Enzyme activities of Calanus finmarchicus from the North Atlantic collected during Maria S. Merian cruise MSM26 in spring 2013

The activities of proteinases, lipases/esterases and citrate synthase of Calanus finmarchicus copepodites (CV) were analysed. Analysis was performed at 30°C for copepods from seven stations (126-9, 127-17, 131-17, 133-6, 134-19, 135-16, 136-8). In addition, thermal profiles (5-50°C) of these enzymes were analysed for copepods from 3 stations (127-17, 133-6, 135-16). C. finmarchicus of station 127-19 have been acclimated on board to two different temperatures (4 and 15°C) for two weeks. Thermal profiles (5-60°C) of lipases/esterases and proteinases of adult females from each treatment were analysed. Groups of 10 individuals were used to prepare enzyme extracts for analysis. From each station/treatment, three groups were analysed, each of which was measured in triplicates. The activity of proteinases was determined photometrically after Saborowski et al. (2004, hdl:10013/epic.20836), modified after Kreibich et al. (2008, doi:10.1007/s10152-008-0112-0). Azocasein was used as substrate. The lypolytic activity of lipases and esterases in the extract was analysed fluorometrically after Knotz et al. (2006, doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.07.019) using 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate as substrate. Citrate synthase activity was analysed photometrically after Stitt (1984) modified by Saborowski and Buchholz (2002) with oxaloacetic acid as substrate. For detailed description please contact the author.

Preparation and characterization of stable aqueous suspensions of up-converting Er3+/Yb3+-doped LiNbO3 nanocrystals

The preparation of LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ nanocrystals and their up-conversion properties have been studied. It is demonstrated that polyethyleneimine- (PEI) assisted dispersion procedures allow obtaining stable aqueous LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ powder suspensions, with average size particles well below the micron range (100–200 nm) and the isoelectric point of the suspension reaching values well above pH 7. After excitation of Yb3+ ions at a wavelength of 980 nm, the suspensions exhibit efficient, and stable, IR-to-visible (green and red) up-conversion properties, easily observed by the naked eye, very similar to those of the starting crystalline bulk material.

Effect of wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation of the diet on intestinal enzyme activity, nutrient retention and performance in laying hen from 25 to 47 wks of age

A trial was conducted to examine the effects of increasing levels of wheat in the diet and xylanase (ES) supplementation on nitrogen and ether extract retention, pH of the GIT, productive performance from 25 to 47 wks of age, and enzyme activity at the small intestine level. The basal diets (from 25 to 33 wks and from 33 to 47 wks) consisted of soybean meal and corn, and the wheat was introduced in the experimental diets at expenses of corn, primarily.

Developing front-end Web 2.0 technologies to access services, content and things in the future Internet

The future Internet is expected to be composed of a mesh of interoperable web services accessible from all over the web. This approach has not yet caught on since global user?service interaction is still an open issue. This paper states one vision with regard to next-generation front-end Web 2.0 technology that will enable integrated access to services, contents and things in the future Internet. In this paper, we illustrate how front-ends that wrap traditional services and resources can be tailored to the needs of end users, converting end users into prosumers (creators and consumers of service-based applications). To do this, we propose an architecture that end users without programming skills can use to create front-ends, consult catalogues of resources tailored to their needs, easily integrate and coordinate front-ends and create composite applications to orchestrate services in their back-end. The paper includes a case study illustrating that current user-centred web development tools are at a very early stage of evolution. We provide statistical data on how the proposed architecture improves these tools. This paper is based on research conducted by the Service Front End (SFE) Open Alliance initiative.