Audit report on the City of Dyersville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Dyersville, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report of the Iowa State Prison Industries for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report of the Iowa State Prison Industries for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on America’s Agricultural Industrial Heritage Landscape, Inc., d/b/a Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area, in Waterloo, Iowa for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009

Audit report on America’s Agricultural Industrial Heritage Landscape, Inc., d/b/a Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area, in Waterloo, Iowa for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009

Audit report on the City of Clarence, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Clarence, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Bayard Water Department, Bayard, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Bayard Water Department, Bayard, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on Adams County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on Adams County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

The psychostimulant modafinil enhances gap junctional communication in cortical astrocytes.

Sleep-wake cycle is characterized by changes in neuronal network activity. However, for the last decade there is increasing evidence that neuroglial interaction may play a role in the modulation of sleep homeostasis and that astrocytes have a critical impact in this process. Interestingly, astrocytes are organized into communicating networks based on their high expression of connexins, which are the molecular constituents of gap junction channels. Thus, neuroglial interactions should also be considered as the result of the interplay between neuronal and astroglial networks. Here, we investigate the effect of modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting agent, on astrocyte gap junctional communication. We report that in the cortex modafinil injection increases the expression of mRNA and protein of connexin 30 but not those of connexin 43, the other major astroglial connexin. These increases are correlated with an enhancement of intercellular dye coupling in cortical astrocytes, which is abolished when neuronal activity is silenced by tetrodotoxin. Moreover, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, which at a millimolar concentration induces sleep, has an opposite effect on astroglial gap junctions in an activity-independent manner. These results support the proposition that astroglia may play an important role in complex physiological brain functions, such as sleep regulation, and that neuroglial networking interaction is modified during sleep-wake cycle. This article is part of the Special Issue Section entitled 'Current Pharmacology of Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels'.

Audit report on the Cedar County Economic Development Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Cedar County Economic Development Commission for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on Dickinson County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on Dickinson County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Dike, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Dike, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Coggon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Coggon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report of the Iowa Public Employees’ Retirement System for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report of the Iowa Public Employees’ Retirement System for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Weldon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Weldon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Disaster Grants – Public Assistance program of Louisa – Des Moines County Drainage District #4 in Des Moines County and Louisa County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Disaster Grants – Public Assistance program of Louisa – Des Moines County Drainage District #4 in Des Moines County and Louisa County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Granger, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the City of Granger, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2010