壁面凹腔强化H2超声速燃烧的数值模拟

为了分析凹腔火焰稳定器强化H2超声速燃烧的流动特性,运用数值模拟方法研究了凹腔对超声速燃烧室性能的作用规律.结果表明:凹腔的火焰稳定机制主要在于富含自由基的高温回流区,燃烧室结构设计采用凹腔火焰稳定器能够起到稳定燃烧和增强混合的作用;与直通道燃烧室相比,凹腔燃烧室尽管总压损失较大,但可以获得较好的混合和燃烧性能.

流体动力学的研究:面向国家需求

流体动力学这门科学描述液体和气体的运动及其和固体的相互作用.它几乎涉及日常生活的方方面面,并在大部分科学和工程领域中处于核心地位,所以,这是一门宽广的多学科的学科领域.流体力学影响着国防、国土安全、交通、制造业、医学、生物学、能源和环境科学.预测人体内血液的流动,微流动器件装置的行为,飞机、汽车、船舶的流体动力学性能,电子元件的冷却,或者灾害性天气和气候的预报等,都需要对流体动力学有细致的了解和深入的研究.

深海空间站外壁厚度的理论分析

设计深海空间站时,首先要解决外部耐压壳的强度和稳定性问题,根据经典的弹性理论导出的壳体应力公式,应用强度理论中的Tresea屈服条件,确定了壳的厚度的取值范围,并得到了最小厚度的表达式。之后进行稳定性分析,研究理想条件下,强度要求和稳定性要求对球壳厚度的影响。考虑球壳过厚会增加施工难度,进行分层处理。

扩散抛物化Navier-Stokes方程数值解法评述

20世纪60年代末期在边界层理论基础上发展起来的各种简化Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程(统称为扩散抛物化N-S方程)及其算法,较为彻底地解决了无黏流及黏流的相互干扰问题,并为高雷诺数大型复杂黏性流场的数值模拟开辟了新的途径.本文将系统地评述这一领域的主要成果,包括各种简化N-S模型的优缺点;数学奇性及正则化方法;代表性的数值解法以及最近几年的新进展.

Elastic-plastic constitutive relation of particle reinforced composites

In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed to obtain the macroscopic elastic-plastic constitutive relation of particle reinforced composites (PRC). The strain energy density of PRC is analyzed based on the cell model, and Che analytical formula for the macro-constitutive relation of PRC is obtained. The strength effects of volume fraction of the particle and the strain hardening exponent of matrix material on the macro-constitutive relation are investigated, the relation curve of strain versus stress of PRC is calculated in detail. The present results are consistent; with the results given in the existing references.

Burst event detection in wall turbulence by WVITA method

Wavelet Variable Interval Time Average (WVITA) is introduced as a method incorporating burst event detection in wall turbulence. Wavelet transform is performed to unfold the longitudinal fluctuating velocity time series measured in the near wall region of a turbulent boundary layer using hot-film anemometer. This unfolding is both in time and in space simultaneously. The splitted kinetic of the longitudinal fluctuating velocity time series among different scales is obtained by integrating the square of wavelet coefficient modulus over temporal space. The time scale that related to burst events in wall turbulence passing through the fixed probe is ascertained by maximum criterion of the kinetic energy evolution across scales. Wavelet transformed localized variance of the fluctuating velocity time series at the maximum kinetic scale is put forward instead of localized short time average variance in Variable Interval Time Average (VITA) scheme. The burst event detection result shows that WVITA scheme can avoid erroneous judgement and solve the grouping problem more effectively which is caused by VITA scheme itself and can not be avoided by adjusting the threshold level or changing the short time average interval.

多组元液雾在高温高压气体中微爆过程的研究

结合乳化油滴和乳化油喷雾的燃烧微爆机理进行多组元液雾在高温高压气体中微爆过程研究不仅具有重要理论价值，而且具有广泛的应用前景。

A micromechanical damage theory for brittle materials with small cracks

For brittle solids containing numerous small cracks, a micromechanical damage theory is presented which accounts for the interactions between different small cracks and the effect of the boundary of a finite solid, and includes growth of the pre-existing small cracks. The analysis is based on a superposition scheme and series expansions of the complex potentials. The small crack evolution process is simulated through the use of fracture mechanics incorporating appropriate failure criteria. The stress-strain relations are obtained from the micromechanics analysis. Typical examples are given to illustrate the potential capability of the proposed theory. These results show that the present method provides a direct and efficient approach to deal with brittle finite solids containing multiple small cracks. The stress-strain relation curves are evaluated for a rectangular plate containing small cracks.

Growth of bulk single crystals beta-FeSi2 by chemical vapour deposition

Bulk single crystals b-FeSi2, as a new photoelectric and thermoelectric material, has been successfully grown using chemical vapor transport technique by using iodine as transport agent in a sealed ampoule. The effects of crystal growth condition on quality and morphologies of the single crystals were studied. Both needle-like and grain-like single crystals were gained. By changing substrate temperature, tetrahedral high quality a-FeSi2 single crystals were also obtained.

历史文化建筑保护和力学

讨论了历史文化建筑维修、保护和力学的关系,综述了中国历史文化建筑保护中的力学问题,讨论了木质历史文化建筑结构的建模问题.介绍了世界各国和中国对文化遗产保护的发展史,及中国历史文化建筑保护现状与任务;重点介绍了力学在历史文化建筑保护领域所作的贡献和面临的机遇与挑战.并对历史文化建筑保护措施和研究方向提出建议.

坡面流及土壤侵蚀动力学（I）--坡面流

坡面流是坡面土壤侵蚀的根本动力，是研究土壤侵蚀动力学过程的基础。简要介绍了坡面流的基本特征和水力学特性，综述了坡面入渗产流过程、坡面流阻力，以及坡面流运动的数学描述和预报模型等方面的研究进展。指出复杂坡面条件下的坡面流运动，以及从小尺度过渡到大尺度将是今后坡面流研究的重要发展方向。

伴随微孔洞生长的裂纹弹性定常扩展

裂纹在韧性材料中扩展时,将伴随着微孔洞的萌生和生长.孔洞的萌生和演化将直接影响着材料的总体断裂韧性和强度.以往的研究主要集中在将裂纹的扩展刻划为微孔洞的萌生、生长和汇合这样一个过程.从传统的断裂过程区模型出发研究微孔洞的萌生和生长对材料总体断裂韧性的影响,通过采用Gurson模型,建立塑性增量本构关系,然后针对定常扩展情况直接进行分析.孔洞对材料断裂韧性的影响由本构关系刻划,而在孔洞汇合模型中,上述影响则由断裂过程区的改变来体现.研究结果显示出,微孔洞的萌生与生长将使材料断裂韧性降低并随着初始孔洞体积百分比的增大裂纹呈脆性扩展且发生损坏破坏。

一种新的脑动静脉畸形血液动力学模型

建立了一个新的非定常脑AVM血液动力学模型。模型克服了以往的定常AVM模型无法反映血流实际脉动，以及模型结构和血管性质描述上的缺陷，并依据临床实测数据提出了一种更为符合生理和病理实际的描述AVM供血动脉扩张现象的方法。模型模拟了AVM造成的脑血管压力、流量波形和脑血管输入阻抗的变化，并对脑AVM病人脑血管系统的输入阻抗进行了分析。为研究具有复杂结构的脑AVM血液动力学的特征，提供了一个有效的工具。

膨胀岩中油井管套力学响应分析

针对存在混凝土衬砌与否两种情况,对油井套管-膨胀围岩体系进行了三维轴对称有限元分析.结果表明,在围岩产生的膨胀压力下,存在混凝土衬砌时,径向位移最大值发生于混凝土衬砌与膨胀岩交界处;没有混凝土衬砌时,径向位移最大值在油井套管与膨胀岩的交界处.故完好的混凝土衬砌能明显地减缓膨胀岩对油管套管的挤压作用.在围岩膨胀压力下,油井套管容易发生颈缩现象.