Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, Removing By-catch from Prawn-trawl Codends During Fishing in New South Wales, Australia

During a fishing trip to record video footage of fish escaping from a by-catch reducing device located in a commercial prawn trawl, two bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, were observed to actively manipulate the codend at the seabed, removing and consuming components of catch (mostly juvenile whiting, Sillago spp.). The observed feeding pattern suggests a well established behavioral response to trawling activities and is discussed with respect to (1) the potential nutritional benefit that dolphins may derive from such activities and (2) the effects that scavenging may have on selectivity of the gear.

Trawling Operations and South African (Cape) Fur Seals, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus

South African (Cape) fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus, interact with the South African trawl fisheries-offshore demersal, inshore demersal, and midwater fisheries. These interactions take thef ollowing forms: Seals take or damage netted fish, on particular vessels they become caught in the propeller, seals drown in the nets, live seals come aboard and may be killed. Except in specific cases of seals damaging particular trawler propellers, interactions result in little cost to the offshore and midwater trawl fisheries. For the inshore fishery, seals damage fish in the net at an estimated cost in excess of R69, 728 (US$18,827) per year, but this is negligible (0.3%) in terms ofthe value of the fishery. Seal mortality is mainly caused by drowning in trawl nets and ranges from 2,524 to 3,636 seals of both sexes per year. Between 312 and 567 seals are deliberately killed annually, but this most likely takes place only when caught and they enter the area below deck, where they are difficult to remove, and pose a potential threat to crew safety. Overall, seal mortality during trawling operations is negligible (0.4-0.6%) in terms of the feeding population of seals in South Africa.

A Review of the South Pacific Tuna Baitfisheries: Small Pelagic Fisheries Associated with Coral-Reefs

A review is given of current information concerning small pelagic fishes exploited for tuna bait in the South Pacific. These fishes are usually caught over or near coral reefs using light attraction and lift nets. The most common and widespread species are anchovies (Engraulidae), sprats (Clupeidae), silversides (Atherinidae), and herrings (Clupeidae). Recorded yields ranged from 0.5 to 2.6t/km2, and methods are described to estimate potential yields empirically in the absence of catch data. Environmental effects on small pelagic fish production are discussed, and evidence is presented to suggest that rainfall markedly affects stolephorid anchovy production. Some species of small pelagic fish, such as Selar spp., Decapterus spp., and Herklotsichthys sp., have been fished traditionally by artisanal fishermen, but anchovy and sprat stocks were probably unexploited prior to pole-and-line tuna fishing in the South Pacific.

Tendências Espaciais e Temporais da Epidemia da AIDS em maiores de 50 Anos no Município de Niterói - RJ

A síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) é um problema de saúde pública que alcançou grandes proporções. Na ausência de uma vacina eficaz ou tratamento efetivo para a doença, esforços têm ser concentrados na prevenção. As políticas de saúde adotadas pelo governo brasileiro têm resultado em estabilização da enfermidade no país na faixa etária mais jovem, muito embora essa tendência não venha acontecendo nos outros grupos etários mais velhos. Verificar a incidência da AIDS em indivíduos idosos, no município de Niterói, RJ, de acordo com sexo, idade, período e coorte de nascimento de 1982-2011, além de analisar a dinâmica espacial da epidemia de AIDS em idosos (indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais) no estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de 1997-2011, são os objetivos deste estudo. Os dados da população por idade, sexo e grupo, foram obtidos a partir de: censos populacionais, contagem da população (1996), projeções intercensitárias, informações do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação, de Mortalidade e de Controle de Exames Laboratoriais. As taxas de incidência por 100 000 foram calculadas para as unidades geográficas através da contagem do número de novos casos de AIDS em indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais e tamanho da população do município no mesmo grupo etário. Para avaliar a dependência espacial das taxas foi calculado o índice de Moran global. Moran Mapas foram construídos para mostrar regimes de correlação espacial potencialmente distintos em diferentes subregiões. Distribuições de probabilidade e método Bayes empírico foram aplicados para a correção das taxas de incidência da AIDS. Ocorreram 575 casos de AIDS em residentes de Niterói com ≥50 anos de idade. Tendência crescente de taxas de incidência ao longo do tempo foi detectada em ambos os sexos. No estudo da dinâmica espacial da incidência da AIDS em idosos, Rio de Janeiro, no período de 1997 a 2011, as taxas entre homens e mulheres permaneceram flutuantes ao longo de todo o período. Não foi possível detectar correlação significativa global, usando o índice global de Moran. Na costa sudeste do Estado, onde se localizam as grandes áreas metropolitanas (Rio de Janeiro e Niterói), observaram-se grupos de cidades com taxas de até 20 casos por 100 000 hab. Esta concentração se torna mais pronunciada em períodos subsequentes, quando parece ocorrer propagação gradual da epidemia da costa sul até o norte do Rio de Janeiro.

South & West Cumberland Fisheries Advisory Committee 3rd June, 1974

This is the first report from the South and West Cumberland Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 3rd June 1974. The report includes sections on fishery byelaws, estimates for the anticipated income and expenditure on fisheries for the current year, and fish mortality. The section on fish mortality includes the details of a fish kill on the River Marron, gives points along the river where water was sampled, and the results of the analysis. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

South Lancashire Advisory Committee 10th June, 1974

This is the first report from the South Lancashire Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 10th June 1974. The report includes sections on fishery byelaws, estimates for the anticipated income and expenditure on fisheries for the current year, and information includeing the aims of a report entitled 'Taking Stock', which looked at migratory fish in England and Wales. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

South & West Cumberland Fisheries Advisory Committee 2nd September, 1974

This is the report from the South and West Cumberland Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 2nd September 1974. The report looks at comments of the Regional Fisheries Officer on the report 'Taking Stock', and information including the aims of a report entitled 'Coarse Fisheries'. The report also includes sections on the summary of the stocking carried out from Holmewrangle hatchery, biological work undertaken on the Rivers Ellen, Keekle and Thirlmere Reservoir, fishery prosecutions, and fish mortalities. This section includes information on the date, location, extent of the kill and the cause. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.