Statistical model based 3D shape prediction of postoperative trunks for non-invasive scoliosis surgery planning

One of the major concerns of scoliosis patients undergoing surgical treatment is the aesthetic aspect of the surgery outcome. It would be useful to predict the postoperative appearance of the patient trunk in the course of a surgery planning process in order to take into account the expectations of the patient. In this paper, we propose to use least squares support vector regression for the prediction of the postoperative trunk 3D shape after spine surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Five dimensionality reduction techniques used in conjunction with the support vector machine are compared. The methods are evaluated in terms of their accuracy, based on the leave-one-out cross-validation performed on a database of 141 cases. The results indicate that the 3D shape predictions using a dimensionality reduction obtained by simultaneous decomposition of the predictors and response variables have the best accuracy.

A physically based trunk soft tissue modeling for scoliosis surgery planning systems

One of the major concerns of scoliotic patients undergoing spinal correction surgery is the trunk's external appearance after the surgery. This paper presents a novel incremental approach for simulating postoperative trunk shape in scoliosis surgery. Preoperative and postoperative trunk shapes data were obtained using three-dimensional medical imaging techniques for seven patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Results of qualitative and quantitative evaluations, based on the comparison of the simulated and actual postoperative trunk surfaces, showed an adequate accuracy of the method. Our approach provides a candidate simulation tool to be used in a clinical environment for the surgery planning process.

Simulation of the postoperative trunk appearance in scoliosis surgery

Persistence of external trunk asymmetry after scoliosis surgical treatment is frequent and difficult to predict by clinicians. This is a significant problem considering that correction of the apparent deformity is a major factor of satisfaction for the patients. A simulation of the correction on the external appearance would allow the clinician to illustrate to the patient the potential result of the surgery and would help in deciding on a surgical strategy that could most improve his/her appearance. We describe a method to predict the scoliotic trunk shape after a spine surgical intervention. The capability of our method was evaluated using real data of scoliotic patients. Results of the qualitative evaluation were very promising and a quantitative evaluation based on the comparison of the simulated and the actual postoperative trunk surface showed an adequate accuracy for clinical assessment. The required short simulation time also makes our approach an eligible candidate for a clinical environment demanding interactive simulations.

Changes in Trunk Appearance After Scoliosis Spinal Surgery and Their Relation to Changes in Spinal Measurements

Study Design Retrospective study of surgical outcome. Objectives To evaluate quantitatively the changes in trunk surface deformities after scoliosis spinal surgery in Lenke 1A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and to compare it with changes in spinal measurements. Summary of Background Data Most studies documenting scoliosis surgical outcome used either radiographs to evaluate changes in the spinal curve or questionnaires to assess patients health-related quality of life. Because improving trunk appearance is a major reason for patients and their parents to seek treatment, this study focuses on postoperative changes in trunk surface deformities. Recently, a novel approach to quantify trunk deformities in a reliable, automatic, and noninvasive way has been proposed. Methods Forty-nine adolescents with Lenke 1A idiopathic scoliosis treated surgically were included. The back surface rotation and trunk lateral shift were computed on trunk surface acquisitions before and at least 6 months after surgery. We analyzed the effect of age, height, weight, curve severity, and flexibility before surgery, length of follow-up, and the surgical technique. For 25 patients with available three-dimensional (3D) spinal reconstructions, we compared changes in trunk deformities with changes in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spinal measurements. Results The mean correction rates for the back surface rotation and the trunk lateral shift are 18% and 50%, respectively. Only the surgical technique had a significant effect on the correction rate of the back surface rotation. Direct vertebral derotation and reduction by spine translation provide a better correction of the rib hump (22% and 31% respectively) than the classic rod rotation technique (8%). The reductions of the lumbar Cobb angle and the apical vertebrae transverse rotation explain, respectively, up to 17% and 16% the reduction of the back surface rotation. Conclusions Current surgical techniques perform well in realigning the trunk; however, the correction of the deformity in the transverse plane proves to be more challenging. More analysis on the positive effect of vertebral derotation on the rib hump correction is needed. Level of evidence III.

Non-invasive quantitative assessment of scoliosis spinal surgery outcome

Improving the appearance of the trunk is an important goal of scoliosis surgical treatment, mainly in patients' eyes. Unfortunately, existing methods for assessing postoperative trunk appearance are rather subjective as they rely on a qualitative evaluation of the trunk shape. In this paper, an objective method is proposed to quantify the changes in trunk shape after surgery. Using a non-invasive optical system, the whole trunk surface is acquired and reconstructed in 3D. Trunk shape is described by two functional measurements spanning the trunk length: the lateral deviation and the axial rotation. To measure the pre and postoperative differences, a correction rate is computed for both measurements. On a cohort of 36 scoliosis patients with the same spinal curve type who underwent the same surgical approach, surgery achieved a very good correction of the lateral trunk deviation (median correction of 76%) and a poor to moderate correction of the back axial rotation (median correction of 19%). These results demonstrate that after surgery, patients are still confronted with residual trunk deformity, mainly a persisting hump on the back. That can be explained by the fact that current scoliosis assessment and treatment planning are based solely on radiographic measures of the spinal deformity and do not take trunk deformity into consideration. It is believed that with our novel quantitative trunk shape descriptor, clinicians and surgeons can now objectively assess trunk deformity and postoperative shape and propose new treatment strategies that could better address patients' concern about their appearance. © (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Photodiagnosis of Oral Malignancy using Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Biophotonics Laboratory,Centre for Earth Science Studies

Video Object Tracking And Analysis For Computer Assisted Surgery

Pedicle screw insertion technique has made revolution in the surgical treatment of spinal fractures and spinal disorders. Although X- ray fluoroscopy based navigation is popular, there is risk of prolonged exposure to X- ray radiation. Systems that have lower radiation risk are generally quite expensive. The position and orientation of the drill is clinically very important in pedicle screw fixation. In this paper, the position and orientation of the marker on the drill is determined using pattern recognition based methods, using geometric features, obtained from the input video sequence taken from CCD camera. A search is then performed on the video frames after preprocessing, to obtain the exact position and orientation of the drill. An animated graphics, showing the instantaneous position and orientation of the drill is then overlaid on the processed video for real time drill control and navigation

Evaluation Of A Novel Method Of Real Time Computer Assisted Spine Surgery

In this paper the effectiveness of a novel method of computer assisted pedicle screw insertion was studied using testing of hypothesis procedure with a sample size of 48. Pattern recognition based on geometric features of markers on the drill has been performed on real time optical video obtained from orthogonally placed CCD cameras. The study reveals the exactness of the calculated position of the drill using navigation based on CT image of the vertebra and real time optical video of the drill. The significance value is 0.424 at 95% confidence level which indicates good precision with a standard mean error of only 0.00724. The virtual vision method is less hazardous to both patient and the surgeon

Infecciones en pacientes tratados con citorreducción peritoneal mas quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal

Introducción:Los individuos en quienes se realiza el sugarbaker tienen diagnósticos tumorales bien caracterizados. Actualmente no se dispone en la literatura médica universal de comparadores previos que permitan estimar la morbilidad relacionada específicamente con procesos infecciosos en pacientes sometidos al procedimiento, por tanto se presenta la caracterización de procesos febriles e infecciosos en el postoperatorio de la cohorte de pacientes intervenidos en la FSFB y de los factores de riesgo asociados a su manifestación. Métodos:Estudio descriptivo con componente analítico de una cohorte ambidireccional compuesta por pacientes intervenidos en la FSFB mediante el procedimiento de Sugarbaker. Resultados:En total se incluyeron en el estudio 53 pacientes consecutivos (37mujeres y 16hombres), quienes fueron llevados al procedimiento de peritonectomía radical más quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal entre el mes de nov/2007 y jun/2012 en el Hospital-Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Los desenlaces de morbilidad asociada al procedimiento fueron caracterizados, indicando que las principales causas de morbilidad son los eventos tromboticos y las infecciones. Se caracterizaron como estadísticamente significativos para estancia hospitalaria el requerimiento transfusional (r=0,451, p=0,001), colecistectomía (p=0,016), el riesgo anestésico ASA≥3 (p=0,03), entre otros. El perfil de infección mostró relación estadísticamente significativa con resecciones de órganos específicas (p<0,05 para colectomía derecha [OR=5,3], colecistectomía [OR=21,8] y esplenectomía [OR=4,2]), el riesgo anestésico ASA≥3 (OR=1,2, p=0,036), anemia (OR=7,1, p=0,004), fístula (OR=5,2, p=0,036), entre otros. Conclusiones: El procedimiento de Sugarbaker es eficaz y seguro en nuestra institución. Se requiere de más estudios en poblaciones diversas que permitan comprender el comportamiento de las infecciones en la población sometida al procedimiento.

Predictors of Attitudes toward Cosmetic Surgery among U.S. and Colombian College Women: The Roles of Eating Behaviors and Demographic Variables

Cross-cultural studies on eating behaviors and related constructs can identify cultural and social factors that contribute to eating disorder symptomatology. Eating disorders (EDs) are a major cause for concern in the U.S., and recent studies in Colombia have shown growing rates among their female population. In addition, cosmetic surgery procedures have been increasing rapidly in both the U.S. and Colombia, and preliminary research suggests a positive relation between disordered eating and endorsement of plastic surgery. In samples of college women from Colombia and the U.S., we investigated patterns of association between disordered eating variables and cosmetic surgery acceptance. Our approach utilized separate analyses for various subcomponents of disordered eating (to determine their unique associations with cosmetic surgery acceptance) while adjusting for potentially relevant covariates and examining cross-cultural patterns. Participants were students at an urban, public college in the U.S. (n=163) and an urban, private college in Colombia (n=179). Overall, our findings suggested that participants from Colombia with greater disordered eating were more likely to endorse cosmetic surgery for social reasons, while those from the U.S. were more likely to consider undergoing cosmetic surgery for personal reasons. Differing findings between the two samples may be due to cultural and social factors, which we delineate. These findings also have potential implications for presurgical counseling of cosmetic surgery candidates.

Caracterizacion de nódulos tiroideos: concordancia entre estudio citopatologico y ecografia en la detección de nódulos malignos

: Los métodos imagenológicos para evaluar los nódulos tiroideos han sido motivo de estudio en las últimas décadas, especialmente la ecografía sobresale sobre las otras modalidades diagnósticas por su accesibilidad, portabilidad, y seguridad. A pesar de ello, las características ecográficas de cada nódulo han sido objeto de controversia en cuanto a su potencial detección de malignidad o benignidad. Se presenta un estudio de concordancia entre el estudio citopatológico y la ecografía para la caracterización nódulos tiroideos de naturaleza maligna y benigna, y su análisis de pruebas diagnósticas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de concordancia con estudio de pruebas diagnósticas anidado. Se escogieron todos los pacientes con nódulos tiroideos a quienes se les realizó ecografía y estudio citopatológico de la lesión y se estudiaron los hallazgos ecográficos para evaluar su potencial diagnóstico para malignidad. Se incluyeron un total de 100 pacientes con nódulos tiroideos potencialmente malignos. La concordancia entre la ecografía en modo B y el estudio citopatológico fue moderada (índice kappa 0.55). La característica con mayor potencial para detectar malignidad fue la presencia de Microcalcificaciones (sensibilidad 75%, especificidad 92%).

Hallazgos radiológicos de la enfermedad pulmonar en pacientes Colombianos con esclerodermia

La esclerosis sistémica (ES) es una enfermedad autoinmune multisistémica que afecta principalmente la piel, los pulmones, el tracto gastrointestinal, el corazón y los riñones. La enfermedad pulmonar, presente en casi el 100% de los casos, es el factor con mayor influencia en la mortalidad. El propósito de este estudio es realizar un análisis detallado de la enfermedad pulmonar por tomografía computarizada de alta resolución(TCAR) en pacientes Colombianos con ES, para lo cual se realizó un estudio de prevalencia analítica en 44 pacientes con ES valorados en el Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi en los últimos 7 años. Los resultados mostraron características demográficas y clínicas similares a las previamente descritas. La prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial fue alta, y los hallazgos de fibrosis pulmonar como vidrio esmerilado y panal de abejas se asociaron con la presencia del autoanticuerpo antiSCL70. La medida del diámetro esofágico por TCAR fue mayor en los pacientes con disfagia, antiSCL 70 y linfopenia, los cuales son marcadores de mal pronóstico.

Proporción de pacientes que presentan hipotermia peri operatoria durante un reemplazo articular de cadera, rodilla u hombro

Introducción: La hipotermia perioperatoria se ha documentado como factor de riesgo para el aumento de la morbimortalidad de los pacientes aumentando morbilidad miocárdica, riesgo de infección, pérdidas sanguíneas y tiempo de hospitalización. La aplicación de anestésicos toma relevancia ya que causa la pérdida de control central de la temperatura. Nuestro objetivo con este estudio fue describir la proporción de casos de hipotermia en la población sometida a un reemplazo articular durante un periodo de cuatro meses. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo. La población a estudio fueron los pacientes que fueron sometidos a un reemplazo total de cadera, rodilla u hombro. Se registró la temperatura central en el momento previo a la inducción anestésica, 30, 60 y 90 minutos después, al finalizar el procedimiento y al ingresar a recuperación. Se reportó el porcentaje de pacientes con hipotermia en cada tiempo. Resultados: Se analizaron en total 88 pacientes, el 55,7% fue llevado a cirugía de cadera, 39,7% de rodilla y 4,5% de hombro. El tipo de anestesia más utilizado fue general y la duración promedio de anestesia fue 164 minutos. La medición de la temperatura central se realizó en nasofaringe, esófago o tímpano. La proporción de pacientes que presentaron hipotermia en la inducción fue 21,6%, a 30 minutos 83%, a 60 minutos 73,9%, a 90 minutos 68,2%, al finalizar 59,1% y en recuperación 58%. Se realizó una prueba Chi cuadrado comparando las proporciones entre la inducción y los cinco periodos posteriores, se encontró que la proporción de pacientes con hipotermia en los cinco tiempos posteriores tuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,00) comparada con la proporción de pacientes con hipotermia durante la inducción. Conclusión: En los pacientes sometidos a un reemplazo articular la hipotermia fue una condición prevalente posterior a la aplicación de los anestésicos sistémicos. Los dispositivos de calentamiento intraoperatorio usados actualmente son insuficientes para evitar la hipotermia, lo que indica concordancia con la literatura en cuanto a las recomendaciones de calentamiento perioperatorio, con énfasis en el precalentamiento, para prevenir la caída significativa de la temperatura y la morbimortalidad asociada.