异养微生物在金属生物淋滤技术中的应用

生物淋滤技术主要应用于低品位矿石金属选矿、煤气脱硫、废弃物中金属回收和污染介质中金属离子毒性的去除等方面。作为生物淋滤技术中的主体微生物之一,异养微生物可通过其产生的酸性代谢物还原、酸化及络合,提取或者溶解非硫化矿、固体废弃物、污水污泥及土壤中的金属,有助于解决目前的资源短缺问题,还可对污染环境治理提供技术支持,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。应用于异养微生物淋滤技术中的常见微生物包括细菌(以假单胞菌为主)和真菌(以曲霉菌和青霉菌应用最为广泛)。淋滤过程涉及酸解、络合、还原及碱化等。目前,异养微生物淋滤技术主要应用于生物冶金、固体废弃物处理、污水处理和污染土壤修复等。本文分析了异养微生物金属淋滤过程中的问题,并提出了未来研究的发展方向。

Self-assembly of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and a Ag-hmt coordination polymer into a porous structure

A novel porous material constructed from p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecules and a Ag-I coordination polymer has been structurally characterized. The porous supramolecular complex features a bilayer arrangement of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecules linked by a Ag-I-hmt (hmt: hexamethylene- tetramine) coordination polymer through metal-ligand bonding, hydrogen bonding and host-guest interactions.

A method to construct polyelectrolyte multilayers film containing gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles in polyelectrolyte multilayers film can be easily prepared by repeating immersion of a substrate in poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA)-AuCl4- complexes solution followed by reduction Au3+ through heating. UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to confirm the successful construction of the polyelectrolyte multilayers film and the formation of gold nanoparticles. The multilayers film shows electrocatalytic activity to dioxygen reduction.

Studies on charge transfer across the micro-liquid/liquid interface supported at a double-barrel micropipette

In this paper, the charge transfer across the micro-liquid/liquid interface supported at the orifice of a double-barrel micropipette, namely, a theta-pipette, is reported. Simple ion transfer(TMA(+)), facilitated ion transfer (potassium ion transfer facilitated by DB18C6), and electron transfer (ferrocene and ferri/ferrocyanide system) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental results show that a very thin aqueous film, linking both barrels filled with the aqueous solution and the organic solution respectively, can spontaneously be formed on the outer glass surface of such a double-barrel micropipette to construct a micro-liquid/liquid interface, which provides the asymmetry of diffusion field. Such device is demonstrated experimentally which can be employed as one of the simplest electrochemical cells to investigate the charge transfer across the liquid/liquid interface.

Synthesis and crystal structure of triphenyltin-2-(1,2-ethylenedithio) methylene-3-oxo-5-aryl-4-pentenicate

Nine triphenyltin - 2 - (1,2 - ethylenedithio) methylene - 3 - oxo - 5 - aryl - 4 - pentenicates were synthesized. The crystal structure of the title compound 3b (C33H28O3S2Sn) was determined by X - ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to triclinic system, space group P(1)overbar with a = 0.9074 (2) nm, b = 1.6809(3)nm, c = 2.1834(4)nm, alpha =77.57(3)degrees, beta = 88.04(3)degrees, gamma = 89.47(3)degrees, V = 3.2503nm(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0592. In crystal of 3b, there exist intramolecular 0-Sn coordination bonds, with carboxylate group acting as a bidentate ligand: Sn(1)-0(1) = 0.2086(5) and Sn(1)-0(2) = 0.2594nm, having a deformed trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

三苯基锡-2-(1,2-亚乙二硫)亚甲基-3-羰基-5-芳基-4-戊烯酸酯的合成及晶体结构

由2-(1,2-亚乙二硫)亚甲基-3-羰基-5-芳基-4-戊烯酸与三苯基氢氧化锡反应,合成了九个标题化合物3.用X射线衍射法测定了3b的晶体结构.该晶体属三斜晶系,空间群Pl,α=0.9074(2)nm,b=1.6809(3)nm,c=2.1834(4)nm,α=77.57(3)°,β=88.04(3)°,γ=89.47(3)°,V=3.2503nm~3,Z=2;R=0.0592.由锡氧原子间距离可推测,该晶体中羧酸根作为双齿配体与锡原子形成了分子内五配位结构.

含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成、结构与性质研究(Ⅲ)——分子结构对结晶的影响

以含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物为研究对象,利用DSC、WAXD、偏光显微镜等手段研究了分子结构对侧链液晶聚合物结晶行为的影响.结果表明:丙烯酸酯类液晶聚合物的晶区是由介晶基团的规整排列形成的,大分子主链和柔性间隔基不参与结晶.随着柔性间隔基长度的增加,晶区分子排列有序性提高,结晶度增大;非晶共聚组分MA含量的增加,限制了介晶基团的有序排列,当MA含量超过83％后,只得到非晶共聚物.

Screening of genes expressed in vivo after infection by Vibrio anguillarum M3

Aims: Genes uniquely expressed in vivo may contribute to the overall pathogenicity of an organism and are likely to serve as potential targets for the development of new vaccine. This study aims to screen the genes expressed in vivo after Vibrio anguillarum infection by in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT). Methods and Results: The convalescent-phase sera were obtained from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) survived after infection by the virulent V. anguillarum M3. The pooled sera were thoroughly adsorbed with M3 cells and Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. A genomic expression library of M3 was constructed and screened for the identification of immunogenic proteins by colony immunoblot analysis with the adsorbed sera. After three rounds of screening, 19 putative in vivo-induced (ivi) genes were obtained. These ivi genes were catalogued into four functional groups: regulator/signalling, metabolism, biological process and hypothetical proteins. Three ivi genes were insertion-mutated, and the growth and 50% lethal dose (LD50) of these mutants were evaluated. Conclusions: The identification of ivi genes in V. anguillarum M3 sheds light on understanding the bacterial pathogenesis and provides novel targets for the development of new vaccines and diagnostic reagents. Significance and Impact of the Study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing in vivo-expressed genes of V. anguillarum using IVIAT. The screened ivi genes in this study could be new virulent factors and targets for the development of vaccine, which may have implications for the development of diagnostic regents.

Partial characterization of the hemolytic activity of the nematocyst venom from the jellyfish Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye

Using a recently developed technique to extract jellyfish venom from nematocysts, the present study investigated the hemolytic activity of Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye nematocyst venom on chicken erythrocytes. Venom extract caused a significant concentration-dependent hemolytic effect. The extract could retain its activity at -80 degrees C but was unstable when kept at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for 2 days. The hemolytic activity was inhibited by heating within the range of 37-100 degrees C. The extract was active over a pH range of 5.0-8.63 and the pH optima for the extract was 7.8. Incubation of the venom with sphingomyelin specially inhibited hemolytic activity by up to 70%. Cu2+ and Mn2+ greatly reduced the hemolytic activity while Mg2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ produced a relatively low inhibiting effect on the hemolytic activity. Treatment with Ca2+ induced a concentration-dependent increase in the hemolytic activity. In the presence of 5 mM EDTA, all the hemolytic activity was lost, however, the venom containing 1.5 mM EDTA was stable in the long-term storage. PLA(2) activity was also found in the nematocyst venom of C. nozakii. These characteristics provide us a fundamental knowledge in the C. nozakii nematocyst venom which would benefit future research. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

活动构造区区域地壳稳定性研究——以金沙江水电梯级工程规划区为例

The study of regional crustal stability of active tectonic region basically includes analysis of recent activity of Earth's crust, single factor assessment, study of complexity, and comprehensive assessment of crust stability. In this thesis, some work are made as follows: · Based on abundant data from gravity field, aeromagnetic survey, magnetism, magnetotelluric deep sounding, remote sensing and geotectonic as well as earthquakes observed in recent years around this region and adjacent zones, we can get a through understanding about the structural features and activity of the earth's crust in Chuan-Dian region. The results from explosion earthquake and telluric electromagnetic sounding are consistent with the structural features of the crust manifested by the geophysical field. The data of deep geologic structures are important for us to work out a vivid three-dimensional model of the earth's crustal structure of the Jinsha River region. According to a synthesis, the author of this thesis proposes some indicators for dividing the faulted blocks. It can also be inferred that the movement of the Chuan-Dian faulted block, which is the relatively active part of southwestern China, is controlled by the boundary faults, and the intensive activity and deformation are concentrated along the boundaries of the block. · Mainly discussing respectively the mechanism and laws of active faults, earthquakes, and geological hazards activity, and their influences on the stability and security of engineering, also trying to probe into the way to assess the risk of single factor in this section. Especially with the method of fractal geometry, the thesis has discussed how to study the complexity of each factor. These geologic hazards which are distributed at the uppermost part of the crust in this region form a typical mountainous set of the active tectonic areas. The results of survey show that some slopes are liable- to -sliding with a weak layer of low shear strength. Occurrences of landslides are to a great extent related to local geological structures, in particular active faults. This is why numerous landslides have occurred simultaneously around the epicenter of a strong earthquake or the center of a strong rainfall, which are related to active faults. · The analysis of the crustal stability is based on a regional grid division, and a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method is used to determine the grade of the quality in each grid. The evaluation factors and their weights are taken from the results of the hierarchical analysis. The evaluation indexes consist of qualitative and quantitative ones. The qualitative ones can be quantified through the experts weighing system, while the quantitative ones can be obtained from statistical analysis. For quality grades, four levels are used: stable, essentially stable, sub-stable, and unstable. The results of the evaluation on Jinshajiang region demonstrate that the crustal stability become distinctly worse in the areas controlled by active deep faults. Therefore, detailed investigations on the active faulting and geologic hazards, include earthquake activity are especially necessary for those areas adjacent to the deep fault belts. On the bases of the data available and the survey results, we have made a preliminary assessment for the construction conditions and adaptability of every planned site in the middle or lower reaches of Jinsha River. Finally, the thesis prospected the vista of the study of crustal stability.

吐合盆地鲁克沁构造带断块油藏形成机制及油藏预测

Lukeqin arc belt is a compound structure generated by multi-movements and composed of 6 sub-structural zones, which are connected by Huoyanshan Mountain. General characteristics of the arc belt are multi-patterns of structure, multi-phases for petroleum, multi-types of trap and multi-layers for reservoirs. As a part of the eastern Lukeqin arc belt located on the south of Taibei depression, Lukeqin structural zone behaves as a complex faulted-fold zone, in which the formation and distribution of hydrocarbons are controlled by structures. As the dominant source of dynamics for the second migration of hydrocarbon, structure stress field is closely related with the potentials of hydrodynamics. Results derived from the simulations of stress field by finite element method indicate that the northwest tending faults prefer seal to the northeast tending ones. The reason is that the northwest tending faults were squeezed more strongly than the northeast tending ones. Therefor, the northeast tending faults become always the paths for oil to migrate southeastward. Lukeqin structural zone is the main site for oil to concentration because it is surrounded by high stress. Situated on the front of the foreland basin of Turpan-Hami, Lukeqing arc belt is a dam to hold back the southward migrating oil from Shengbei depression. The axis line of Shenquan-Shengnan-Yanmuxi, Lukeqin and Yubei controls the migrating paths and concentrating process of oil and gas. Results derived from stress simulation and structure analyses indicate consistently that both Yubei and Lukeqin structural zones are the favorite areas for oil to migrate. The generally southward paths for oil to migrate out of Taibei depression can be two ways. One of them is from Taibei depression to Yubei structural zone and the other is from Taibei depression to Lukeqin structural zone. By the both ways, oil migrated upward along the faults and southeastward along the structural axis to concentrate in either Permian or Triassic system. The newly ascertained path for oil migration, which is accurately southeastward instead of coarsely southward, indicates the directions for further explorations on the compound Lukeqin block zone. Five kinds of seal models of fault are all found in Lukeqin block zone by studying the seal features of faults occurred in the zone. Having studied the fault seal and their controlling factors by fuzzy set method, the paper deems that the northwest tended faults are better than the northeast tended ones for oil to concentrate. The most important factors to decide the seal extent of faults in this zone are the characteristics of main stress and fluids instead of capillary pressure differences between the two sides of fault and smear mud factors. There exist seal differences not only between the faults of different time but also between the sections within a fault due to the variation of depths, strata and positions. The general distribution rules of reservoirs were dominated by the seal characteristics of a fault during the time reservoirs formed. While the current features of fault seal decide the conservation of reservoirs and heights of oil accumulations. Seal or not of a fault is not absolute because the essential for fault to seal is the distribution of permeability of fault zone. Therefor, the multi cyclical activities of faults create the space-time variation of seal features of the fault. Totally, the seal extent of the faults within the area is not as perfect as to accumulate ordinary crude. Crude oil can only be sealed when it becomes viscous. Process for crude oil to become viscous and viscous happened strongly because of the fault-fold movements. Shallowly burying and even revealing of the objective layers of the reservoirs made the crude oil to be thickened by water washing biologically degradation and oxidation degradation. The northwestward deepening during or after the reservoir formation of the structural zone provided the power for oil to migrate one or more times. The main reason for oil accumulation is the formation of Lukeqin block zone during Xishanyao stage, middle Jurassic Period, Early Yanshanian Movement. While the main reason for reservoir conservation is the placidity of Triassic blocks after the formation of reservoirs. Contrasting to former opinions, it is concluded that the reservoirs in Lukeqin zone, including viscous reservoirs, were formed by one time but not more times. So the author proposes the opinion that the reservoirs of viscous oil were formed by viscous oil migration under the conditions of aptitude sets of fault seals controlled by fluid and other factors. To grope the distribution rules outside Taibei depression and discuss the formation mechanism of Anjurassic reservoirs, it is necessary to study the dominate factors for the formation of reservoirs in Lukeqin structural zone such as structural stress, fault seals and thickening mechanism of crude oil. Also, the necessary studies are the key to break through the Taibei depression and Anjurassic systems. Therefor, they are significant for the future exploration and reserve increasing of hydrocarbon within the Turpan-Hami basin. The paper studied the distribution rules of block reservoirs and forecasted the favorable zones for further exploration in Turpan-Hami basin. Conclusions can be useful for not only the exploration in the area but also the theory consult in the adjacent areas.

Plano de Gestão do Conhecimento para a Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite - 2005-2008: concepção, argumentação e implementação.

2005