Forms of the Postmodern Historical Novel : Christoph Ransmayr, Daniel Kehlmann, Wolfgang Hildesheimer

L’émergence du postmodernisme aux Etats-unis, mouvement esthétique rejetant les dogmes modernistes, date des années 1960. En s’imposant, durant les dernières décennies du 20ème siècle, comme le paradigme esthétique de l’architecture, des arts et de la littérature, le postmodernisme a également créé les conditions propres à une renaissance du roman historique. Cependant, la fiction historique postmoderne constitue maintenant une nouvelle forme du genre basée sur la parodie, l’ironie et le scepticisme envers les discours dominants. Cette nouvelle forme ne se limite plus à la présentation des récits dans un cadre historique réaliste. Elle remet plutôt en question la validité et par conséquent la nature même du discours historique, problématisant et mettant ainsi à l’avant le processus d’interprétation et de reconstruction du passé. Dans cette optique, la fiction historique contemporaine reflète les débats actuels sur les formes de l’historiographie, débats lancés par Hayden White. Dans les années 1980, la fiction historique a de nouveau fleuri dans l'espace culturel allemand tout comme ailleurs. Le présent mémoire analyse des formes postmodernes de la fiction historique en se basant sur trois romans historiques de langue allemande parus entre 1981 et 2005: Die Schrecken des Eises und der Finsternis de Christoph Ransmayr, Die Vermessung der Welt de Daniel Kehlmann et Marbot : Eine Biographie de Wolfgang Hildesheimer. L’analyse s'appuie sur divers modèles de la fiction postmoderne, en particulier sur le schéma de catégorisation du roman historique élaboré par Ansgar Nünning. Le mémoire montre dans quelle mesure ces romans appliquent des moyens stylistiques typiques pour le postmodernisme et portent un regard critique ou comique sur l’histoire et la culture allemande et autrichienne.

Une mémoire oublieuse : théorie et pratique de l'énonciation de l'acteur chez Larry Tremblay, Daniel Danis et Christian Lapointe

Prenant appui sur l’occultation de la mémoire verbale par la théorie théâtrale actuelle, le présent mémoire questionne l’exercice mémoriel des acteurs contemporains à partir de la dialectique mémoire/oubli dans les théories et pratiques de l’énonciation de Larry Tremblay, de Daniel Danis et de Christian Lapointe. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse aux fondements de l’énonciation privilégiés par les praticiens dans leurs discours théoriques – Le crâne des théâtres (Tremblay), « La mémoire intime au théâtre » (Danis), « Petit guide de l’apparition à l’usage de ceux qu’on ne voit pas » (Lapointe) –, plus précisément à la valeur accordée à la mémorisation verbale. Le deuxième s’attache à montrer que les textes dramatiques des auteurs-metteurs en scène – The Dragonfly of Chicoutimi (Tremblay), Mille anonymes (Danis), Sepsis (Lapointe) – engagent aussi un rapport oblique à l’apprentissage par cœur. Enfin, le troisième cherche à définir la notion de mémoire oublieuse à la lumière de laquelle les théories et les pratiques de Tremblay, de Danis et de Lapointe peuvent être analysées ainsi qu’à en identifier certaines conséquences dans leurs mises en scène.

Forms of the Postmodern Historical Novel : Christoph Ransmayr, Daniel Kehlmann, Wolfgang Hildesheimer

L’émergence du postmodernisme aux Etats-unis, mouvement esthétique rejetant les dogmes modernistes, date des années 1960. En s’imposant, durant les dernières décennies du 20ème siècle, comme le paradigme esthétique de l’architecture, des arts et de la littérature, le postmodernisme a également créé les conditions propres à une renaissance du roman historique. Cependant, la fiction historique postmoderne constitue maintenant une nouvelle forme du genre basée sur la parodie, l’ironie et le scepticisme envers les discours dominants. Cette nouvelle forme ne se limite plus à la présentation des récits dans un cadre historique réaliste. Elle remet plutôt en question la validité et par conséquent la nature même du discours historique, problématisant et mettant ainsi à l’avant le processus d’interprétation et de reconstruction du passé. Dans cette optique, la fiction historique contemporaine reflète les débats actuels sur les formes de l’historiographie, débats lancés par Hayden White. Dans les années 1980, la fiction historique a de nouveau fleuri dans l'espace culturel allemand tout comme ailleurs. Le présent mémoire analyse des formes postmodernes de la fiction historique en se basant sur trois romans historiques de langue allemande parus entre 1981 et 2005: Die Schrecken des Eises und der Finsternis de Christoph Ransmayr, Die Vermessung der Welt de Daniel Kehlmann et Marbot : Eine Biographie de Wolfgang Hildesheimer. L’analyse s'appuie sur divers modèles de la fiction postmoderne, en particulier sur le schéma de catégorisation du roman historique élaboré par Ansgar Nünning. Le mémoire montre dans quelle mesure ces romans appliquent des moyens stylistiques typiques pour le postmodernisme et portent un regard critique ou comique sur l’histoire et la culture allemande et autrichienne.

Une mémoire oublieuse : théorie et pratique de l'énonciation de l'acteur chez Larry Tremblay, Daniel Danis et Christian Lapointe

Prenant appui sur l’occultation de la mémoire verbale par la théorie théâtrale actuelle, le présent mémoire questionne l’exercice mémoriel des acteurs contemporains à partir de la dialectique mémoire/oubli dans les théories et pratiques de l’énonciation de Larry Tremblay, de Daniel Danis et de Christian Lapointe. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse aux fondements de l’énonciation privilégiés par les praticiens dans leurs discours théoriques – Le crâne des théâtres (Tremblay), « La mémoire intime au théâtre » (Danis), « Petit guide de l’apparition à l’usage de ceux qu’on ne voit pas » (Lapointe) –, plus précisément à la valeur accordée à la mémorisation verbale. Le deuxième s’attache à montrer que les textes dramatiques des auteurs-metteurs en scène – The Dragonfly of Chicoutimi (Tremblay), Mille anonymes (Danis), Sepsis (Lapointe) – engagent aussi un rapport oblique à l’apprentissage par cœur. Enfin, le troisième cherche à définir la notion de mémoire oublieuse à la lumière de laquelle les théories et les pratiques de Tremblay, de Danis et de Lapointe peuvent être analysées ainsi qu’à en identifier certaines conséquences dans leurs mises en scène.

Questions Anthropologiques et Phénoménologie – Autour du travail de Daniel Giovannangeli

Livro de acta de homenagem ao Prof. Daniel Giovannangeli, sobre as temáticas que trabalhou, desde a fenomenologia até a antropologia

Melhoria da Atenção à Prevenção e Controle do Câncer de Colo de Útero e de Mama da Uesf João Daniel Damasceno, Acrelândia/AC

YSALGUÉ, Nolaisy Cremé. Melhoria da Atenção à Prevenção e Controle do Câncer de Colo de Útero e de Mama da UESF João Daniel Damasceno, Acrelândia / AC. 87f. – Trabalho de conclusão de curso Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde de Família - Modalidade à Distância. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. Os cânceres de colo de útero e mama apresentam alta incidência e mortalidade no mundo e no Brasil. O trabalho de conclusão de curso apresenta uma intervenção em Atenção Primária à Saúde realizada nos meses de fevereiro a junho do ano 2015, na UESF João Daniel Damasceno, Acrelândia, Acre, Brasil, visando ampliar a cobertura e a qualidade do rastreamento destes canceres no serviço. As ações englobaram monitoramento e avaliação; qualificação da prática clínica; engajamento público e organização e gestão do Serviço. Na intervenção, sintonizamos com as orientações do Ministério da Saúde, sendo utilizadas a ficha espelho e a planilha de coleta de dados. Informações Pre-intervenção foram coletadas, mostrando-se coberturas por estimativa em 87 (76%) para Câncer de Mama e 264 (55%) para Câncer de Colo, apresentando registros irregulares, sem monitoramento das usuárias. 176 citopatológicos em dia (67%) e 39 exames de mamografia em dia (45%). A Unidade de Saúde localizada na zona rural do município, tem uma população de 20301 usuários, 448 mulheres na faixa etária de 25-69 anos e 114 mulheres de 50-69 anos. No primeiro mês da intervenção acompanhamos 34 (7,6%) mulheres com exame citopatológico em dia, no mês 2, obteve-se 68 (15,2%), no tecer mês, 70 usuárias (15,6%) e no quarto mês, 111 (24,8%). Quanto ao rastreamento de câncer de mama, no primeiro mês cinco usuárias (4,4%) tiveram exame em dia. Alcançamos 11 usuárias (9,6%) no segundo mês. No terceiro mês se manteve 11 usuárias (9,6%). O quarto mês, 15 exames de mamografia em dia, representando 13,2%. Usuárias com amostra satisfatória do exame citopatológico foram de 13 (38,2%) no primeiro mês, 46 (67,6%) no segundo mês, 46 usuárias (65,7%) no terceiro mês e no quarto 85 mulheres, o que representou 76,6%. No transcurso da intervenção, não identificamos usuárias com mamografia alterada, nem exame de citopatológico que não retornaram na UBS. Não precisando a busca ativa destas usuárias faltosas, mantendo em zero os indicadores nos quatro meses da intervenção. Conseguimos manter registros adequados de exame citopatológico de 16 usuárias no mês 1 (42,1%), 44 (60,3%) no mês 2, 45 usuárias no mês 3 (60%) e, no quarto mês, 84 das usuárias tinham registros adequados, representando (70%). No caso das mamografias tiveram registros adequados, 4 usuárias no mês 1 (50%), 9 no mês 2 e 3 representando (45% e 42%) respectivamente, terminando no mês 4 com 12 usuárias (34,3%). A intervenção desenvolveu e fortaleceu o trabalho em equipe, permitindo maior qualificação deste. Conseguiu mudanças no processo de trabalho e oferecer um atendimento mais qualificado. A comunidade percebe a importância desta ação programática, sendo já um atendimento mais integral, regular e contínuo. Palavras-chave: saúde da família; saúde da mulher; programas de rastreamento; neoplasias do colo do útero; neoplasias da mama.

Egfr Activating Mutations And Their Association With Response To Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy In Brazilian Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer patients and to correlate these mutations with response to benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our cohort consisted of prospective patients with NSCLCs who received chemotherapy (platinum derivates plus paclitaxel) at the [UNICAMP], Brazil. EGFR exons 18-21 were analyzed in tumor-derived DNA. Fifty patients were included in the study (25 with adenocarcinoma). EGFR mutations were identified in 6/50 (12 %) NSCLCs and in 6/25 (24 %) adenocarcinomas; representing the frequency of EGFR mutations in a mostly self-reported White (82.0 %) southeastern Brazilian population of NSCLCs. Patients with NSCLCs harboring EGFR exon 19 deletions or the exon 21 L858R mutation were found to have a higher chance of response to platinum-paclitaxel (OR 9.67 [95 % CI 1.03-90.41], p = 0.047). We report the frequency of EGFR activating mutations in a typical southeastern Brazilian population with NSCLC, which are similar to that of other countries with Western European ethnicity. EGFR mutations seem to be predictive of a response to platinum-paclitaxel, and additional studies are needed to confirm or refute this relationship.

Desorption/ionization Efficiencies Of Triacylglycerols And Phospholipids Via Easi-ms.

Knowledge of the major effects governing desorption/ionization efficiency is required for the development and application of ambient mass spectrometry. Although all triacylglycerols (TAG) have the same favorable protonation and cationization sites, their desorption/ionization efficiencies can vary dramatically during easy ambient sonic-spray ionization because of structural differences in the carbon chain. To quantify this somewhat surprising and drastic effect, we have performed a systematic investigation of desorption/ionization efficiencies as a function of unsaturation and length for TAG as well as for diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and several phospholipids (PL). Affinities for Na(+) as a function of unsaturation level have also been assayed via comprehensive metadynamics calculations to understand the influence of this phenomenon on the ionization efficiency. The results suggest that dipole-dipole interactions within a carbon chain tuned by unsaturation sites govern ionization efficiency of TAG and PL.

Evaluation Of Different Treatment Methods Against Denture Stomatitis: A Randomized Clinical Study.

The aim of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) against denture stomatitis (DS). Fifty patients with DS were randomly assigned into 3 groups to receive 2% miconazole, placebo, or 2% U tomentosa gel. DS level was recorded immediately, after 1 week of treatment, and 1 week after treatment. The clinical effectiveness of each treatment was measured using Newton's criteria. Mycologic samples from palatal mucosa and prosthesis were obtained to determinate colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and fungal identification at each evaluation period. Candida species were identified with HiCrome Candida and API 20C AUX biochemical test. DS severity decreased in all groups (P < .05). A significant reduction in number of CFU/mL after 1 week (P < .05) was observed for all groups and remained after 14 days (P > .05). C albicans was the most prevalent microorganism before treatment, followed by C tropicalis, C glabrata, and C krusei, regardless of the group and time evaluated. U tomentosa gel had the same effect as 2% miconazole gel. U tomentosa gel is an effective topical adjuvant treatment for denture stomatitis.

Efficacy Of Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic Acid Associated With Chlorhexidine On Intracanal Medication Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 17% ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) used alone or associated with 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) on intracanal medications (ICM) removal. Sixty single-rooted human teeth with fully formed apex were selected. The cervical and middle thirds of each canal were prepared with Gates Glidden drills and rotary files. The apical third was shaped with hand files. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups depending on the ICM used after instrumentation: calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)(2) +CHX or Ca(OH)(2) +sterile saline (SS). After seven days, each group was divided into subgroups according to the protocol used for ICM removal: instrumentation and irrigation either with EDTA, CHX+EDTA, or SS (control groups). All specimens were sectioned and processed for observation of the apical thirds by using scanning electron microscopy. Two calibrated evaluators attributed scores to each specimen. The differences between the protocols for ICM removal were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for comparison between the score of debris obtained in each root canal third. Remains of Ca(OH)(2) were found in all specimens independently of the protocol and ICM used (P > 0.05). Seventeen percent EDTA showed the best results in removing ICM when used alone (P < 0.05), particularly in those associated with CHX. It was concluded that the chelating agent 17% EDTA significantly improved the removal of ICM when used alone. Furthermore, the type of the vehicle associated with Ca(OH)(2) also plays a role in the ICM removal.

Utilization Of (15)no3 (-) By Nodulated Soybean Plants Under Conditions Of Root Hypoxia.

Waterlogging of soils is common in nature. The low availability of oxygen under these conditions leads to hypoxia of the root system impairing the development and productivity of the plant. The presence of nitrate under flooding conditions is regarded as being beneficial towards tolerance to this stress. However, it is not known how nodulated soybean plants, cultivated in the absence of nitrate and therefore not metabolically adapted to this compound, would respond to nitrate under root hypoxia in comparison with non-nodulated plants grown on nitrate. A study was conducted with (15)N labelled nitrate supplied on waterlogging for a period of 48 h using both nodulated and non-nodulated plants of different physiological ages. Enrichment of N was found in roots and leaves with incorporation of the isotope in amino acids, although to a much smaller degree under hypoxia than normoxia. This demonstrates that nitrate is taken up under hypoxic conditions and assimilated into amino acids, although to a much lesser extent than for normoxia. The similar response obtained with nodulated and non-nodulated plants indicates the rapid metabolic adaptation of nodulated plants to the presence of nitrate under hypoxia. Enrichment of N in nodules was very much weaker with a distinct enrichment pattern of amino acids (especially asparagine) suggesting that labelling arose from a tissue source external to the nodule rather than through assimilation in the nodule itself.

Molecular And Morphological Evidence Reveals A New Species In The Phyllomedusa Hypochondrialis Group (hylidae, Phyllomedusinae) From The Atlantic Forest Of The Highlands Of Southern Brazil.

The taxonomic status of a disjunctive population of Phyllomedusa from southern Brazil was diagnosed using molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approaches, which resulted in the recognition of a new species of the P. hypochondrialis group. Here, we describe P. rustica sp. n. from the Atlantic Forest biome, found in natural highland grassland formations on a plateau in the south of Brazil. Phylogenetic inferences placed P. rustica sp. n. in a subclade that includes P. rhodei + all the highland species of the clade. Chromosomal morphology is conservative, supporting the inference of homologies among the karyotypes of the species of this genus. Phyllomedusa rustica is apparently restricted to its type-locality, and we discuss the potential impact on the strategies applied to the conservation of the natural grassland formations found within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome in southern Brazil. We suggest that conservation strategies should be modified to guarantee the preservation of this species.

Anxiety-like Effects Of Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine In Paradoxically Sleep-deprived Mice.

Chlorophenylpiperazines (CPP) are psychotropic drugs used in nightclub parties and are frequently used in a state of sleep deprivation, a condition which can potentiate the effects of psychoactive drugs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep rebound (RB) on anxiety-like measures in mCPP-treated mice using the open field test. We first optimized our procedure by performing dose-effect curves and examining different pretreatment times in naïve male Swiss mice. Subsequently, a separate cohort of mice underwent paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for 24 or 48h. In the last experiment, immediately after the 24h-PSD period, mice received an injection of saline or mCPP, but their general activity was quantified in the open field only after the RB period (24 or 48h). The dose of 5mgmL(-1) of mCPP was the most effective at decreasing rearing behavior, with peak effects 15min after injection. PSD decreased locomotion and rearing behaviors, thereby inhibiting a further impairment induced by mCPP. Plasma concentrations of mCPP were significantly higher in PSD 48h animals compared to the non-PSD control group. Twenty-four hours of RB combined with mCPP administration produced a slight reduction in locomotion. Our results show that mCPP was able to significantly change the behavior of naïve, PSD, and RB mice. When combined with sleep deprivation, there was a higher availability of drug in plasma levels. Taken together, our results suggest that sleep loss can enhance the behavioral effects of the potent psychoactive drug, mCPP, even after a period of rebound sleep.

A Brazilian Original Pedagogical Approach To The Teaching Of Neurology.

The two-arm Clinical Decisions/Diagnostic Workshop (CD/DW) approach to undergraduate medical education has been successfully used in Brazil. Present the CD/DW approach to the teaching of stroke, with the results of its pre-experimental application and of a comparative study with the traditional lecture-case discussion approach. Application of two questionnaires (opinion and Knowledge-Attitudes-Perceptions-KAP) to investigate the non-inferiority of the CD/DW approach. The method was well accepted by teachers and students alike, the main drawback being the necessarily long time for its completion by the students, a feature that may better cater for different educational needs. The comparative test showed the CD/DW approach to lead to slightly higher cognitive acquisition as opposed to the traditional method, clearly showing its non-inferiority status. The CD/DW approach seems to be another option for teaching neurology in undergraduate medical education, with the bonus of respecting each learner`s time.