O aluno surdo em classe regular: concepções e práticas dos professores

Le texte se rapporte à une recherche sur les conceptions d enseignants concernant l inclusion scolaire d élèves sourds , et leurs ralations avec les pratiques qu ils développent dans les classe régulières. Elle a été conduite dans une école publique régulière appartenant à la commune de Assu RN, et dont le choix méthodologique a été une approche qualitative, du genre ethnographyque. La construction des données devient d un processus d observation, de l application d entretiens demi-structurés et de l analyse de documents, ayant pour sujets quatre enseignants des années initiales de l enseignement fondamental. L apport théorique de base a été la théorie socio-culturelle proposée par Vygotsky (2003 ; 2005), censée traduire la compréhension de l homme dans sa dimension historique et culturelle, et mettre en évidence l interaction sociale en tant que condition pour le développement des individus. Les données font connaître que les enseignants sujets de la recherche sont favorables à l inclusion scolaire des élèves sourds dans les classes régulières, néanmoins soulignent le besoin d un changement à l école pour que l inclusion devienne une réalité. Les enseignants sont d avis que l apprentissage des élèves sourds se fait d une façon qui met trop de temps, moyennant l utilisation de recours spécifiques, tels que l usage du langage des signes (Libras). Ils signalent les difficultés qu ils doivent faire face quand il s agit de travailler pédagogiquement avec ces élèves dans le quotidien, telles que : manque d un travail collectif à l école ; besoin d une formation spécialisée ; démonstration de sentiments de peur, ou préjugés de la part de quelques uns du personnel de l école , tout celà interférant directement dans leurs attitudes et leurs actions faces aux élèves ; manque d appui des instances administratives de l école ; absence de politiques consistentes pour guider l éducation sous un regard inclusif. Quant aux pratiques pédagogiques développées à l école, la recherche laisse voir que, par rapport à la présence des élèves sourds, très peu d adaptations y ont été introduites, d où se dégage que la planification des actions éducatives à l école se tourne, prioritairement, vers les élèves qui écoutent, c est-à-dire, vers un groupe apparemment homogène. On a constaté, en plus, qu il n existe pas à l école aucun professionnel habilité pour l établissement d un processus de communication avec les élèves sourds. Malgré ces difficultés, les enseignants avouent, quand même, que travailler avec ces élèves rapporte toujours des bénéfices, tels que la collaboration et le respect mutuels chez les élèves, l acquisition de nouveaux savoirs et l amélioration de la pratique pédagogique des enseignants

Infecções cutâneas e acidentes por animais traumatizantes e venenosos ocorridos em aquários comerciais e domésticos no Brasil: descrição de 18 casos e revisão do tema

FUNDAMENTOS: O aquarismo a cada dia ganha novos adeptos no Brasil. Impulsionado por belos peixes e objetos de decoração, o hábito pode trazer problemas como infecções e envenenamentos por diversos animais. OBJETIVOS: Demonstração dos animais causadores e dos quadros clínicos envolvidos com estes acidentes, das infecções cutâneas encontradas após traumas e das medidas terapêuticas e preventivas para controle do problema, pouco conhecido pela população em geral. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se um estudo prospectivo para a detecção de acidentes por animais e infecções ocorridas após traumas em aquários. Estes dados serviram de base para um estudo epidemiológico, clínico e terapêutico sobre o problema. RESULTADOS: em cerca de 300 acidentes por animais aquáticos, 12 ou 4% do total foram causados por animais venenosos em aquários. Cinco infecções bacterianas e uma fúngica foram identificadas após traumas em aquários. CONCLUSÕES: Os acidentes em aquários domésticos e comerciais são relativamente comuns e podem acarretar infecções cutâneas e ferimentos por animais venenosos ou traumatizantes. Os proprietários de aquários na maioria das vezes não têm informações sobre estes acidentes. Os autores fornecem as espécies de microorganismos e animais mais freqüentemente envolvidas com ferimentos e as medidas terapêuticas e preventivas adequadas ao manejo do problema.

A pintura de quadratura landiana em Belém do Pará

Na segunda metade do século XVIII, Belém viveu um momento de grande expansão econômica, o que se refletiu positivamente na arquitetura, quando foram construídos imponentes templos religiosos no atual centro histórico, dentre os quais a igreja de São João Batista. Esta pesquisa analisou tecnologicamente a pintura de quadratura realizada pelo arquiteto Antonio Landi no interior da igreja de São João Batista, em Belém do Pará, para identificar a tinta utilizada na rara pintura do século XVIII, uma vez que o quadraturista disse ter utilizado em seus trabalhos o pigmento extraído da Arrabidaea chica (H & B) Verlot, popularmente conhecida como carajiru; os processos de alteração sofridos por ela e, assim, obter subsídios para a sua conservação e restauração. O estudo foi realizado em etapas: na primeira, foi feita uma pesquisa histórica envolvendo a literatura sobre as tintas, pigmentos e corantes do período colonial amazônico, utilizados na arquitetura religiosa; sobre a contribuição das ordens religiosas na decoração dos templos; sobre a formação e as atividades de Landi em Belém, e sobre a técnica de pintura denominada de quadratura. Na mesma etapa foi realizado um mapeamento dos danos na pintura e medidos o padrão de cores, por colorimetria, e a temperatura da parede pintada, com câmera de infravermelho. A etapa seguinte foi a investigação laboratorial, que consistiu em analisar a tinta usada por Landi na pintura e o pigmento extraído do carajiru, em microscópio ótico, em microscópio eletrônico de varredura, em difratômetro de raios-X e em espectrômetro de infravermelho. Os resultados possibilitaram a identificação e comparação dos materiais utilizados na pintura de quadratura. E por último, realizou-se um ensaio com a tinta produzida a partir do pigmento extraído do carajiru. A pesquisa histórica contribuiu para o entendimento das tintas, pigmentos e corantes e técnicas de pintura e a interdisciplinaridade facilitou a condução dos procedimentos tecnológicos, permitindo a elaboração de diagnósticos que servem para estabelecer medidas de conservação preventiva e propostas de futuras intervenções de restauro.

Proposta de aproveitamento de resíduos de uma indústria moveleira para produção de chapas de revestimento decorativo

Industrial activity is growing at an increasingly rapid accelerated bringing impacts not very consistent with the preservation of the environment, since it uses its resources to meet its countless demands, making the sources begin to become increasingly scarce. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of waste a furniture industry for the production of panels for the interior decoration. Were used to manufacture them, two different types of materials, where such, the Kraft paper is more efficient for the underpinnings of these panels. Regarding the type of glue used, the contact yielded better results. The initial conditions for the development of such a proposal were based on existing laws for solid waste as well as proposals for environmental agencies

Cenografia teatral: uma análise dos aspectos cênicos da peça Bê-a-Bá Brasil - memória, sonho e fantasia

The main objective of this project step is the evolution of scenery matter on the occidental theater media, related to space and technical possibilities of the theatrical building and space on history of contemporary arts. The main point is that scenery must communicate with a specific matter. Something in touch with the plot speeches. Something that makes all the plot elements to communicate. Acting has an specific message to deliver, and that message is what really matter to the viewer of the show. “It’s never late to state that scenery is not a decoration, or just an interior composition. Scenery is not a painting or a sculpture: it’s an integrated art form. It’s never too repetitive to say that scenery is a result from the composition with lights, shadows, shapes, lines and volumes, in balance and on harmony as a whole, that create movement and contrast” (Dias, 2001) On the second step of the project, the objective is to analyze the building process and the scenery aspects of the “Be-a-bá Brasil” show, using illustrations, pictures and analysis data of the context the show was inserted on

A flexible lab-on-a-chip for the synthesis and magnetic separation of magnetite decorated with gold nanoparticles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anatomia de espécies brasileiras de Eriocaulaceae: Comanthera e Syngonanthus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O uso místico da jóia: amuletos de proteção infantil no século XVII

Since the beginning of time man has used body ornaments, often-simple element of decoration, passing by the object ritualistic and religious icon, also as a symbol to the demonstration of status and power. Many of these objects have survived to today, but the vast majority is lost in time or was dismantled to reuse the material in new jewelry. The history of jewelry uses the pieces that have survived intact, documents and images of those jewels. This work uses of Visual Arts, more specifically the portrait art of, to analyze the mystical amulets of child`s protection jewel in works of painters Juan Pantoja dela Cruz and Diego Velásquez.

Origamic design: uma nova forma de desenvolver produtos

During a long time, origami was associated with decoration and craft production of ornaments and figures. However, in the end of 20th century, it began to be studied by mathematicians who were looking for interrelationships between this art and science. Through disciplines like geometry, trigonometry, calculation and linear algebra, they generated a set of axioms and theorems that became possible specific conversion of origami in computational geometry and the development of several softwares. Thus, origami began to be applied in engineering and design studies of innovative product and the term “origamics” was created to demonstrate its interdisciplinary nature. In this article will be presented some works exploring the constructive principles of origami to contribute with the diffusion of origamics. In this way more professionals will be able to understand the scientific and technological potential of this art.

Construção, aplicação e análise de proposta de formação continuada de professores para o ensino de história a alunos com deficiência intelectual

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Les ornements dans l'architecture: comment préserver la mémoire du travail des artisans et des artists

This paper deals with one aspecto f a survey which has been carried out for my doctorate thesis, and with parto f what I have studied within the thematic Project FAPESP concerning the presence of foreign professional in São Paulo, coordinated by Prof. Dr. Ana Lúcia Duarte Lanna, between 2007 and 2011. My purpose is, starting from those thoughts , top ut in evidence the potential of sources and reports relating to the work porocesses of craftsmen and artists decorators linked with the environment of architectural practeces and the decoration of interiors in the first half of the XXth century. That preoccupation has accompanied me since the beginnings of my doctorate work, devoted to the study of the production, the circulation and the modes of appropriation of ornaments in teh field of architecture.

Studio analitico della cultura materiale fra VII e IX secolo d.C. nella Regione di Samarcanda (Uzbekistan): analisi morfo-tipologica, produzione e commercio della ceramica di Kafir Kala

Kafir Kala is a key-site to understand the historical dynamics of the Samarkand Region in the Early Middle Ages (5th - 8th centuries CE). The site is clearly associated with a Sogdian occupation, as both literature and archaeological research testify. But the chronological phase that follows the Sogdian period, as the Islamic occupation became stable, is still little known. Structures and finds (an hoard of 133 silver coins, in particular) clearly testify a new occupation of some parts of the citadel; and some rooms, dug in the northern side of it, present structures and materials connected with an Islamic activity. The study of material culture from these rooms, and from more ancient contexts, will help to understand the eventual continuity of traditions and the new productions. Besides the citadel, as a matter of fact, also some kilns have been dug, near the main site. Their material culture is very interesting because it represents an example of the typical Sogdian production (ceramics covered with white mica, and stamped). The work on the ceramic material has consisted in cataloguing and classifying all the diagnostics. Three main morphological classes have been individuated: cooking, coarse and table ware), and some other ones (lamps, ossuaries). A catalogue of the finds organized them in a typological system based on their morphology, function, fabric, and eventually decoration style. Crossing the stratigraphical data with information from this typological study, it has been possible to provide a chronological arrangement of the sites investigated by the italo-uzbek archaeological mission from 2001 to 2008.

La città di Trento tra Tardo Antico e Alto Medio Evo: la genesi della città medievale e lo spazio del sacro.

Lo scavo della chiesa di Santa MAria Maggiore ha permesso di acquisire nuove importanti informazioni sulla storia della città di Trento, sulla città tardo antica e sul processo di cristianizzazione. Il primo impianto ecclesiastico, datato a dopo la metà del V d. C. secolo, sorge su un precedente impianto termale realizzato intorno al II secolo d. C. ed appare caratterizzato da un forte carattere monumentale. La chiesa, a tre navate, presentava un presbiterio rialzato decorato in una prima fase da un opus sectile poi sostituito nel VI secolo da un mosaico policromo. Sono state rinvenute inoltre, parti consistenti della decorazione architettonica di fine VIII secolo pertinente questo stesso impianto che non subirà importanti modifiche fino alla realizzazione del successivo edificio di culto medievale, meno esteso e dai caratteri decisamente meno monumentali, caratterizzato dalla presenza di un esteso campo cimiteriale rinvenuto a nord della chiesa. A questo impianto ne succede un terzo, probabilmente a due navate, e dalla ricca decorazione pittorica demolito in età tardo rinascimentale per la realizzazione della chiesa attuale.

La committenza artistica dei Templari e degli Ospitalieri in Emilia Romagna

La tesi di dottorato La committenza artistica dei Templari e degli Ospitalieri in Emilia Romagna cerca attraverso un approccio metodologico multidisciplinare di ricostruire il patrimonio artistico delle commende dei due ordini religioso cavallereschi in regione. La tesi è stata concepita per riflettere anche a livello strutturale la metodologia d’indagine, così un primo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi storica dei due ordini, con particolare attenzione alla comprensione del rapporto tra gli ordini e il mondo dell’arte. Una secondo capitolo invece è incentrato sulla storiografia artistica relativa e sulle impegnative indagini d’archivio, che, soprattutto attraverso l’utilizzo di una vasta documentazione inedita, hanno permesso di fornire nuovi elementi alla definizione della rete degli insediamenti e della loro decorazione. Lo studio prosegue con la specifica ricostruzione storica e storico artistica delle commende attraverso l’indagine sui singoli insediamenti, dove si è cercato di dar conto delle vicende artistiche e della storia dei suoi protagonisti. Contestualmente alla redazione di questo capitolo, riconoscendo la storia, il senso e l’importanza della scuola stilistico-filologica, si procede alla redazione delle schede di catalogo delle opere superstiti, sia di quelle ancora nelle ex-commende sia di quelle che oggi hanno altre collocazioni. Successivamente, senza necessariamente trarre conclusioni definitive su un lavoro di ricerca che per sua natura è in divenire, si argomentano alcune riflessioni sulla natura, i limiti, i caratteri e l’evoluzione della committenza dei due ordini cavallereschi in regione. Si è così riscoperto un patrimonio artistico vasto e articolato che coniuga capolavori con opere di cultura assai più corsiva, ma comunque sempre capace di raccontare la storia dei suoi artefici (alcuni - come Aristotele Fioravanti, Girolamo da Treviso, Pietro Bembo o Ranuccio Farnese - veri e propri protagonisti del loro tempo), in continuo e sostanziale dialogo con le culture artistiche che hanno attraversato la regione, e non solo, tra Medioevo e Modernità.

Optical resonances of sphere-on-plane geometries

The optical resonances of metallic nanoparticles placed at nanometer distances from a metal plane were investigated. At certain wavelengths, these “sphere-on-plane” systems become resonant with the incident electromagnetic field and huge enhancements of the field are predicted localized in the small gaps created between the nanoparticle and the plane. An experimental architecture to fabricate sphere-on-plane systems was successfully achieved in which in addition to the commonly used alkanethiols, polyphenylene dendrimers were used as molecular spacers to separate the metallic nanoparticles from the metal planes. They allow for a defined nanoparticle-plane separation and some often are functionalized with a chromophore core which is therefore positioned exactly in the gap. The metal planes used in the system architecture consisted of evaporated thin films of gold or silver. Evaporated gold or silver films have a smooth interface with their substrate and a rougher top surface. To investigate the influence of surface roughness on the optical response of such a film, two gold films were prepared with a smooth and a rough side which were as similar as possible. Surface plasmons were excited in Kretschmann configuration both on the rough and on the smooth side. Their reflectivity could be well modeled by a single gold film for each individual measurement. The film has to be modeled as two layers with significantly different optical constants. The smooth side, although polycrystalline, had an optical response that was very similar to a monocrystalline surface while for the rough side the standard response of evaporated gold is retrieved. For investigations on thin non-absorbing dielectric films though, this heterogeneity introduces only a negligible error. To determine the resonant wavelength of the sphere-on-plane systems a strategy was developed which is based on multi-wavelength surface plasmon spectroscopy experiments in Kretschmann-configuration. The resonant behavior of the system lead to characteristic changes in the surface plasmon dispersion. A quantitative analysis was performed by calculating the polarisability per unit area /A treating the sphere-on-plane systems as an effective layer. This approach completely avoids the ambiguity in the determination of thickness and optical response of thin films in surface plasmon spectroscopy. Equal area densities of polarisable units yielded identical response irrespective of the thickness of the layer they are distributed in. The parameter range where the evaluation of surface plasmon data in terms of /A is applicable was determined for a typical experimental situation. It was shown that this analysis yields reasonable quantitative agreement with a simple theoretical model of the sphere-on-plane resonators and reproduces the results from standard extinction experiments having a higher information content and significantly increased signal-to-noise ratio. With the objective to acquire a better quantitative understanding of the dependence of the resonance wavelength on the geometry of the sphere-on-plane systems, different systems were fabricated in which the gold nanoparticle size, type of spacer and ambient medium were varied and the resonance wavelength of the system was determined. The gold nanoparticle radius was varied in the range from 10 nm to 80 nm. It could be shown that the polyphenylene dendrimers can be used as molecular spacers to fabricate systems which support gap resonances. The resonance wavelength of the systems could be tuned in the optical region between 550 nm and 800 nm. Based on a simple analytical model, a quantitative analysis was developed to relate the systems’ geometry with the resonant wavelength and surprisingly good agreement of this simple model with the experiment without any adjustable parameters was found. The key feature ascribed to sphere-on-plane systems is a very large electromagnetic field localized in volumes in the nanometer range. Experiments towards a quantitative understanding of the field enhancements taking place in the gap of the sphere-on-plane systems were done by monitoring the increase in fluorescence of a metal-supported monolayer of a dye-loaded dendrimer upon decoration of the surface with nanoparticles. The metal used (gold and silver), the colloid mean size and the surface roughness were varied. Large silver crystallites on evaporated silver surfaces lead to the most pronounced fluorescence enhancements in the order of 104. They constitute a very promising sample architecture for the study of field enhancements.