Instrumentos antigos para o ensino de física: o tubo de Newton e seu uso no passado

O objetivo deste estudo é buscar compreender aspectos do trabalho experimental no ensino de Física no Brasil no passado, focalizando um instrumento antigo - o tubo de Newton. Considerando que a partir da Reforma Francisco Campos, em 1931, houve uma expansão do ensino secundário brasileiro e um aumento da presença de disciplinas científicas no currículo desse curso, examinamos as recomendações oficiais para o ensino de Física de 1931até 1961, quando foi promulgada a primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Procuramos investigar como o uso do tubo de Newton aparece em livros didáticos de Física para a educação secundária, editados em nosso país, no período delimitado. Em nossas conclusões consideramos que o conhecimento histórico pode ajudar a compreender aspectos relevantes a respeito do papel da experimentação no ensino de Física em nossos dias.

As contribuições de Júlio Pires Porto-Carrero à difusão da psicanálise de crianças no Brasil nas décadas de 1920 e 1930

The ideas related to the psychoanalysis of children began to be disseminated in Brazil in the 1920’s, by professionals connected to medicine and education. Therefore, the present article aims showing the contributions of Julius Pires PortoCarrero in the introduction of ideas referred to psychoanalysis of children in Brazil from 1920 to 1930, focusing on education. Through bibliographic research all of the author´s work that used psychoanalytic ideas to discuss themes related to education were identified. The conclusions indicate that, in agreement with new educational proposals emerged in the country in the 1920s, the author devoted himself to spread psychoanalytic concepts among educators, assuming that a better understanding of the child based on psychoanalysis could support its development and also the learning process. Besides conferring social legitimacy to psychoanalysis, this initiative has enabled the arising of a more comprehensive practice in child psychoanalysis.

Redes sociales durante la economia cafetera: el caso de las haciendas Bebedouro (Brasil) y La Luisiana (Colombia), 1870-1920

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

On the Newton method for solving fuzzy optimization problems

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Study on determination and removal of metallic ions from aqueous and alcoholic solutions using a new POSS adsorbent

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

El Machete e A Classe Operária: a imprensa comunista mexicana e brasileira (1920-1940)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Diversidade genética e considerações sobre Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contribution à l'étude des Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 (Trematoda). XXVI. -De quelques espèces d'Alaska

French abstract: La faune des Trématodes Microphallidés d'Alaska étudiée comporte neuf espèces différentes, distribuées en quatre genres: 1° Microphallus oblonga Ching, 1965, M. pygmaeum (Levinsen, 1881) et M. similis (Jaegerskioeld, 1900). 2° Levinseniella (Lev.) propinqua Jaegerskioeld, 1907. 3° Maritrema acadiae (Swales, 1933). M. afanassjewi Belopolskaia, 1952. M. gratiosum Nicoll, 1907. M. megametrios Deblock et Rausch, 1968 et enfin, 4° Pseudospelotrema sp. n° 1. Les caractéristiques morphologiques essentielles de ces Trématodes sont décrites, sauf celles de la dernière espèce citée qui a déjà fait l'objet d'une étude antérieure. English abstract: Microphallid trematodes of nine species, representing four genera, have been studied from birds and mammals collected in Alaska: 1° Microphallus oblonga Ching, 1965, M. pygmaeum (Levinsen, 1881) and M. similis (Jaegerskioeld, 1900). 2° Levinseniella (Lev.) propinqua Jaegerskioeld, 1907. 3° Maritrema acadiae (Swales, 1933), M. afanassjewi Belopolskaia, 1952, M. gratiosum, Nicoll, 1907 and M. megametrios Deblock and Rausch, 1968 and 4° Pseudospelotrema sp. n° 1. Morphological characteristics of these trematodes are described, with the exception of Pseudospelotrema sp. to be considered elsewhere.

A new dwarf species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura, Cycloramphidae) from the highlands of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

A new species of Proceratophrys is described from the highlands of northeastern Brazil. Molecular and morphological data suggests that Proceratophrys redacta sp. nov. is sister to P. minuta, and related to P. schirchi and P. cristiceps. The new species is diagnosed by its small size, absence of rostral and palpebral appendages, sagittal ridges interrupted, absence of postocular swellings, snout vertical in profile and dorsal coloration lacking distinct ocelli. The new species represents another example of endemism for the genus Proceratophrys in Chapada Diamantina region, and of another appendageless small-sized species associated with highlands. The phylogenetic results indicate that current morphological groupings in Proceratophrys may not represent natural groups.

XMM-Newton EPIC and OM observation of Nova Centauri 1986 (V842 Cen)

We report the results from the temporal and spectral analysis of an XMMNewton observation of Nova Centauri 1986 (V842 Cen). We detect a period at 3.51 +/- 0.4 h in the EPIC data and at 4.0 +/- 0.8 h in the Optical Monitor (OM) data. The X-ray spectrum is consistent with the emission from an absorbed thin thermal plasma with a temperature distribution given by an isobaric cooling flow. The maximum temperature of the cooling flow model is keV. Such a high temperature can be reached in a shocked region and, given the periodicity detected, most likely arises in a magnetically channelled accretion flow characteristic of intermediate polars. The pulsed fraction of the 3.51-h modulation decreases with energy as observed in the X-ray light curves of magnetic cataclysmic variables, possibly due either to occultation of the accretion column by the white dwarf body or phase-dependent to absorption. We do not find the 57-s white dwarf spin period, with a pulse amplitude of 4 mmag, reported by Woudt et al. in either the OM data, which are sensitive to pulse amplitudes ?0.03 mag, or the EPIC data, sensitive to pulse fractions p? 14 +/- 2 per cent.

The objectives of the US Exploring Expedition's circumnavigation (1838-1842): longitude, nautical charting and the establishment of modern geographic coordinates

This article analyzes the main objectives of the scientific voyage to circumnavigate the earth, undertaken by the United States from 1838 to 1842. Charting was one of the most important of the scientific and strategic goals of the exploratory voyage. The initiative for the undertaking was the search for exact positioning on the high seas after the establishment of the longitude system, when nautical charts and maps from various countries were compared, and other, new ones were drawn. The United States participated in this international effort, leading to the creation of its own cartographic system.

The peculiar isolated neutron star in the Carina Nebula Deep XMM-Newton and ESO-VLT observations of 2XMM J104608.7-594306

While fewer in number than the dominant rotation-powered radio pulsar population, peculiar classes of isolated neutron stars (INSs) which include magnetars, the ROSAT-discovered "Magnificent Seven" (M7), rotating radio transients (RRATs), and central compact objects in supernova remnants (CCOs) - represent a key element in understanding the neutron star phenomenology. We report the results of an observational campaign to study the properties of the source 2XMM J104608.7-594306, a newly discovered thermally emitting INS. The evolutionary state of the neutron star is investigated by means of deep dedicated observations obtained with the XMM-Newton Observatory, the ESO Very Large Telescope, as well as publicly available gamma-ray data from the Fermi Space Telescope and the AGILE Mission. The observations confirm previous expectations and reveal a unique type of object. The source, which is likely within the Carina Nebula (N-H = 2.6x10(21) cm(-2)), has a spectrum that is both thermal and soft, with kT(infinity) = 135 eV. Non-thermal (magnetospheric) emission is not detected down to 1% (3 sigma, 0.1-12 keV) of the source luminosity. Significant deviations (absorption features) from a simple blackbody model are identified in the spectrum of the source around energies 0.6 keV and 1.35 keV. While the former deviation is likely related to a local oxygen overabundance in the Carina Nebula, the latter can only be accounted for by an additional spectral component, which is modelled as a Gaussian line in absorption with EW = 91 eV and sigma = 0.14 keV (1 sigma). Furthermore, the optical counterpart is fainter than m(V) = 27 (2 sigma) and no gamma-ray emission is significantly detected by either the Fermi or AGILE missions. Very interestingly, while these characteristics are remarkably similar to those of the M7 or the only RRAT so far detected in X-rays, which all have spin periods of a few seconds, we found intriguing evidence of very rapid rotation, P = 18.6ms, at the 4 sigma confidence level. We interpret these new results in the light of the observed properties of the currently known neutron star population, in particular those of standard rotation-powered pulsars, recycled objects, and CCOs. We find that none of these scenarios can satisfactorily explain the collective properties of 2XMM J104608.7-594306, although it may be related to the still poorly known class of Galactic anti-magnetars. Future XMM-Newton data, granted for the next cycle of observations (AO11), will help us to improve our current observational interpretation of the source, enabling us to significantly constrain the rate of pulsar spin down.

Os objetivos da circunavegação da U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842): longitude, mapeamento náutico e instituição das coordenadas geográficas modernas

Analisa o principal objetivo da viagem científica de circunavegação realizada pelos EUA entre 1838 e 1842. A tarefa de mapeamento destaca-se entre outras metas científico-estratégicas da viagem exploratória. A iniciativa da empreitada foi movida pela busca da exata localização em alto-mar após a instituição do sistema de longitudes, quando cartas náuticas e mapas de vários países foram conferidos, e outros, novos, desenhados. Os EUA participaram desse esforço internacional, dando início à constituição de um sistema cartográfico próprio.

A sala de aula foi o meu mundo: a carreira do magistério em São Paulo (1920-1950)

Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, dá-se a implantação, a expansão e a estruturação do sistema público de ensino paulista republicano. A criação de uma rede de escolas impulsiona a organização da carreira docente pela necessidade de formação de professores capazes de tornar tal expansão mais eficiente. Nesse período, foi estabelecido um conjunto de leis que normatizavam o exercício da profissão, fazendo dos professores funcionários do Estado. Ao lado da organização do sistema educativo, portanto, foi-se organizando também a profissão docente. Objetiva-se, aqui, problematizar a carreira e o trabalho docente em São Paulo a partir da experiência e da trajetória da professora paulista Botyra Camorim, tomando seu itinerário como representativo, pois a identidade de uma classe, de uma profissão, não pode ser considerada evidente independentemente das trajetórias dos membros que a compõem. Nesse movimento, acompanhar os fios de tal itinerário particular, inserido em meadas de relações, permitiu perceber a multiplicidade das experiências docentes, a pluralidade dos contextos de referência e as tensões que configuram limites e possibilidades ao fazer cotidiano. O confronto de fontes primárias - autobiografias, romances e contos escritos por Botyra Camorim - com a legislação, textos de educadores e pesquisas evidenciou que não se deve perseguir apenas a uniformidade e a homogeneização dos professores, pois os significados atribuídos ao trabalho docente e os modos de vivenciá-lo ou executá-lo não são perenes, mas estão intimamente relacionados com as condições espaço-temporais de exercício da profissão.