Proposta de plano de ação para prevenção da hipertensão arterial em crianças e adolescentes das escolas da área de abrangência da ESF Serra Verde - Divinópolis/ MG

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é um problema de saúde pública de grande magnitude e constitui importante fator de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, os quais representam uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Por iniciar-se na infância, o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces são imprescindíveis para se reduzir esses riscos. Considerando a HAS a principal doença e a representatividade da população jovem (27%) na área de abrangência da ESF Serra Verde, torna-se evidente a relevância do serviço primário na promoção de saúde e prevenção de agravos. Assim, este estudo objetivou propor um plano de ação para prevenir a hipertensão arterial em crianças e adolescentes das escolas pertencentes à área de abrangência da Estratégia de Saúde da Família Serra Verde do município de Divinópolis / MG. A partir do diagnóstico situacional, definiu-se o problema para, então, elaborar o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES). A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho se deu por pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados da SciELO com os descritores: hipertensão arterial, pressão arterial, criança e infantil. A parceria intersetorial entre Saúde e Educação é significativa. Favorece a exequibilidade de ações preventivas e de educação em saúde aos escolares, evitando o desenvolvimento de morbidades futuras e complicações dela decorrentes.

Melhoria da atenção à saúde bucal dos alunos de 6 a 14 anos da Escola Municipal São Francisco de Assis, área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Alto Paraíso, Aparecida de Goiânia-GO

A faixa etária de 6 a 14 anos corresponde à idade escolar ideal para desenvolver hábitos saudáveis e para participação em programas preventivos e educativos de saúde bucal (BRASIL, 2008), além de corresponder ao período de transição de dentição decídua, mista e permanente. O objetivo desta intervenção foi melhorar a atenção à saúde bucal dos alunos de 6 a 14 anos da Escola Municipal São Francisco de Assis. A intervenção ocorreu entre os meses de novembro de 2013 a abril de 2014. Desenvolvemos a intervenção visando reorganizar as ações e os serviços em saúde bucal na Unidade Básica de Saúde Alto Paraíso, Aparecida de Goiânia/GO. As ações foram desenvolvidas em quatro eixos: monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão, engajamento público, qualificação da prática clínica. Adotamos como protocolo os Cadernos de Atenção Básica de Saúde Bucal e Saúde na Escola, e as ações foram registradas em fichas espelhos, prontuários, livro ata e planilha de coleta de dados. Alcançamos uma cobertura de 44,2% dos escolares, com destaque para a ampliação da escovação dental supervisionada, aplicação tópica de flúor e a conclusão do tratamento dentário dos escolares com primeira consulta odontológica. Os ganhos e crescimento na qualidade do atendimento são nítidos, pois não existia uma cobertura delimitada e sistemática desse grupo. Além disso, a melhora nos registros das informações organizou o atendimento clínico, facilitando também o monitoramento e busca ativa dos escolares. A intervenção realizada foi um sucesso, alcançando a maioria dos objetivos e metas planejadas. A assistência odontológica aos escolares é referência no município, reconhecida como uma atenção de alta qualidade pela comunidade. Teremos condições de superar algumas dificuldades encontradas, dada a melhor capacidade para a realização das ações e o apoio da gestão municipal. Percebo que a equipe está integrada e incorporando a intervenção à rotina do serviço. O desafio é continuar com qualidade o trabalho iniciado.

Melhoria da atenção à saúde bucal das crianças e adolescentes de 06 a 12 anos na Unidade Básica de Saúde Dr. Carlos Roberto Riet Vargas, Rio Grande/RS

A faixa etária escolar de 06 a 12 anos tem significante importância para a promoção e prevenção em saúde bucal por corresponder ao início e fim da erupção da dentição permanente, sendo por isto o público selecionado para a abordagem. A condição bucal dos escolares da área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Dr. Carlos Roberto Riet Vargas, localizada em Rio Grande/RS, no bairro Cidade de Águeda, obteve especial atenção pelo seu alto índice de dentes cariados e perdidos, assim como pela grande necessidade de atendimentos de urgência. O projeto objetiva melhorar a atenção à saúde bucal dos escolares. Na metodologia, as ações são compostas por objetivo, meta, monitoramento e avaliação. As ações previstas para alcançar tais objetivos incluem ampliar a ação coletiva de exame bucal com finalidade epidemiológica para estabelecimento de prioridade de atendimento em 100% dos escolares de 06 a 12 anos de idade das escolas da área de abrangência; ampliar a cobertura de primeira consulta com plano de tratamento odontológico para 65 % dos escolares moradores da área de abrangência da unidade de saúde; realizar primeira consulta odontológica em 100% dos escolares da área classificados como alto risco para doenças bucais; fazer busca ativa de todos os escolares da área, com primeira consulta programática, faltosos às consultas; realizar a escovação supervisionada com creme dental em 100 % dos escolares; realizar a aplicação de gel fluoretado com escova dental em 100% dos escolares de alto risco para doenças bucais; manter registro atualizado em planilha e/ou prontuário de 100% dos escolares da área; fornecer orientações sobre higiene bucal, cárie dentária e orientações nutricionais para 100% dos escolares. Ao final dos quatro meses de intervenção os resultados se mostraram satisfatórios por alcançar as porcentagens esperadas, como as citadas acima. Em determinado caso a expectativa foi superada, como no caso do número de primeiras consultas com plano de tratamento odontológico realizadas nos escolares da área, onde o pactuado foi 65% e se obteve 100%. Já o percentual referente à proporção de escolares com orientações nutricionais ficou aquém do proposto, onde o pactuado foi 100%, mas o resultado final foi de 27,1%. O avanço na qualidade da atenção aos escolares, assim como os bons resultados obtidos, estimulam a manutenção deste trabalho e norteiam para atividades cada vez mais promissoras nos escolares da área adstrita.

Trypanosoma Cruzi Strains From Triatomine Collected In Bahia And Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.

Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding of the parasite-vector-host relationship.

Chromobacterium Amazonense Sp. Nov. Isolated From Water Samples From The Rio Negro, Amazon, Brazil.

The taxonomic position of a bacterium isolated from water samples from the Rio Negro, in Amazon, Brazil, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism formed a distinct phyletic line in the Chromobacterium 16S rRNA gene tree and had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in this genus. It was found to be closely related to Chromobacterium vaccinii DSM 25150(T) (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity) and shared 98.5 % 16S rRNA gene similarity with Chromobacterium piscinae LGM 3947(T). DNA-DNA relatedness studies showed that isolate CBMAI 310(T) belongs to distinct genomic species. The isolate was readily distinguished from the type strain of these species using a combination of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties. Thus, based on genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that isolate CBMAI 310(T) (=DSM 26508(T)) be classified in the genus Chromobacterium as the type strain of a novel species, namely, Chromobacterium amazonense sp. nov.

Semiologia neurológica numa população de escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental

We evaluated children in the first grade of a elementary school using neurological examination. With no previous knowledgement of their educational performance, were invited all children attending five classes of the first grade of an elementary public school chosen randomly, in Itatiba / Sao Paulo / Brazil, whose parents assigned a Commitment Term for participation in this research. Children who missed three evaluations in different days or whose parents did not assigned the Commitment Term were excluded. The Traditional Neurological Examination (ENT) (Lefevre, 1972) was applied. It was considered for normal the measurement of the skull circumference, proposed by Diament & Rodrigues (1976), and the application of all ENT items. The data were stored in a database of the Epi6 Program (Epidemiologic Information), and analyzed by percentage calculation and by the c2 test. The significance level was 0.05. Children evaluated were 124. The ENT results were normal in 87 (70.16%) and altered in 37 (29.83%). Among the alterations, there were observed: light tremor, light muscular hypotonia, speech acquisition delay, macrocephaly, microcephaly, hyperactivity, cranial nerve syndrome, central facial paralysis. One child presented corticospinal tract impairment syndrome of the distal lower extremities.

Quantificação de fluxos de mercúrio gasoso na interface solo/atmosfera utilizando câmara de fluxo dinâmica: aplicação na bacia do Rio Negro

Gaseous mercury sampling conditions were optimized and a dynamic flux chamber was used to measure the air/surface exchange of mercury in some areas of the Negro river basin with different vegetal coverings. At the two forest sites (flooding and non-flooding), low mercury fluxes were observed: maximum of 3 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and minimum of -1 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. At the deforested site, the mercury fluxes were higher and always positive: maximum of 26 pmol m-2 h-1 - day and 17 pmol m-2 h-1 - night. Our results showed that deforestation could be responsible for significantly increasing soil Hg emissions, mainly because of the high soil temperatures reached at deforested sites.

Um novo índice de qualidade das águas para proteção da vida aquática aplicado ao Rio Atibaia, região de Campinas/Paulínia-SP

In this paper a water quality index is developed to subsidize management actions in the Atibaia River for upon protection of aquatic organisms. This index is composed of two measurable environmental parameters normaly, ammonia and dissolved oxygen, the latter representing the contribution of organic matter. Concentrations of these two variables were normalized on a scale from 0 to 100 and translated into statements of quality (excellent, good, regular, bad and very bad). The index was applied to three monitoring points in the Atibaia River and compared to other indices used by the State of São Paulo Environmental Agency (CETESB). The results showed that the degradation in this watershed follows the urban population density. The developed index is more restricted than the other ones routinely used to infer water quality.

Estudo da capacidade de complexação e sua relação com algumas variáveis ambientais em cinco represas do Rio Tietê/Brasil

The copper and cadmium complexation properties in natural sediment suspensions of reservoirs of the Tietê River were studied using the solid membrane copper and cadmium ion-selective electrodes. The complexation and the average conditional stability constants were determined under equilibrium conditions at pH=6.00 ± 0.05 in a medium of 1.0 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The copper and cadmium electrodes presented Nernstian behavior from 1x10-6 to 1x10-3 mol L-1 of total metal concentration. Scatchard graphs suggest two classes of binding sites for both metals. A multivariate study was done to correlate the reservoirs and the variables: complexation properties, size, total organic carbon, volatile acid sulfide, E II and pH.

Levantamento e características ecológicas de orchidacea e da mata ciliar do rio dourados, Dourados-MS

The Orchidaceae is one of the largest flowering plants family and with a great importance to conservation. However, no survey on orchid flowers can be found in Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the objective of this work was to make a survey of the Orchidaceae species and of its ecology features in a riparian forest in a fragment of Floresta Estacional Semi-Decidual that belongs to the riparian forest of the Dourados River. The inventory was made by using a sweeping method for collection, and in addition to this the vertical and horizontal position of epiphytes were assessed on the hosts. For characterization of microclimate, it was used a thermohygrometer and luximeter. It was identified 17 species of 13 genera. Of the listed genera, the most abundant ones were: Acianthera, Macradenia and Capanemia. It was also noted a vertical and horizontal distribution of the Orchidaceae in relation to inverse gradient of water and light availability. Some species tended to be sensitive to height level categorization, whereas others seemed to occur with similar frequency along the host. In relation to the cardinal orientation, the apparent preferential response for south and east directions was associated to the low sampling effort and lower water availability, which could occur because the north face is opposed to the water body.

Análise de aspectos socioeconômicos e tecnológicos da agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi Guaçu

Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.

Influência da temperatura do ar de secagem no calor latente de vaporização de água em feijão macassar (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), variedade sempre-verde

In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry an agricultural product the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, H, must be known. Generally, the expressions for H reported in the literature are of the form H = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M, which is a simplification. In this article, a more general expression for the latent heat of vaporization, namely H = g(M,T), is used to determine H for cowpea, always-green variety. For this purpose, a computer program was developed which automatically fits about 500 functions, with one or two independent variables, imbedded in its library to experimental data. The program uses nonlinear regression, and classifies the best functions according to the least reduced chi-squared. A set of executed statistical tests shows that the generalized expression for H used in this work produces better results of H for cowpea than other equations found in literature.

Leguminosae, Papilionoideae no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil. II: árvores e arbustos escandentes

This work is a floristic survey of arboreous and climbing shrub taxa of Papilionoideae in a semideciduos forest at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, eastern Minas Gerais State. Field work was carried out from April/1998 to May/1999, when montly visits were conducted to collect botanical material along trails and of the main road. The floristic survey resulted in 22 taxa belonging to eight genera. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations and comments on the analyzed taxa are presented.

Lianas da estação ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, São José do Rio Preto/Mirassol, SP, Brasil

Lianas are characteristic, abundant and ecologically important members of tropical forest but they have been neglected in floristics and phytossociological studies. This work presents a floristic survey of the lianas species at Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista (EENP), and a comparison of the list of species recorded in this work with those reported for other fragments of São Paulo state. The EENP (20º48'36'' S and 49º22'50'' W) is at 468 m of altitude and comprises an area of 168,43 ha, divided into three fragments of vegetation. Samples of lianas were collected in the interior and along the edges of the forest fragments. It was identified 105 species: 99 Magnoliopsida (60 genera and 22 families); six Liliopsida (three genera and three families). The richest families in species comprised 59% of the total of lianas sampled. The dendrogram of similarity showed a low similarity between the forest situated in the littoral (Atlantic Forest) and those located in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Some other authors, also analysing the similarity of forest of the interior and Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state, but considering only the trees reported similar result.

Flora arbórea da bacia do rio Tibagi (Paraná, Brasil): Celastrales sensu Cronquist

A study of the tree species of the order Celastrales sensu Cronquist from the Tibagi river basin, Paraná state, Brazil, is presented, based on herbarium material. This basin is subdivided into three zones, from north to south: lower Tibagi (BT), mid Tibagi (MT) and upper Tibagi (AT), each with different environmental conditions and vegetation types. The order Celastrales is represented in the basin by 15 tree species belonging to three families: Aquifoliaceae, Celastraceae and Icacinaceae. Icacinaceae has only two species, Citronella gongonha and C. paniculata. The former is distinguished by a glabrous ovary and leaves that usually bear thorns. Aquifoliaceae has six species: Ilex brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. chamaedryfolia, I. dumosa, I. paraguariensis and I. theezans. These species are found mainly in AT and MT and are distinguished by leaf size, indument, apices and margins, and by sepal features. Celastrales is represented by seven species and two genera; Plenckia populnea, a Brazilian savannah species found only in MT, and six species of Maytenus (M. evonymoides, M. robusta, M. dasyclada, M. salicifolia, M. ilicifolia and M. aquifolia) distinguished by leaf size and margins, branch shape and number of flowers per inflorescence.