1000 resultados para D-InSAR


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The fragmentation properties of the product ions [M + 1](+), [M + 2](+) and [M + 3](+) formed by ion-molecule reaction of four cyclopropane derivatives with the ion system of CD3OD were investigated by using collision-induced dissocation technique. The experiment results indicated that the product ions were produced via the H/D exchange reaction between reactants and reactive reagent ions of CD3OD. There are two exchangable hydrogen atoms on the ring of compounds 1 and 2, and only one for compound 3 and 4.

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研究了环丙烷衍生物在CD3 OD离子体系中的H/D交换反应产物离子 [M +1]+ 、[M +2 ]+ 和[M +3]+ 的碰撞诱导碎裂 (CID)反应特征。实验结果表明这些产物离子是由反应物与试剂离子之间发生H/D交换反应生成的。获得了环丙烷衍生物结构中活泼氢位置及其数量的信息

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It was found for the first time that gramicidin D (GD) molecules can be incorporated into the ODM monolayer which is self-assembled on the surface of the gold electrode and form monovalent cation channels.

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Gramicidin within the lipid bilayer matrix is a well-known channel-forming polypeptide, but the mechanism of the ions across the membrane induced by gramicidin is not well understood. We found that at very low concentration of gramicidin in a bilayer lipid membrane, the channel behavior was controlled by the voltage applied across the membrane. When the voltage is higher than 75 mV, the channel is closing, while lower than 75 mV, the channel is opening. But when the concentration of the gramicidin in the BLMs is high, the channel behavior is changed into voltage-independent. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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聚(ε┐己内酯)/聚(d,l┐丙交酯)共混物膜在酶促降解过程中的形态变化张杰甘志华*梁奇志景遐斌(吉林工业大学理学院应用化学系长春)(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春130022)关键词聚己酸内酯-聚丙交酯共混物,酶促降解,形态1997-10-30收…

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采用一种新型的稀土配位化合物Y(CF3COO)3/Al(i-Bu)3为催化剂,制备了不同组成的ε-己内酯/d,l-丙交酯共聚物,并用GPC、NMR和DSC表征了共聚物的结构.结果表明通过改变初始投料中两种单体的比例,可以调节共聚酯的化学结构,而共聚物的形态则受结构影响很大.

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用一种全氟代磺酸酯阳离子交换树酯(East-man AQ-55),将D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO),辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)以及1,1′-二(α-羟基乙基)二茂铁(BHFc)同时包埋在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制成双酶D-氨基酸电流式传感器。电极的工作电位为+0.18V(vs.SCE)响应时间小于50s。对于D-丙氨酸来说,测定的最适宜pH为7.8,测定的线性范围为0.05~0.75mmol/L该电极具有良好的重现性,可以连续使用200次。

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本文系统地研究了化合物ASm_2I_5(A=K,Rb,Cs,T1)固体粉末的荧光光谱和反射光谱.讨论了Sm~(2+)在立方晶体场中的分裂能随着碱金属离子半径的增大而减小和f-d激发能随着A-I(A=Rb,T1)键的共价性增加而明显降低的现象.并从晶场效应和化学键性质两个方面解释了ASm_2I_5(A=K,Rb,Cs)和ASm_2I_5(A=Rb,T1)中的Sm~(2+)荧光光谱分别发生蓝移和红移的现象.

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十五种希土D-葡萄糖酸配合物的红外和拉曼光谱非常相似,结构类同,配合物的糖酸谱带明显展宽,羧酸根的对称和反对称振动谱带相差200cm~(-1),与希土离子单齿配位,糖酸为β构型,吡喃环上的O_1和O_5也参予配位,希土离子配位数是9。

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This paper alms at illustrating the impact of spatial difference scheme and spatial resolution on the performance of Arakawa A-D grids in physical space. Linear shallow water equations are discretized and forecasted on Arakawa A-D grids for 120-minute using the ordinary second-order (M and fourth-order (C4) finite difference schemes with the grid spacing being 100 km, 10 km and I km, respectively. Then the forecasted results are compared with the exact solution, the result indicates that when the grid spacing is I kin, the inertial gravity wave can be simulated on any grid with the same results from C2 scheme or C4 scheme, namely the impact of variable configuration is neglectable; while the inertial gravity wave is simulated with lengthened grid spacing, the effects of different variable configurations are different. However, whether for C2 scheme or for C4 scheme, the RMS is minimal (maximal) on C (D) grid. At the same time it is also shown that when the difference accuracy increases from C2 scheme to C4 scheme, the resulted forecasts do not uniformly decrease, which is validated by the change of the group A velocity relative error from C2 scheme to C4 scheme. Therefore, the impact of the grid spacing is more important than that of the difference accuracy on the performance of Arakawa A-D grid.

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Song and Banner (2002, henceforth referred to as SB02) used a numerical wave tank (developed by Drimer and Agnon, and further refined by Segre, henceforth referred to as DAS) to study the wave breaking in the deep water, and proposed a dimensionless breaking threshold that based on the behaviour of the wave energy modulation and focusing during the evolution of the wave group. In this paper, two modified DAS models are used to further test the SB02's results, the first one (referred to MDAS1) corrected many integral calculation errors appeared in the DAS code, and the second one (referred to MDAS2) replaced the linear boundary element approximation of DAS into the cubic element on the free surface. Researches show that the results of MDAS1 are the same with those of DAS for the simulations of deep water wave breaking, but, the different values of the wavemaker amplitude, the breaking time and the maximum local average energy growth rate delta(max) for the marginal breaking cases are founded by MDAS2 and MDAS1. However, MDAS2 still satisfies the SB02' s breaking threshold. Furthermore, MDAS1 is utilized to study the marginal breaking case in the intermediate water depth when wave passes over a submerged slope, where the slope is given by 1 : 500, 1 : 300, 1 : 150 or 1 : 100. It is found that the maximum local energy density U increases significantly if the slope becomes steeper, and the delta(max) decreases weakly and increases intensively for the marginal recurrence case and marginal breaking case respectively. SB02's breaking threshold is still valid for the wave passing over a submerged slope gentler than 1 : 100 in the intermediate water depth.

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黄河三角洲存在着不可忽视的地面沉降现象,并在一定程度上阻碍着三角洲的快速发展。对黄河三角洲地面沉降的研究在黄河三角洲防灾减灾、土地利用、河口河道治理等方面具有理论与实践指导意义。 本文收集了黄河三角洲地区1956年、1967年、1980年和1995年四个时期的1:5万地形图,提取高程信息,应用地理信息系统(GIS)软件生成数字高程模型并展开了相应的空间分析,得到各个时间段内黄河三角洲的地面沉降速率图,通过对各沉降速率图的统计分析得出了三角洲地区地面沉降的时空变化规律。文章继而分析了引发黄河三角洲地面沉降的三个主要诱导因子、它们在影响范围、作用时间、作用强度等方面的特点,以及在不同时间段内各诱导因子在引发地面沉降方面所发挥作用的主次。随后,在列举地面沉降对黄河三角洲产生的影响之后,归纳总结了防治地面沉降及其引发灾害的对策。最后,基于采用常规水准测量方法进行地面沉降监测费时费力,提出利用InSAR技术对黄河三角洲地面沉降进行监测的设想,并简要分析了其可行性。

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干涉合成孔径雷达 (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR) 是以合成孔径雷达复数据提取的相位为信息源获取地表三维信息和海表散射体运动信息的新型微波成像雷达。 InSAR通过两幅天线同时观测 (单轨模式),或两次近平行的观测 (重复轨道模式),获取地面或海面同一景观的复图像对。20世纪90年代以来,InSAR陆地和海洋研究成为微波遥感的热点,广泛应用于地表变形监测、南极冰流测量、地面或海面慢速运动目标检测等领域。 近年来,国际上逐渐应用机载顺轨或交轨干涉合成孔径雷达进行海表面流速测量以及海面波成像机制研究。相对于传统单天线合成孔径雷达 (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR),双天线干涉合成孔径雷达 (InSAR) 测量海表面波有着独特的优势: (1) InSAR复图像的相位近似正比于海面散射体的径向速度,这种内在的成像机制提供了直接测量海表面动态运动的机会。 (2) 真实孔径雷达调制传递函数几乎对InSAR相位图像没有影响,而对传统SAR图像影响较大。 基于干涉合成孔径雷达测量海浪的优势,本文做了一些干涉合成孔径雷达海浪遥感理论与应用研究工作,主要内容大致可归纳如下: (1)基于新建立的顺轨干涉合成孔径雷达 (Along-Track Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,ATI-SAR) 相位谱与海浪谱之间的非线性映射关系,通过数值模拟研究了不同雷达参数和海况参数对应的ATI-SAR相位谱。数值模拟结果表明:距离速度比率、雷达入射角、天线间距和有效波高和波长比率是影响ATI-SAR海浪成像的重要因素。进一步,利用机载X波段水平极化相位图像和机载C波段水平极化相位图像谱结合方向波骑士浮标测量的海浪方向谱验证了ATI-SAR相位谱与海浪谱之间的非线性映射关系。结果显示用前向映射关系计算的相位谱与实际观测的相位谱较为一致,二者相关系数总体大于0.6,而且对成像非线性不敏感. (2)建立了包含海表面高度和速度聚束的交轨干涉合成孔径雷达 (Across-Track Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,XTI-SAR) 涌浪干涉相位模型,得到了涌浪成像的解析表达式,进一步研究了XTI-SAR沿方位向传播的涌浪成像机制。定义二次谐波振幅与基波振幅比率来表征成像非线性,通过比较XTI-SAR和ATI-SAR相位的二阶调和分量,分析不同海况和干涉SAR参数情况下的数值模拟,结果表明:当速度聚束弱时,XTI-SAR相位比ATI-SAR相位具有较强的非线性,ATI-SAR比XTI-SAR更适合测量海浪。当速度聚束强时,XTI-SAR相位比ATI-SAR相位具有较弱的非线性,XTI-SAR比ATI-SAR更适合测量海浪。 (3)基于包含海表面高度和速度聚束的交轨干涉合成孔径雷达 (XTI-SAR) 涌浪干涉相位模型,结合多维高斯变量的特征函数方法建立了新的XTI-SAR相位谱与海浪谱非线性积分变换。新积分变换不同于Bao (1999) 建立的积分变换,两者形式上区别在于新积分变换中包含了长波径向轨道速度一阶倒数项。数值模拟显示:通常情况下,长波径向轨道速度一阶倒数项不能忽略。进一步,我们针对不同雷达参数和海况结合新非线积分变换对XTI-SAR海浪成像进行了数值模拟,结果表明:同顺轨干涉合成孔径雷达 (ATI-SAR) 海浪成像一致,距离速度比率 和有效波高与波长比率 是影响XTI-SAR海浪成像的重要因子。 (4)基于新的ATI-SAR相位谱与海浪谱之间的非线性映射关系,发展了利用ATI-SAR相位图像反演海浪方向谱的参数化反演模式,并由此得到海浪波长、波向和有效波高。反演结果与现场浮标观测结果比较一致。相对于其它反演模式,参数化反演模式的优点在于:(1) 不需要任何附加信息如初猜海浪谱、散射计提供的风速风向等信息。 (2) 不需要对相位图像进行辐射定标,可以由反演的海浪谱直接计算有效波高。(3) 反演结束后还可以得到成像区域的局地风速信息。因此,参数化反演模式可以实现风、浪信息的联合反演。

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本文所述为磷虾声学探测系统的一部分——接收机及高速A/D转换器。该系统的设计旨在克服过去南大洋科学考察所用声学评估系统信号补偿不够精确、动态范围较窄、实时处理能力较差等不足。接收机具有宽动态范围及精确的20LoG(R)和40LoG(R)损耗补偿,8位高速A/D转换将数据信号送计算机,使得生物量和声物反射能力的计算得以实时进行。

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牦牛的起源与属级分类学地位至今仍然存在一定的争议.我们测定了家养牦牛和野生牦牛线粒体控制区(D-loop)序列,并以此构建牦牛和牛属、野牛属、水牛属以及非洲水牛属相关种的系统发育树.研究结果表明线粒体D-loop区与Cyt b基因序列在构建牛族的系统发育具有同样重要的价值.系统发育关系显示野牛属的灭绝种草原野牛与现存种美洲野牛先聚合为一单系群,然后再和牦牛形成一单系分支,表明牦牛与野牛属的草原野牛、美洲野牛亲缘关系最近,具有最近的共同祖先,而与牛属的其它亚洲物种亲缘关系较远.因此,本研究不支持将牦牛独立为牦牛属--Poephagus,牛属与野牛属在分类上也应合并为一个属.基于上述研究结果和化石证据,我们进一步对牦牛起源的历史背景进行了讨论,认为牦牛与野牛属的分化是由于第四纪气候变化在欧亚大陆发生的,野牛通过白令陆桥进入北美;冰期结束后,由于欧亚大陆其它地区温度升高,牦牛只能局限分布在较为寒冷的青藏高原;而野牛属在北美先后分化为草原野牛和美洲野牛,前者可能是后者的直接祖先.