Sviluppo di metodologie per la Stima in Tempo Reale delle Grandezze Indicate in Motori a Combustione Interna

Modern Internal Combustion Engines are becoming increasingly complex in terms of their control systems and strategies. The growth of the algorithms’ complexity results in a rise of the number of on-board quantities for control purposes. In order to improve combustion efficiency and, simultaneously, limit the amount of pollutant emissions, the on-board evaluation of two quantities in particular has become essential; namely indicated torque produced by the engine and the angular position where 50% of fuel mass injected over an engine cycle is burned (MFB50). The above mentioned quantities can be evaluated through the measurement of in-cylinder pressure. Nonetheless, at the time being, the installation of in-cylinder pressure sensors on vehicles is extremely uncommon mainly because of measurement reliability and costs. This work illustrates a methodological approach for the estimation of indicated torque and MFB50 that is based on the engine speed fluctuation measurement. This methodology is compatible with the typical on-board application restraints. Moreover, it requires no additional costs since speed can be measured using the system already mounted on the vehicle, which is made of a magnetic pick-up faced to a toothed wheel. The estimation algorithm consists of two main parts: first, the evaluation of indicated torque fluctuation based on speed measurement and secondly, the evaluation of the mean value of the indicated torque (over an engine cycle) and MFB50 by using the relationship with the indicated torque harmonic and other engine quantities. The procedure has been successfully applied to an L4 turbocharged Diesel engine mounted on-board a vehicle.

An Evaluation of Compression Schemes for Wireless Networks

Data gathering, either for event recognition or for monitoring applications is the primary intention for sensor network deployments. In many cases, data is acquired periodically and autonomously, and simply logged onto secondary storage (e.g. flash memory) either for delayed offline analysis or for on demand burst transfer. Moreover, operational data such as connectivity information, node and network state is typically kept as well. Naturally, measurement and/or connectivity logging comes at a cost. Space for doing so is limited. Finding a good representative model for the data and providing clever coding of information, thus data compression, may be a means to use the available space to its best. In this paper, we explore the design space for data compression for wireless sensor and mesh networks by profiling common, publicly available algorithms. Several goals such as a low overhead in terms of utilized memory and compression time as well as a decent compression ratio have to be well balanced in order to find a simple, yet effective compression scheme.

Development of Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Study

The development of embedded control systems for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a challenging task due to the multidisciplinary nature of HEV powertrain and its complex structures. Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation provides an open and convenient environment for the modeling, prototyping, testing and analyzing HEV control systems. This thesis focuses on the development of such a HIL system for the hybrid electric vehicle study. The hardware architecture of the HIL system, including dSPACE eDrive HIL simulator, MicroAutoBox II and MotoTron Engine Control Module (ECM), is introduced. Software used in the system includes dSPACE Real-Time Interface (RTI) blockset, Automotive Simulation Models (ASM), Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow, Real-time Workshop, ControlDesk Next Generation, ModelDesk and MotoHawk/MotoTune. A case study of the development of control systems for a single shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle is presented to summarize the functionality of this HIL system.

Unanticipated Partial Behavioral Reflection: Adapting Applications at Runtime

Dynamic, unanticipated adaptation of running systems is of interest in a variety of situations, ranging from functional upgrades to on-the-fly debugging or monitoring of critical applications. In this paper we study a particular form of computational reflection, called unanticipated partial behavioral reflection, which is particularly well-suited for unanticipated adaptation of real-world systems. Our proposal combines the dynamicity of unanticipated reflection, i.e. reflection that does not require preparation of the code of any sort, and the selectivity and efficiency of partial behavioral reflection. First, we propose unanticipated partial behavioral reflection which enables the developer to precisely select the required reifications, to flexibly engineer the metalevel and to introduce the meta behavior dynamically. Second, we present a system supporting unanticipated partial behavioral reflection in Squeak Smalltalk, called Geppetto, and illustrate its use with a concrete example of a web application. Benchmarks validate the applicability of our proposal as an extension to the standard reflective abilities of Smalltalk.

Practical, Pluggable Types for a Dynamic Language

Most languages fall into one of two camps: either they adopt a unique, static type system, or they abandon static type-checks for run-time checks. Pluggable types blur this division by (i) making static type systems optional, and (ii) supporting a choice of type systems for reasoning about different kinds of static properties. Dynamic languages can then benefit from static-checking without sacrificing dynamic features or committing to a unique, static type system. But the overhead of adopting pluggable types can be very high, especially if all existing code must be decorated with type annotations before any type-checking can be performed. We propose a practical and pragmatic approach to introduce pluggable type systems to dynamic languages. First of all, only annotated code is type-checked. Second, limited type inference is performed on unannotated code to reduce the number of reported errors. Finally, external annotations can be used to type third-party code. We present Typeplug, a Smalltalk implementation of our framework, and report on experience applying the framework to three different pluggable type systems.

Aufbau hochfunktionaler Intralogistik-Knoten mittels kleinskaliger Module als Cognitive Conveyor

Kleinskalige, multifunktionale Module haben ein hohes Potential bei der wirtschaftlichen und flexiblen Gestaltung intralogistischer Systeme mit hoher Funktionalität. Durch dezentrale Steuerung und eigener Intelligenz der Module ist das System frei skalierbar und der Installationsaufwand wird minimiert. Mittels eines neuartigen Konzeptes der Datenkommunikation für Stetigförderer erfolgt der Informationsaustausch drahtlos mit Hilfe optoelektrischer Elemente. Die Kleinskaligkeit der Transportmodule gegenüber der Transporteinheit im Zusammenhang mit dem Steuerungskonzept erlaubt eine selektive Beschaltung der Module nach Bedarf und damit eine optimierte Energieausnutzung im Betrieb. Prototypen auf Basis von Schwenkrollen mit integrierter Antriebstechnik und Steuerung lassen das Potential des Prinzips erkennen. Das neu entwickelte Konzept der Schrägscheibe hilft bei der anspruchsvollen Integration der Antriebstechnik in das Modul durch das Prinzip der koaxialen Aktoren. Durch omnidirektionalen Funktionsumfang der Module entsteht im Zusammenschluss zu einer Modulmatrix ein hochflexibel einsetzbares Intralogistik-Modul. Die Vernetzung dieser hochfunktionalen Knoten durch einfache Fördertechnik bietet die Möglichkeit einfacher Planung flexibler Logistiksysteme.