949 resultados para Crianças - Assistência em instituições - Brasil
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The aim of this study was to verify the reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument Cerebral Palsy: quality of life questionnaire for children: primary caregiver questionnaire (CP QOLChild: primary caregiver) translated and culturally adapted. Thus, the translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument was made, and then the procedures to verify its reliability were performed. The translated and culturally adapted questionnaire was answered by 30 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy and inter and intra-observer analysis followed. The data allowed the authors to identify an internal consistency rangering from 0.649 to 0.858, intra-observer reliability from 0.625 to 0.809 and inter-observer reliability from 0.498 to 0.903. The analysis suggests that the instrument has acceptable psychometry.
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This article presents elements that make up the quality of education in the age group of zero to five years, offered by institutions of Early Childhood Education in Brazil, based on research results disseminated in theses and dissertations that focus on this theme. It was used as the methodological procedure outlined mapping Brazilian literature of academic research related to the Post-Graduate Education, which focus on the issue in the period between 1996 and 2012. The results of the study provide insights on funding, teacher training, family, quality of care in the school systems, institutional assessment, perceptions of quality and educational practices that allow discuss the quality of early childhood education offered in Brazilian institutions. Moreover, considering that not convenient to take the concept of quality of early childhood education as universal as this is linked to the context, the conceptions about children and their education.
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This article analyzes the data resultant of the accomplishment, between 2008 and 2009, of an extension and research project on the international exchange of letters between teachers and students from elementary schools in the towns of Garça and Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil, with a school in the city of Azaruja, Portugal and another in the city of Luanda, Angola. It was developed by a team of students and teachers, UNESP, Marília, in order to promote the exchange via personal letters for that students, between 8 and 9 years old, could take possession of the written language, in this case Portuguese, and understand it as an instrument steeped in culture. The choice of this kind in the world of the epistolary genre was made because it promotes the participation of the Other in the configuration of dialogic relations in the elaboration of the statements, taken as a reference in a Bakhtinian conception of language. It aimed to (1) point, in the letters exchanged between teachers and students between the Portuguese, Brazilians and Angolans in the early years, the evidence of authorship linguistic behavior that could signal the beginning of autonomy in the use of the written modality of language, or signs of submissive behavior; (2) reveal the cultural content of language tools used to construct indicators listed on the customs of each people, including those constituting school doings. For the generation of data were used principles of action research, which enabled direct action, along with Brazilian teachers, and indirectly, in the case of the foreign teachers. From the analysis of the corpus of research - letters exchanged between teachers and students - it is clear that the appropriation of language as a speech act realized in human relations makes the old personal correspondence a powerful instrument of development in the area of the written language.
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The influence of the environment on psychomotor development of children is evidenced in many studies. Many factors can threaten children’s development and hinder the children with regard to functional activities. Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the possible effects of urban and rural environment on the functional performance of children under six years old. Methods: The study included 30 children divided into two groups, one group consisted of 15 children of both genres with a mean age of 44.13 ± 20.97 months, residing in urban area and another for 15 children, both sexes with a mean age of 44.33 ± 20.91 months, residing in rural areas. All were tested using functional Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), which is based on an evaluation trial, conducted through structured interviews with those responsible for the child. This test outlines the functional profi le of children in three performance areas: self-care, mobility and social function, evaluated in three parts (functional skills, caregiver assistance and modifi cations to the environment). In this study we used the parts I (funcional skills) and II (caregiver assistance) in three areas: self-care, mobility and social function. The collected data were analyzed by means of the Mann - Whitney test, with the level of signifi cance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results show no signifi cant difference in the areas of self-care and mobility, both in relation to functional abilities when the caregiver assistance. In the area of social function, there was a lower performance of children living in rural areas, in functional abilities (p = 0.027) and caregiver assistance (p = 0.028). Conclusion: Based on this information, we can conclude that children who live in rural areas have a worse development of the social functions of children living in urban areas.
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Besides storing, the culture and science institutions in charge of the of Brazilian writers’ personal archives play such an important role on the organization and representation of the country’s literary information. In general, the target public for these collections is composed by researchers from the field of Literature once the documents produced by the writers throughout his/her life and career constitute primary research source for the artistic, historical and literary investigation. However, it is still convenient to stand out those users with no academic instruction, whose interest in such collections is justified by their looking up to the individual. In this sense, literary memory places, such as the Brazilian Literature Archive Museum – AMLB (RJ) -, the Brazilian Literature Academy – ABL – (RJ) and the Brazilian Studies Institute – IEB – (SP) turn out to be responsible for offering access to the literary archives and literary information. Thus, it is necessary to consider that databases demonstrate themselves as utter disseminators of the preservation and diffusion of the literary memory, coming up with several possibilities for cultural and scientific action in Literature. This study focuses on showing the contributions of databases towards the literary archives, the challenges and perspectives observed according to the mentioned institutions’ reality, in whose missions the discourse of the literary memory preservation is inserted.
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Among students with special educational needs, subjects of special education, are those with high ability/giftedness, a complex phenomenon that requires the participation of education professionals and researchers to foster the potential of development of these students. In this sense, we aimed to identify and analyze thesis and dissertations that they propose to investigate the theme high ability/giftedness, verifying participation of the area of education in these studies. The study was done through a literature review, guided by the following questions: Have the researches on high ability/giftedness been growing in recent years? What is the participation of education area in those researches? What are the issues related to high ability/ giftedness addressed in Education? The results show that the institutions present an increasing trend and there is a predominance of education area in this scientific production. However, there is an imbalance between the institutions that aim to investigate the theme in Brazilian regions, as well as among the cases covered by these researches on high ability/giftedness.
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The Assistive Technology makes the lives of people without disabilities more practical, but for people with disabilities it can make things possible. For these individuals can provide the conditions, making their limitations are not obstacles to their social and personal empowerment, and may contribute to their effective participation in tasks that were previously impossible, such as remaining seated correctly. A segment on which the necessary assistive technology works, is the adaptation of furniture such as chairs, tables, chairs-to-wheels for individuals with disabilities, as well as cerebral palsy. The study aimed to conduct a survey and brief description of theses and dissertations produced in Brazil on furniture adapted for students with cerebral palsy. We made searching in databases of libraries of major universities and federal state national banks, theses and dissertations. Nine studies were selected for description. It was concluded that there is a considerable array of professionals, both in engineering as the field of rehabilitation, to contribute in the adaptation, creation and even the manufacture of furniture for children with cerebral palsy and that the securities most studied are the chairs and their components.
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This search is part of a larger study conducted at the Carlos Chagas Foundation (SP-Brazil), which aims to build a scale to assess adhesion to moral values by basic education students and their teachers. This text addresses only the value of justice. The responses of 111 10-13 year old children and 121 teenagers between 14 and 17 years of age at public and private schools in the city of São Paulo (SP-Brazil) were compared. Among the various topics addressed, some issues of distributive, retributive and commutative justice were selected. In the questionnaire, the alternatives offered were built in increasing stages of decentration from a social perspective inspired by Kohlberg. The results confirmed the two hypotheses that had been raised: there was a progression in the choice of the answers concerning the stages between children and teenagers and there were differences between the three forms of justice considered, in relation to the achievement of higher levels.
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Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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O objetivo nesta pesquisa consiste em fazer um trabalho de prevenção junto às instituições APAE (Associação de Pais e Amigos de Excepcionais) e ASIN (Associação de síndrome de Down), ambas de São José dos Campos e ASPAD (Associação de Pais e Amigos de síndrome de Down) de Jacareí, orientando e avaliando sobre a presença ou não da instabilidade atlanto-axial (IAA), assim como verificar a prevalência dessa anormalidade nesses indivíduos. Foram convidados a participar do projeto todos os indivíduos das três instituições de assistência à SD, tendo formado uma amostra com 68 indivíduos, com idades entre 2 a 34 anos, sendo 39 do sexo masculino e 29 do feminino. Foram realizadas radiografias da coluna cervical nas posições de extensão, flexão e neutra, para as quais todos os responsáveis assinaram termo de consentimento. A verificação da IAA foi feita pela análise da distância atlanto-odontóide (DAO), utilizando o programa Radiocef, com uma ferramenta criada para isso. A DAO foi analisada nas três incidências, e era considerada a presença de IAA desde que o indivíduo apresentasse valores ?4,5mm em pelo menos uma dessas posições. Após a realização dos testes estatísticos e análise dos resultados, concluímos que a prevalência de IAA foi de 22,1% dos indivíduos, com valores DAO entre 4,5 e 8,83mm, tendo sido mais prevalente nos indivíduos do sexo masculino do que feminino, assim como nas crianças do que nos jovens e adultos. Foi possível verificar também que, a posição de flexão apresentou maior prevalência de IAA, mas que ela não deve sobrepor às posições de extensão e neutra, pois pode omitir casos ausentes em flexão, mas presentes nas outras posições. Dessa forma, foi realizado o trabalho de prevenção com a avaliação da IAA por meio da realização dos exames radiográficos em que os laudos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Esta pesquisa, financiada pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), tem como objeto de estudo as parcerias entre o público e o privado realizadas por municípios paulistas para a oferta educacional na educação infantil. O estudo é parte integrante da pesquisa “A oferta educacional na educação infantil: arranjos institucionais entre o público e o privado” coordenada pela professora Raquel Borghi e financiada pelo CNPq. O objetivo geral é identificar, mapear e analisar os arranjos institucionais firmados entre municípios paulistas pequenos e instituições privadas para o atendimento educacional em creches e pré-escolas. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 50% dos 56 municípios pequenos (de 10.001 a 50.000 hab.) que declararam possuir parcerias para a oferta de educação infantil, e que constam do banco de dados da pesquisa “Estratégias municipais para a oferta da educação básica: análise das parcerias público-privadas no Estado de São Paulo” (ADRIÃO, coord., 2009). Foi realizado levantamento junto aos municípios selecionados, tendo em vista o recolhimento de informações como ano de integração das creches aos respectivos sistema de ensino, justificativa para a opção pelo convênio, formato da subvenção publica as instituições privadas, tipo de instituição como Stricto Sensu (SS), ONG‟s, fundações, filantrópicas, OSCIP‟s entre outros. O desenvolvimento do estudo vai requerer, ainda, o levantamento e a análise de produções teóricas relativas ao financiamento e à oferta da educação infantil. Os resultados evidenciam que os convênios, legitimados pela atual legislação e impulsionados tanto pela esfera pública e/ou privada, estão em expansão, e em alguns municípios representam a única forma de atender a essa faixa etária, mostrando o equívoco de muitos municípios de aderir a esse tipo de atendimento municipal
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A monografia procura mostrar como as leis para a educação são formuladas pela classe política, com vistas a entender a LDB da educação formulada em 1996. Para isso, apresentamos o arcabouço teórico da economia e da ciência política para a tomada das decisões individuais e de grupos/organizações. Em seguida, avaliamos a teoria do capital humano, o Banco Mundial e a UNESCO como principais agentes que influenciam e pressionam por mudanças educacionais. Por fim, mostramos alguns aspectos da LDB de 1996 e o caminho corporativista adotado pelo Estado para fazer avançar a educação de nível superior
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Assim como, as vivências nos intercâmbios internacionais podem e devem contribuir em grau elevado na constituição das mesmas políticas públicas, angariando recursos e investimentos externos, elas também podem se aprofundar em experiência de conscientização dos sujeitos políticos. Quanto mais a difusão cultural entre os povos é incentivada, pelos governos e iniciativas não governamentais, somada à atividade política dos sujeitos, mais trará contribuições aos entremeios das sociedades complexas, que por sua vez, refletirão na melhoria das condições de vida dos indivíduos e de suas instituições. O plano discursivo ideal propõe a superação das amarras econômicas para contemplar os estratos sociais, essa seria a primeira etapa para iniciar o aperfeiçoamento das instâncias democráticas e, convém assistir às transformações desde as estrutura, ou seja, dos modos de pensar, ser e agir dos seres humanos em busca de um novo tipo de desenvolvimento, que de fato se reconheça globalizado. Para tanto, o método utilizado se ancorou na revisão bibliográfica da análise histórica e da análise de discursos dos ex-presidentes, a partir da época de redemocratização brasileira. A todo o momento, frisou-se a articulação entre as mais diversas frentes de organização social, interna e externa, bem como as supranacionais, tal articulação é oportuna à metodologia, na tentativa de uma compreensão introdutória dos processos da modernidade complexa. Além disso, optou-se por tecer considerações finais que deixassem o texto aberto ao debate, ao contrário de qualquer proposta conclusiva. A saber, a potencialidade em dialogar sobre o conceito de desenvolvimento, que se deseja pluralmente inserido na universalidade relativa ao gênero humano, torna-se mais atraente, à medida que são cobradas melhorias dos programas político-democráticos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)