Kundmachung: Die Störung der öffentlichen Ordnung durch den Zusammenlauf so vieler Menschen erregt die Besorgniß der Bevölkerung ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Aufruf an die Bevölkerung, sich von "dem Orte des Auflaufs" zu entfernen und Warnung vor tätlichem Widerstand gegen die Staatsorgane. Hintergrund: Unruhen anläßlich des Bankrotts eines von August Swoboda gegründeten Privatdarlehensvereins

Kundmachung: Der von dem Herrn Swoboda gegründete Actien-Verein kann nur als eine Privat-Unternehmung angesehen ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Das österreichische Innenministerium erklärt sich im Interesse der verarmten Gewerbsleute zur teilweisen Einlösung der bereits ausgegebenen Swobodaschen Aktien bereit

Kundmachung an die Patrimonial-Behörden und Beamten: In dem Gesetze vom 7. September 1848 über die Aufhebung des Unterthänigkeitsverbandes ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Anweisung an die Patrimonialbehörden nach dem Wegfall ihrer bislang vom Untertänigkeitsverband aufgebrachten Bezüge, die Gerichtsbarkeit sowie die politische Amtsverwaltung bis zur Einrichtung landesfürstlicher Behörden auf Staatskosten provisorisch fortzuführen. Nebst Ausführungsbestimmungen

Kundmachung an das Landvolk: Durch das im constitutionellen Wege erflossene Gesetz vom 7. September 1848 ist das Unterthänigkeits-Verhältniß sammt den daraus entspringenden Lasten aufgehoben worden ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Aufruf an die Landbevölkerung, den Anordnungen und Entscheidungen der Patrimonialbehörden Folge zu leisten, die nach der Aufhebung der Untertänigkeit noch bis zum Zeitpunkt der Einrichtung landesfürstlicher Behörden tätig sind. Nebst Ausführungsbestimmungen

Vom Ober-Commando: Antwort Sr. Exc. des Herrn Grafen von Auersperg: An das löbl. Nationalgarden-Commando der Hauptstadt Wien: Haupt-Quartier Inzersdorf den 17. October 1848: Einem löblichen Ober-Commando bestätige ich den Empfang der schätzbaren Zuschrift vom 16. ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Der Anlaß der Einschließung Wiens ist der bewaffnete Angriff von Teilen der Wiener Bevölkerung sowie der Nationalgarde auf das Militär. Die Truppen (Auerspergs) haben sich daraufhin zurückgezogen und eine "nicht die Stadt bedrohende ... Aufstellung" genommen. Da nach der Plünderung des unter der Obhut der Nationalgarde stehenden Zeughauses und der allgemeinen Volksbewaffnung keine vertrauenswürdige Autorität in der Stadt mehr ersichtlich ist und auch ein verantwortliches Ministerium nur noch dem Namen nach existiert, harrt das Militär nun kaiserlicher Befehle

Circulare der Nieder-Oesterreichischen Regierung über eine Disciplinar-Verordnung der Nationalwehre: Der constituirende Reichstag hat bei der Sitzung vom 16. und 17. October l. J. über Antrag seines permanenten Ausschusses ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Disziplinarordnung für die 'Mobile Nationalwehr': Androhung des Kriegsrechts in Fällen der Befehlsverweigerung, tätlichen Angriffen auf Vorgesetzte sowie bei Plünderung. Festlegung der Zusammensetzung des Kriegsgerichts

Evaluation of cell responses toward adhesives with different photoinitiating systems

OBJECTIVES The photoinitiator diphenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) is more reactive than a camphorquinone/amine (CQ) system, and TPO-based adhesives obtained a higher degree of conversion (DC) with fewer leached monomers. The hypothesis tested here is that a TPO-based adhesive is less toxic than a CQ-based adhesive. METHODS A CQ-based adhesive (SBU-CQ) (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) and its experimental counterpart with TPO (SBU-TPO) were tested for cytotoxicity in human pulp-derived cells (tHPC). Oxidative stress was analyzed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by the expression of antioxidant enzymes. A dentin barrier test (DBT) was used to evaluate cell viability in simulated clinical circumstances. RESULTS Unpolymerized SBU-TPO was significantly more toxic than SBU-CQ after a 24h exposure, and TPO alone (EC50=0.06mM) was more cytotoxic than CQ (EC50=0.88mM), EDMAB (EC50=0.68mM) or CQ/EDMAB (EC50=0.50mM). Cultures preincubated with BSO (l-buthionine sulfoximine), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, indicated a minor role of glutathione in cytotoxic responses toward the adhesives. Although the generation of ROS was not detected, a differential expression of enzymatic antioxidants revealed that cells exposed to unpolymerized SBU-TPO or SBU-CQ are subject to oxidative stress. Polymerized SBU-TPO was more cytotoxic than SBU-CQ under specific experimental conditions only, but no cytotoxicity was detected in a DBT with a 200μm dentin barrier. SIGNIFICANCE Not only DC and monomer-release determine the biocompatibility of adhesives, but also the cytotoxicity of the (photo-)initiator should be taken into account. Addition of TPO rendered a universal adhesive more toxic compared to CQ; however, this effect could be annulled by a thin dentin barrier.

Influence of root canal disinfectants on growth factor release from dentin

INTRODUCTION During dentinogenesis, growth factors become entrapped in the dentin matrix that can later be released by demineralization. Their effect on pulpal stem cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation could be beneficial for regenerative endodontic therapies. However, precondition for success, as for conventional root canal treatment, will be sufficient disinfection of the root canal system. Various irrigation solutions and intracanal dressings are available for clinical use. The aim of this study was 2-fold: to identify a demineralizing solution suitable for growth factor release directly from dentin and to evaluate whether commonly used disinfectants for endodontic treatment will compromise this effect. METHODS Dentin disks were prepared from extracted human teeth and treated with EDTA or citric acid at different concentrations or pH for different exposure periods. The amount of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and visualized by gold labeling. Subsequently, different irrigation solutions (5.25% sodium hypochloride, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate) and intracanal dressings (corticoid-antibiotic paste, calcium hydroxide: water-based and oil-based, triple antibiotic paste, chlorhexidine gel) were tested, and the release of TGF-β1 was measured after a subsequent conditioning step with EDTA. RESULTS Conditioning with 10% EDTA at pH 7 rendered the highest amounts of TGF-β1 among all test solutions. Fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were detected after EDTA conditioning at minute concentrations. Irrigation with chlorhexidine before EDTA conditioning increased TGF-β1 release; sodium hypochloride had the opposite effect. All tested intracanal dressings interfered with TGF-β1 release except water-based calcium hydroxide. CONCLUSIONS Growth factors can be released directly from dentin via EDTA conditioning. The use of disinfecting solutions or medicaments can amplify or attenuate this effect.

Species interactions and random dispersal rather than habitat filtering drive community assembly during early plant succession

Theory on plant succession predicts a temporal increase in the complexity of spatial community structure and of competitive interactions: initially random occurrences of early colonising species shift towards spatially and competitively structured plant associations in later successional stages. Here we use long-term data on early plant succession in a German post mining area to disentangle the importance of random colonisation, habitat filtering, and competition on the temporal and spatial development of plant community structure. We used species co-occurrence analysis and a recently developed method for assessing competitive strength and hierarchies (transitive versus intransitive competitive orders) in multispecies communities. We found that species turnover decreased through time within interaction neighbourhoods, but increased through time outside interaction neighbourhoods. Successional change did not lead to modular community structure. After accounting for species richness effects, the strength of competitive interactions and the proportion of transitive competitive hierarchies increased through time. Although effects of habitat filtering were weak, random colonization and subsequent competitive interactions had strong effects on community structure. Because competitive strength and transitivity were poorly correlated with soil characteristics, there was little evidence for context dependent competitive strength associated with intransitive competitive hierarchies.

Kundmachung: Da Seine Durchlaucht der Herr k. k. Feldmarschall Fürst zu Windischgrätz über Antrag Seiner Excellenz der Herrn Gouverneurs, Feldmarschall-Lieutenants Freiherrn von Welden, für die in Italien liegenden Truppenkörper ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Werbung von Freiwilligen für den Krieg Österreichs in Oberitalien

In Folge Erlasses des k. k. Finanz-Ministeriums vom 24. November l. J., Z. 7024-F. M., wird die Ausfuhr von ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Verbot der Ausfuhr von Uniformteilen, Waffen und Munition in das aufständische Ungarn

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms among Elderly: A Prospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with depressive symptoms in cross-sectional studies, but prospective data and data on subclinical hyperthyroidism are scarce. METHODS In the Leiden sub-study of the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) among adults aged 70-82 years with pre-existing cardiovascular disease or known cardiovascular risk factors, TSH and free T4 levels were measured at baseline and repeated after 6 months to define persistent thyroid function status. Main outcome measures were depressive symptoms, assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS) at baseline and after 3 years. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender and education. RESULTS Among 606 participants (41% women, mean age 75 years) without anti-depressant medication, GDS scores at baseline did not differ for participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 47; GDS 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.20, p = 0.50) or subclinical hyperthyroidism (n = 13; GDS 1.64 [0.78-2.51], p = 1.00) compared to euthyroid participants (n = 546, mean GDS 1.60 [1.46-1.73]). After 3 years, compared to euthyroid participants, change in GDS scores did not differ for participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (ΔGDS -0.03 [-0.50-0.44], p = 0.80), while subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with an increase in GDS scores (ΔGDS 1.13 [0.32-1.93] p = 0.04). All results were similar for persistent subclinical thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS In this largest prospective study on the association of persistent subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depression, subclinical hypothyroidism was not associated with increased depressive symptoms among older adults at high cardiovascular risk. Persistent subclinical hyperthyroidism might be associated with increased depressive symptoms, which requires confirmation in a larger prospective study. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Memoiren vom März 1848 bis Juli 1849 : Beitrag zur Geschichte der Wiener Revolution

Boberach: Ein katholischer Theologieprofessor schildert seine Erlebnisse als Feldkaplan der Akademischen Legion in Wien und als Abgeordneter in Kremsier bis zur Oktroyierung der Verfassung sowie während des Maiaufstands in Sachsen