and King, R. D. (2004) Intelligent software for laboratory automation. Trends in Biotechnology 22 (9): 440-445

Cross-Border Unitization and Joint Development Agreements: An International Law Perspective

Okoye, Adaeze, et al, 'Cross-Border Unitization and Joint Development Agreements: An International Law Perspective', Houston Journal of International Law (2007) 29(2) pp.355-425 RAE2008

Factors affecting the survival of sheep embryos after transfer within a MOET program

F. Baria, M. Khalid, W. Haresign, A. Murray and B. Merrell (2003). Factors affecting the survival of sheep embryos after transfer within a MOET program. Theriogenology, 59 (5/6), 1265-1275. Sponsorship: DEFRA RAE2008

L'Ane promeneur, ou Critès promené par son ane : Chef-d'oeuvre pour servir d'Apologie au Goût, aux Moeurs, à l'Esprit, et aux Découvertes du siècle

Première edition revue, corrigée, et précédée d'une Préface à la Mosaïque, dans le plus nouveau goût.