Fatores indutores à evolução da gestão ambiental na indústria: uma abordagem pela Teoria Institucional.

A poluição figura como a principal causadora dos altos impactos ambientais provocando danos à sociedade, à fauna e a flora com degradação e comprometimento do meio ambiente. Somado a esse fato, existe outra fundamental consideração quanto à utilização e desperdício de recursos naturais advindos da produção de bens que visa expandir-se sempre uma vez que busca a ampliação dos mercados e consequentemente do consumo. As organizações industriais são apontadas como grandes responsáveis pela contribuição e acirramento desses problemas. Entretanto, com a inclusão de variáveis sociais e ambientais na condução das atividades empresariais, nota-se uma adoção de práticas diferenciadas para uma prevenção à poluição, maior eficiência e diminuição do uso de recursos naturais. Esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo identificar em que etapas de gestão se encontram as empresas industriais brasileiras dos segmentos de transformação e os fatores indutores que as levam a adotar a gestão diferenciada, como a produção mais limpa. A investigação se deu mediante survey com posterior Análise Fatorial por Componentes Principais para destacar as variáveis mais relevantes e aplicada Regressão Linear Múltipla para verificar a evolução da gestão ambiental, os fatores motivadores mais influentes e a percepção dos gestores quanto às pressões sofridas, segundo preceitos da Teoria Institucional. Foi possível constatar que as empresas evoluíram positivamente sobre os entendimentos do meio ambiente nas atividades gerenciais nos últimos anos, e que a pressão coercitiva é um fator relevante na gestão das empresas gaúchas e fluminenses. Contudo, o meio ambiente ainda não é abordado de forma estruturada e sistematizada por tais empresas.

Análise de impacto regulatório no direito ambiental : limites e possibilidades

A regulação ambiental carece de maior transparência. Os órgãos de proteção do meio ambiente, em regra, apenas publicam as versões finais das medidas elaboradas, sem explicitar as justificativas técnicas que as embasaram, as alternativas consideradas e as possíveis contribuições decorrentes de participação social, entre outras questões. Em consequência, tem-se um cenário desfavorável à realização de controle pelos mais diversos atores. Para superá-lo, a análise de impacto regulatório é apresentada como instrumento apto a agregar clareza, objetividade e eficiência ao processo decisório ambiental. A incorporação da ferramenta, no entanto, deve ser realizada com cuidado especial, tendo em vista a existência de três principais peculiaridades do direito do meio ambiente. Primeiro, o setor lida não só com situações de risco, mas também com casos de incerteza, em que a ausência de informação impossibilita o cálculo de probabilidade de ocorrência de possíveis resultados. Em segundo lugar, a regulação ambiental recai sobre bens não transacionados em mercados, o que dificulta a obtenção de seu valor de troca, aspecto relevante para a análise de custo-benefício como tradicionalmente conhecida. Por fim, o meio ambiente apresenta desenho regulatório absolutamente fragmentado, composto por variados órgãos normatizadores, deliberativos e fiscalizadores em todos os níveis da federação, o que eleva o risco de deficiências na formação técnica das autoridades reguladoras.

Federalismo cooperativo e o exercício da competência administrativa ambiental

This paper aims to discuss the conflicts of competence in environmental matters, as well as the legitimacy of the normative acts in the exercise of jurisdiction effected environmental management. For this work, addresses the issue of federalism, North American (dual) and German (cooperative), deepening its historical and theoretical fundamentals, as well as the influences on the evolution of the ideological matrix of Brazilian federalism. Distinguishes itself around the problem the theoretical and abstract discussion involving the constitutional division of powers, and the issue of his relationship with the vicissitudes in the embracement of environmental matters that invariably leads to mistakes in the exercise of jurisdiction environmental management. Its highlight the existence of a framework environmental law, embodying the principles themselves as well as a specific object of authority, which qualifies a different interpretation of the rules of constitutional powers as well as influencing the acting agent of government in managing the public good environment. The study represents an exploratory research as it investigates the depths of the institutes are in evidence not only with satisfying its practical outcome. For this to happen, explores bibliographical sources and identified by the science of law as more important, as the search for social-political boundary which takes the issue studied in their historical and contextual materiality, whose study is essential for a complete understanding of the topic . The dialectic that arguments have been constructed throughout the monograph, attempts to pass a critical way to expose the author's ideas, which considers as essential in the arrival of new questions

Gestão ambiental na saúde pública: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde, dos servidores do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes do Rio Grande do Norte

This research has aimed at studying the perception of University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL) s workers on the environmental management plan of RSSS. They have been interviewed 250 workers: doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and cleaners. It was used an exploratory and descriptive research of the type Survey, which aims at obtaining of data or information on characteristics, actions or opinions of any group of people. The questions of the questionnaire were of the kind objective", formulated in a model "scale", analyzed in according to the positioning of the interviewee. The wastes of health service have high potential for environmental impact in the activities from HUOL. Actions or environmental protective policy can improve the image of HUOL. They have been detected divergences on the rigor in application of law of ANVISA. The HUOL s workers unaware of the law of ANVISA and they have little or no knowledge about the practices of environmental control, public health and, they do not know the Environmental Management System ISO 14001. They have divergent views on the degree of importance of ISO 14001. There is not a Waste Management Plan for Health Service and / or is not disclosed for most of HUOL workers. It has not carried out audits or defined the goals and objectives. Besides, it has not been identified legal requirements, and there has not been communication about the service is performed or has been made a critical analysis and no control of documents the environmental management plan. The HUOL have not had a committee of environmental management. The direction of HUOL has not been organized courses, training and recycling of waste on environmental control of the health service. On a scale from 01 to 05, the level of aware level concerning to the waste management from health services of the workers, so is at the threshold between 01 and 02. For the reversal of this situation, the first and urgent step is the creation and institutionalization the environmental management committee of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes

A Produção mais Limpa como ferramenta em busca da sustentabilidade empresarial: um estudo de múltiplos casos em empresas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This study aimed to assess the Cleaner Production CP as corporate sustainable tool, through the multiple case studies within companies from Rio Grande do Norte State. In order to achieve this goal a research methodology approach was set. The initial stage of the research methodology was based on a literature review on which it was observed that the CP can be linked with corporate sustainable once it prevents pollution and reduces the operational risks among employees, community and environment. In addition, CP can useful for companies position within competitive position as well as being applied to process, products and services. In order to observe these factors, CP was used within food industry (Company 1), textile industry (Company 2) and in a car dealer (Company 3). Regarding the results, Company 1 changed its raw material as well as implementing housekeeping (control use of water, energy and condensed milk). In Company 2, it was observed the three levels of CP. In other words, housekeeping (e.g. cutting process and manipulation of chemical products), changing technology (high pressure washing machine) and internal and external recycling. In addition, Company 3 considered only level 3 external recycling. As consequence, it was observed that can be applied either within industry as well as service sector. Unfortunately, it was not possible to observe any social gains on a monetary basis. This is due to limitations of the CP methodology and study complexity. Therefore, it was observed improvements regarding to social, environmental and economic areas. Nevertheless, it is necessary more commitment from top level management in order to consider CP like effective sustainable tool

Diagnóstico ambiental da gestão e destinação dos resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD): análise das Construtoras Associadas ao SINDUSCON/RN e empresas coletoras atuantes no município de Parnamirim - RN

Surveys carried out in many Brazilian cities have shown that the CDW Construction and Demolition Waste, in some cases, represent more than 50% of the mass of urban solid residue. Municipalities have struggled to manage in an effective way huge quantities of CDW generated every day and solve the problem of the illegal dumping in an inadequate area, which compromise the quality of life of the population as a whole, thus causing serious problems concerning social-environmental and sanitary. This paperwork was meant it carry out environmental diagnosis of the management and the final destination of the CDW in the city of Parnamirim/RN. The methodology used in this work constituted in the bibliographical research, conducted to give support and fundaments to the subject in question, identification of the main places of legal and illegal dumping, identification of the environmental impacts caused by the irregular deposition of the CDW, valuation of quantity and quality of the CDW and perception according to the Environmental Legislation. The necessary data for the elaboration of this study were carried out through the appliance of questionnaires with open and closed questions, applied to 14 (fourteen) Real Estate developer companies associated with SINDUSCON/RN and 05 companies that deal with the transportation and collection of CDW, formal and informal interviews, exploitational visits and photographical records. The collected data went through a statistic treatment being organized into tables and graphs. The main results obtained from this research show that the interviewees hold a medium knowledge of the specific Environmental Legislation; do not have an effective model of environmental management, resorting to only reusing CDW; that the reusing of CDW is not substantial, as much as the possibility of recycling has a minimal consideration. It was also verified that a considerable percentage of interviewees affirmed to send CDW to illegal and inadequate locations. It is expected that such study can be used as an important tool to subsidize the public administration in the pursuit of solutions which could bring benefits to society and the environment