1000 resultados para Espécies de oxigênio reativas
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Leaves and stems from Aniba panurensis (Meisn.) Mez, Aniba rosaeodora Ducke and Licaria martiniana (Mez) Kosterm. were collected in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke-AM and their essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation procedures. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS resulting on fifty and six compounds being identified. The major components were linalool in A. rosaeodora, and β-caryophyllene in A. panurensis and L. martiniana. At qualitative assays the oils showed antioxidant and antiplatelet activities, but only weak activities were found at quantitative spectrometric assays.
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Studies about the inorganic nanoparticles applying for non-viral release of biological and therapeutic species have been intensified nowadays. This work reviews the preparation strategies and application of layered double hydroxides (LDH) as carriers for storing, carrying and control delivery of intercalated species as drugs and DNA for gene therapy. LDH show low toxicity, biocompatibility, high anion exchange capacity, surface sites for functionalization, and a suitable equilibrium between chemical stability and biodegradability. LDH can increase the intercalated species stability and promote its sub-cellular uptake for biomedical purposes. Concerning the healthy field, LDH have been evaluated for clinical diagnosis as a biosensor component.
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The oxygen reduction reaction was studied in alkaline media using manganese oxides obtained from spent batteries as electrocatalysts. Three processes were used to recover manganese oxides from spent batteries. The particles obtained were in the range from 8 to 11 nm. The electrochemical experiments indicated a good electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction using the different samples and showing approximately a direct transference of 4 electrons during the process. Even though all the processes were efficient, the best result was observed for the prepared sample using reactants of low cost.
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The symbiosis of plants with mycorrhizal fungi represents an alternative to be considered during the processes of revegetation and rehabilitation of arsenic-contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate under greenhouse conditions the effect of arsenic on the mycorrhizal association of two species of tropical fern (Thelypteris salzmannii and Dicranopteris flexuosa). T. salzmannii had higher rates of colonization and higher density of spores while D. flexuosa showed greater sensitivity to smaller concentrations of arsenic and association with mycorrhizal fungi. Our results indicate that screening and selection of mycorrhizal fungal isolates/species is possible and effective for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils.
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We investigated the phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of geopropolis from two species of stingless Amazonian bees, Melipona interrupta and Melipona seminigra. The chemical investigation of geopropolis from Melipona interrupta led to the isolation of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavonone, 3,5,6,7,4'-pentahydroxyflavonol, naringenine-4'-O-b-D-glucopyranoside and myricetin-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional NMR techniques. Antioxidant activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of M. interrupta and M. seminigra were measured using the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. This is also the first work reporting the chemical investigation of stingless bee species from the Amazonian region.
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The present article involves a comparative study of the influence of oxygen or sulfur heteroatoms present in the central ring of polycyclic compounds, in order to clarify the correlation between the respective thermophysical or thermochemical properties and structural characteristics. Considering the importance of these types of compounds for their broad spectrum of application in diverse fields, from pharmacology to the development of new materials, the critical interpretation of such properties for their crucial role in the reactivity of these substances is of great interest. Knowledge on these thermodynamic data for key compounds is also relevant to the prediction and understanding of the properties and behavior of other parent compounds.
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This study used chemometric tools and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the influence of organic matter and anthropogenic activity on the distribution of metal species between two major communities of the Middle Negro River Basin-AM. Higher concentrations of metal species were determined in flooded regions. The chemometric analysis showed the affinity of organic matter for potentially toxic metals, indicating its selectivity. GIS spatial analysis has shown that proximity to urban areas is a variable that is likely to influence the pattern of concentration of organic matter, and consequently the distribution of metal species between flooded and non-flooded areas.
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Two simple and efficient procedures have been developed for the rapid simultaneous determination of compounds with mutual spectral interference (rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH)). The first method was based on the UV–Vis spectral signal (190–600 nm) of synthetic RIF and INH aqueous solutions, whereas the second method involved the visible spectral signal registered between 350 and 800 nm after the reaction of INH with a Cu2+/neocuproine complex. Both multivariate spectrophotometric methods show excellent prevision capacity, providing results that are statistically equivalent with those provided by the standard chromatographic procedure. The methods were validated according to criteria established by ANVISA, showing precision, accuracy and robustness compatible with the requirements for new analytical methods, additionally allowing the reduction of waste generation.
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The objective of this work is to demonstrate the efficient utilization of the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) as a method to pre-process the original multivariate data, that is rewrite in a new matrix with principal components sorted by it's accumulated variance. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with backpropagation algorithm is trained, using this pre-processed data set derived from the PCA method, representing 90.02% of accumulated variance of the original data, as input. The training goal is modeling Dissolved Oxygen using information of other physical and chemical parameters. The water samples used in the experiments are gathered from the Paraíba do Sul River in São Paulo State, Brazil. The smallest Mean Square Errors (MSE) is used to compare the results of the different architectures and choose the best. The utilization of this method allowed the reduction of more than 20% of the input data, which contributed directly for the shorting time and computational effort in the ANN training.
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Os vírus representam sérios obstáculos para o sucesso da olericultura no mundo inteiro, constituindo a identificação daqueles de maior incidência numa região, papel fundamental para o estabelecimento de estratégias de controle. Visitas de campo foram realizadas a plantios de espécies de cucurbitáceas em áreas produtoras do Maranhão e amostras foliares foram coletadas de 118 plantas com sintomas ou suspeita de sintomas de vírus, sendo 46 de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata), 30 de melancia (Citrullus lanatus), 23 de maxixe (Cucumis anguria), 13 de pepino (C. sativus) e seis de melão (C. melo). Todas as amostras foram testadas contra anti-soros específicos para os principais vírus das famílias Bromoviridae, Comoviridae e Potyviridae que infetam cucurbitáceas no Nordeste, mediante "enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay" (ELISA) indireto e dupla difusão em agar. Os resultados revelaram a identificação sorológica de Papaya ringspot vírus (PRSV) em 64,4% das amostras analisadas, seguido de Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) em 15,2%, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) em 6,8%, Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) em 3,4% e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) em 3,4%. Este levantamento confirma a predominância do PRSV em espécies de cucurbitáceas cultivadas no estado do Maranhão.
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Visando avaliar as interações de suscetibilidade do cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) e de outros hospedeiros ao fungo Crinipellis perniciosa, plântulas de cupuaçu , cacau (Theobroma cacao), cacau-do-peru (Theobroma bicolor) e jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum), com idade entre seis a oito semanas, foram inoculadas com basidiósporos provenientes de vassouras secas e/ou frutos infetados destes hospedeiros coletados no sul da Bahia. As inoculações foram feitas depositando-se uma gota de 20 µl da suspensão de 5,0 x 10(5) basidiósporos/ml de C. perniciosa, obtidos de cada um dos hospedeiros, na gema apical e no hipocótilo (cupuaçu) de cada muda. Após a inoculação as plântulas permaneceram por 24 h em câmara climatizada, com temperatura em torno de 25 ºC e aproximadamente 100% de umidade. Realizou-se a avaliação final dos sintomas 60 dias após a inoculação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições de dez plantas. O cacau e o cacau-do-peru foram suscetíveis ao inóculo obtido dos quatro hospedeiros. A jurubeba apresentou reações de suscetibilidade somente aos inóculos dela própria e de cacau. O cupuaçu apresentou sintomas quando inoculado com basidiósporos obtidos dele próprio, de cacau e de cacau-do-peru. O inóculo proveniente de cacau foi o mais infetivo a todos os hospedeiros.
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Isolados de Oidium oriundos de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla) roseira (Rosa sp), dália (Dhalia sp.), feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) e urucunzeiro (Bixa orellana) foram comparados mediante écnicas de extração e eletroforese de isoenzimas, em gel de amido. Dentre 19 enzimas testadas, fosfatase ácida, enzima málica, alfa-esterase, 6-fosfoglucanato desidrogenase, fosfoglucose isomerase, hexoquinase e malato desidrogenase ofereceram atividade e resolução satisfatórias. Os isolados do patógeno oriundos de eucalipto e de roseira apresentaram um mesmo padrão de bandas com coeficiente de similaridade igual a 100%. Os demais isolados diferiram entre si e exibiram coeficiente de similaridade inferior a 43%. Os isolados obtidos de eucalipto e de roseira, além de morfologicamente similares, apresentaram um mesmo padrão isoenzimático sendo, portanto, anamorfos de Sphaerotheca pannosa.
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Oito espécies de Ravenelia descritas anteriormente foram revisadas e acrescentadas ilustrações inéditas das características morfológicas de alguns desses fungos causadores de ferrugem em Leguminosae. As espécies de Ravenelia estudadas foram: Ravenelia bezerrae sobre Enterolobium ellipticum ; R. densifera sobre Senna silvestris; R. dieteliana sobre Calliandra dysantha. var. dysantha; R. geminipora sobre Platymenia reticulata; R. lonchocarpi sobre Lonchocarpus campestris; R. mimosae-sensitivae sobre Mimosa radula var. imbricata; R. pileolarioides sobre Caesalpinia pyramydales e R. santos-costae, sobre Calliandra dysantha.
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A partir de sementes de feijão (Phaseulus vulgaris) armazenadas no estado da Paraíba, foram isolados os fungos Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. lucknowensis, A.niger, A.ochraceus e A. parasiticus. Os fungos foram identificados com base nas características culturais exibidas em meio de Czapek-Agar e morfológicas através de microscópio ótico composto. No oitavo dia de crescimento em meio de BDA, cada espécie apresentou diferenças quanto à curva de crescimento, taxa de crescimento durante o período de incubação e diâmetro das colônias no oitavo dia de acordo com a procedência das amostras de sementes.
Resumo:
Avaliou-se, em condições de casa de vegetação, a patogenicidade de dois isolados de Corynespora cassiicola, obtidos de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), a abóbora (Cucurbita pepo), aceroleira (Malpighia glabra), caupi (Vigna unguiculata), mamoeiro (Carica papaya), maxixe (Cucumis anguria), pimentão (Capsicum annum), quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus), soja (Glycines max), tomateiro e vinagreira (Hibiscus sabdariffa) com o objetivo de selecionar plantas que possam ser utilizadas em sistemas de rotação de culturas, nas áreas produtoras de tomate. Duas plantas daninhas, trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis) e assa peixe (Vernonia cinerea), comuns em tomatais, foram incluídas nos testes para se avaliar sua importância como fontes de inóculo. As plantas reagiram diferentemente ao patógeno, sendo a maioria suscetível aos dois isolados do fungo. Sugere-se que o tomateiro não deva ser cultivado consorciado ou muito próximo a plantios de abóbora, maxixe, pimentão, quiabeiro e vinagreira. O controle das invasoras como C.benghalensis e V. cinerea é de fundamental importância para a redução do inóculo no campo.