Low-altitude, near-polar and near-circular orbits around Europa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da floco-decantação de manta de lodo associada à decantação de alta taxa no tratamento de águas de consumo humano

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O dispositivo alta nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial/CAPS : loucura, vida cotidiana e organização social

The present paper proposes an analysis about the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform as a public policy and deriving from a research developed with the workers of a Psychosocial Attention Centre III (CAPS III) and the managers of the Psychosocial Attention Web (REAP) in Aracaju. This analysis is developed as an investigation of the discharge at those services, understood not as a procedure, but as a dispositive from which different elements can be articulated: users, knowledge, technical procedures, police measures, juridical decisions, laws, services edifying. This, form the background of the articulation between mental alienation and the subject of right alienation, in the ways through which this articulation develops to the relations between madness,citizenship, internment and substitutive practices. Our investigation about the discharge as a dispositive was built with some narrative constructions, as a discourse analysis inspired by Michel Foucault s method, from the perspective of some of the main dispositive operators: workers and managers. The main aspect observed were: the articulations built by the discharge as a dispositive based on two discursive grate, the Reform as a new treatment substituting internship, and the Reform as juridical insertion and users rights practice; the exercise of these discursive grades based on the workers and managers perspective; the transference of limitations and contradictions of these grades to the competence of the dispositive operators, emerged in an outstanding way, as sometimes those operators are liable for the emergent limitations and difficulties, and some other times they are restrained by their institutional role, which is to maintain the domination relations articulated by the dispositive; finally, some aspects extracted which the dispositive operators - when they were expected to act in a way to maintain certain power relations - were capable to resist, managing other power relations from the dispositive, that we call, as Agamben, dispositive profanity

Degradação catalítica de polietileno de alta densidade sobre a zeólita HZSM

In last years it has talked a lot about the environment and the plastic waste produced and discarded. In last decades, the increasing development of research to obtain fuel from plastic material, by catalytic degradation, it has become a very attractive looking, as these tailings are discarded to millions worldwide. These materials take a long time to degrade themselves by ways said natural and burning it has not demonstrated a viable alternative due to the toxic products produced during combustion. Such products could bring serious consequences to public health and environment. Therefore, the technique of chemical recycling is presented as a suitable alternative, especially since could be obtain fractions of liquid fuels that can be intended to the petrochemical industry. This work aims to propose alternatives to the use of plastic waste in the production of light petrochemical. Zeolites has been widely used in the study of this process due to its peculiar structural properties and its high acidity. In this work was studied the reaction of catalytic degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in the presence HZSM-12 zeolites with different acid sites concentrations by thermogravimetry and pyrolysis coupled with GC-MS. The samples of the catalysts were mixed with HDPE in the proportion of 50% in mass and submitted to thermogravimetric analyses in several heating rates. The addition of solids with different acid sites concentrations to HDPE, produced a decrease in the temperature of degradation of the polymer proportional the acidity of the catalyst. These qualitative results were complemented by the data of activation energy obtained through the non-isothermal kinetics model proposed by Vyazovkin. The values of Ea when correlated to the data of surface acidity of the catalysts indicated that there is a exponential decrease of the energy of activation in the reaction of catalytic degradation of HDPE, in function of the concentration of acid sites of the materials. These results indicate that the acidity of the catalyst added to the system is one of the most important properties in the reaction of catalytic degradation of polyethylene

Matéria seca e absorção de nutrientes em função do espaçamento e da densidade de semeadura em arroz de terra alta

Foi instalado um experimento em condições de campo, em um Latossolo Vermelho escuro, epi-eutrófico, textura argilosa, em Selvíria-MS, com arroz de sequeiro cv. IAC 201, estudando-se três espaçamentos entre fileiras (30, 40 e 50 cm) e três densidades de semeadura (100, 150 e 200 sementes viáveis/m2). Foram avaliadas a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea no momento do florescimento e determinados os teores e quantidades de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S absorvidos, assim como a eficiência de utilização de nutrientes. A redução do espaçamento entre fileiras aumentou a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos. A variação da densidade de semeadura não afetou os parâmetros estudados. A redução do espaçamento entre fileiras proporcionou maior eficiência de utilização do Ca e diminuiu a do N e Mg. Os teores de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea não foram afetados pela variação do espaçamento entre fileiras.

Otimização em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose com algoritmo transgenético

Este trabalho aborda o problema de otimização em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose no tratamento de pacientes com câncer, com vistas à definição do conjunto de tempos de parada. A técnica de solução adotada foi a Transgenética Computacional apoiada pelo método L-BFGS. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi empregado para gerar soluções não denominadas cujas distribuições de dose fossem capazes de eiminar o câncer e ao mesmo tempo preservar as regiões normais

Dinâmica sazional de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (Glomeromycota) em cerradão e brejo de altitude na Chapada do Araripe, CE

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligatory symbiotic organisms that associate with roots of a large number of plant taxa, and are found in all terrestrial ecosystems. These fungi promote greater tolerance to environmental stresses to associated plant, favoring the establishment of plant communities, especially where soil fertility is a limiting factor, as in the Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian domain that has been focus of research due to its great biodiversity that can help clarify the history of vegetation in South America. Because of the ecological importance of AMF, the limited number of jobs and the potential diversity of the Caatinga, this work aims to inventory the diversity and determine AMF communities in areas with different faces occurrent in FLONA Araripe, Ceará (CE). The sample collection occurred in four periods at the beginning and end of the dry season (August and December 2011, respectively) and rainy (February and June 2012, respectively) in an area of marsh and woodland altitude of the Araripe, Crato, CE. The glomerosporos were extracted by wet sieving and centrifugation in water and sucrose (50%) mounted between slide and coverslip using PVLG and PVLG + Reagent Melzer. In total, we found 46 species of AMF distributed in eight families and 16 genera: Acaulospora (6), Ambispora (1), Cetraspora (2), Dentiscutata (5), Fuscutata (2), Gigaspora (6), Glomus (13) Intraornatospora (1), Kuklospora (1), Orbispora (1), Paradentiscutata (1), Quatunica (1), Racocetra (1), Scutellospora (2), Septoglomus (2) and a new genus. analysis showed that ecological each area of study has its own seasonal dynamics, with an area of woodland with a greater diversity of species throughout the year, while the marsh elevation showed greater variation in species found among the collection periods, showing that vegetation and rainfall has strong influence on the seasonal dynamics of AMF, as well as the availability of nutrients and soil pH so

A história do intemperismo na Província Borborema Oriental, Nordeste do Brasil: implicações paleoclimáticas e tectônicas

Until some years ago, weathering geochronology was primarily based on the K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of supergene minerals. Recent advances in the analysis of supergene goethite by the (U-Th)/He method expanded the number of suitable minerals for such purpose, as well as the time of application for weathering geochronology. This study represents the first systematic approach in Brazil, combining both the 40Ar/39Ar e (U-Th)/He methodologies to improve the knowledge on the weathering and the age of nonfossiliferous sediments. Supported by geologic and geomorphologic correlations, we identified different types of weathering profiles occurring in the interior and coastal areas of northeastern Brazil. These profiles were correlated to main regional geomorphological domains: the Borborema Plateau , the Sertaneja Depression , and the Coastal Cuestas and Plains, and respective planation surfaces, which study is fundamental to understand the landscape evolution of the northern portion of the eastern Borborema Province. The depth and stratigraphic organization of the weathering profiles in each of the geomorphological domains permitted to establish that: (i) the profiles on the highlands that cap the Borborema Surface are deeper (up to 100 m) and can be considered as typical lateritic profiles; (ii) on the lowlands that form the Sertaneja Surface , the weathering profiles are shallow and poorly developed (2-5 m deep); (iii) the profiles along the coastal area are moderately developed (up to 25 m deep), and are characterized by thick saprolites and mottle zones. Aiming to establish the timing of the evolution of northeastern Brazil, we studied 29 weathering profiles representing distinct topographic levels of the Borborema Province, from the highlands to the coast, through the analysis of 248 grains of supergene manganese oxides using laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Additionally, we applied the (U-Th)/He method in 20 weathering profiles, by dating 171 grains of supergene iron oxides and hydroxides. Geochronological results for 248 grains of manganese oxides analyzed by the 40Ar/39Ar method indicate that the weathering profiles in the study area record the history of weathering from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene, with ages in the order of 31.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 0.8 ± 0.4 Ma. Dating of 171 grains of goethite by the (U-Th)/He method yielded ages ranging from 43.2 ± 4.3 Ma to 0.8 ± 0.1 Ma, suggesting the weathering processes last from the Eocene to the Pleistocene. The precipitation of supergene goethite in this interval confirms the age of the weathering processes identified from the manganese oxides record. 105 goethite grains from 8 different occurrences of the Barreiras Formation were dated by the (U-Th)/He method. Five grains collected from the cement in the Barreiras Formation sandstones, in the Lagoa Salgada and Rio do Fogo coastal cuestas, yielded ages of 17.6 ± 1.8 Ma, 17.3 ± 1.7 Ma, 16.3 ± 1.6 Ma, 16.2 ± 1.6 Ma and 13.6 ± 1.4 Ma. Results of 69 goethite grains from authigenic pisoliths collected in 7 different localities also yielded concordant ages, varying from 17.8 ± 1.8 to 7.5 ± 0.8 Ma. Results obtained from 31 detrital grains are concordant in 3 distinct localities (Lagoa Salgada, Praia da Garças e Ponta Grossa); they vary in the range of 43.2 ± 4.3 to 21.6 ± 2.2 Ma, and indicate that the maximum age for the Barreiras Formation deposition is around 22 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar results for 15 manganese oxides grains associated with the Barreiras Formation weathering profiles, in 3 different localities, vary from 13.1 ± 0.9 to 7.7 ± 0.4 Ma, in the same range of ages obtained by the (U-Th)/He method. The systematic application of the 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He methods, respectively for manganese oxides and goethites, show that the Barreiras Formation sediments were already deposited since ca. 17 Ma, and that the weathering processes were active until ca. 7 Ma ago. The ages obtained from manganese oxides collected in the Cenozoic basalts (Macau Formation) also reveal a weathering history between 19 and 7 Ma, pointing to hot and humid conditions during most of the Miocene. 40Ar/39Ar ages yielded by manganese oxides associated with the Serra do Martins Formation vary from 14.1 ± 0.4 to 10.5 ± 0.3 Ma. On the other hand, (U-Th)/He ages from iron oxides/hydroxides collected in the Serra do Martins Formation mesas vary from 20.0 ± 2.0 to 5.5 ± 0.6 Ma, indicating that those sediments are older than 20 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He results produced in this study are in agreement with paleoclimatic interpretations based on stable isotopes and clay index values measured in the Atlantic Ocean sediments, validating the use of weathering geochronology to investigate paleoclimatic variations. The direct dating of the Barreiras Formation permitted, for the first time, confident inferences on the age of the brittle deformation recorded by this sedimentary unit in the Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará states. The first event, syn-deposition, occurred during the early Miocene; an younger event, related to the post-depositional deformation of the Barreiras Formation, is associated with tectonic activity from the very early Miocene to the Holocene. In agreement with data from other areas, results obtained in this study reveal that the depth and complexity of the weathering profiles reflect the time of exposition of such areas to the weathering agents close to the surface. However, there is no clear relationship between ages vs. altitude. The depth and the stratigraphic organization of weathering profiles in northeastern Brazil, contrary to the southeastern Brazil pattern, do not vary toward the coast. In our study area, field observations reveal the presence of ancient, thick and complex lateritic profiles preserved in the sedimentary mesas on the Borborema Plateau, as younger, narrow and incipient ones occur in the dissected areas. Geochronological results obtained for these profiles yielded older ages on the high altitudes, and younger ages in the lowlands, suggesting the scarp retreatment is the most reliable model to explain the regional landscape evolution. However, in the coastal lowlands, the relatively older ages obtained indicate that more complexes processes were involved in the modeling of the local relief

Aquisição, processamento e análise de dados de sísmica de alta resolução na plataforma continental norte do Rio Grande do Norte: Vale inciso do rio açu

On the modern Continental Shelf to the north of Rio Grande do Norte state (NE Brazil) is located a paleo-valley, submerged during the last glacial sea-level lowstand, that marks continuation of the most important river of this area (Açu River). Despite the high level of exploration activity of oil industry, there is few information about shallow stratigraphy. Aiming to fill this gap, situated on the Neogene, was worked a marine seismic investigation, the development of a processing flow for high resolution data seismic, and the recognition of the main feature morphology of the study area: the incised valley of the River Açu. The acquisition of shallow seismic data was undertaken in conjunction with the laboratory of Marine Geology/Geophysics and Environmental Monitoring - GGEMMA of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN, in SISPLAT project, where the geomorphological structure of the Rio paleovale Açu was the target of the investigation survey. The acquisition of geophysical data has been over the longitudinal and transverse sections, which were subsequently submitted to the processing, hitherto little-used and / or few addressed in the literature, which provided a much higher quality result with the raw data. Once proposed for the flow data was developed and applied to the data of X-Star (acoustic sensor), using available resources of the program ReflexW 4.5 A surface fluvial architecture has been constructed from the bathymetric data and remote sensing image fused and draped over Digital Elevation Models to create three-dimensional (3D) perspective views that are used to analyze the 3D geometry geological features and provide the mapping morphologically defined. The results are expressed in the analysis of seismic sections that extend over the region of the continental shelf and upper slope from mouth of the Açu River to the shelf edge, providing the identification / quantification of geometrical features such as depth, thickness, horizons and units seismic stratigraphyc area, with emphasis has been placed on the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of discordance limit and fill sediment of the incised valley, control by structural elements, and marked by the influence of changes in the sea level. The interpretation of the evolution of this river is worth can bring information to enable more precise descriptions and interpretations, which describes the palaeoenvironmental controls influencing incised valley evolution and preservation to provide a better comprehensive understanding of this reservoir analog system

Aplicação de softwares livres no Processamento de dados sísmicos de alta resolução

The increasing use of shallow seismic methods of high resolution, for investigations of geological problems, environmental or industrial, has impelled the development of techniques, flows and computational algorithms. The practice of applying techniques for processing this data, until recently it wasn t used and the interpretation of the data was made as they were acquired. In order to facilitate and contribute to the improvement of the practices adopted, was developed a free graphical application and open source, called OpenSeismic which is based on free software Seismic Un*x, widely used in the treatment of conventional seismic data used in the exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The data used to validate the initiative were marine seismic data of high resolution, acquired by the laboratory of Geology and Marine Geophysics and Environmental Monitoring - GGEMMA, of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN, for the SISPLAT Project, located at the region of paleo-valley of the Rio Acu. These data were submitted to the processing flow developed by Gomes (2009), using the free software developed in this work, the OpenSeismic, as well other free software, the Seismic Un*x and the commercial software ProMAX, where despite its peculiarities has presented similar results

Caracterização sonográfica e sismoestratigráfica de alta resolução do estuário do Rio Potengi, Natal - RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Sorologia Anti PGL-1 e risco de ocorrência de hanseníase em área de alta endemicidade do Estado de São Paulo: quatro anos de seguimento

Os testes sorológicos para diagnóstico de hanseníase, usando o glicolipídeo-fenólico-1 (PGL-1), considerado antígeno específico do M. leprae, têm aberto algumas possibilidades de estudo do comportamento epidemiológico desta doença. Algumas questões, como tempo de latência da doença, infecção subclínica e importância do contato intra-domiciliar (contatos) no controle da endemia, puderam ser melhor analisadas usando este instrumental. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a existência de associação entre a situação sorológica e a ocorrência de hanseníase. Foram seguidas, durante 4 anos, 6.520 pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 5 anos, submetidas no início do seguimento ao teste sorológico Anti PGL-1, pertencentes ao universo de 7.416 habitantes da área urbana de um município paulista caracterizado por elevada endemicidade de hanseníase. Foi identificado um grupo de 590 indivíduos soropositivos (9,0 %). Foram diagnosticados, no período, 82 casos novos de hanseníase, 26 no grupo de soropositivos (441 casos novos/10.000 indivíduos) e 48 no de soronegativos (81/10.000). Entre os que não fizeram sorologia, surgiram 8 casos novos (89/10.000). Procurou-se controlar, na análise, a condição de contato, dado que a taxa de soropositividade padronizada por idade e sexo era de 9,61% no grupo de contatos e 7,65% no de não-contatos. Tomando-se os não-contatos soronegativos como o grupo de não expostos, foram calculados os riscos relativos de adoecimento no período, a partir das taxas de detecção padronizadas por idade, resultando no seguinte: os contatos ID soropositivos apresentaram a taxa de 1.704/10.000, 27 vezes maior que a dos não-expostos, igual a 63/10.000; os não-contatos soropositivos e os contatos soronegativos apresentaram taxas, respectivamente, de 274 e 198/10.000, ambas maiores que as dos não-expostos e iguais entre si. A soropositividade associou-se à elevação de 8,6 vezes do risco de hanseníase entre os contatos e de 4,4 entre os não-contatos. Na situação epidemiológica estudada, caracterizada por elevada endemicidade de hanseníase, 50% dos casos novos surgiram entre os não-contatos soronegativos, ou seja, sem fonte de infecção conhecida. Portanto, o teste anti-PGL-1 usado revela-se, na prática, de pouca aplicabilidade. Resta estudar ainda o comportamento da sorologia anti-PGL-1 em áreas de média e baixa endemicidade para que se possa tirar conclusões mais consubstanciadas sobre sua utilidade no controle da endemia. Recomenda-se o aprofundamento das pesquisas sorológicas e de outras que aprimorem o diagnóstico precoce da infecção subclínica, inclusive para detecção de formas paucibacilares, para se ampliar as possibilidades de influir no controle endêmico.

Alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 arteriais e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de cavalos da raça Árabe durante exercício em esteira de alta velocidade

Avaliaram-se as alterações do pH, da P O2 e da P CO2 do sangue arterial e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de 11 cavalos adultos da raça Árabe, submetidos a exercício progressivo em esteira de alta velocidade. Antes do exercício, no intervalo dos 15 segundos finais de cada mudança de velocidade e aos 1, 3 e 5 minutos após o término do exercício foram coletadas amostras de sangue arterial e venoso para a mensuração dos gases sangüíneos e da concentração de lactato. O exercício resultou em diminuição do pH, da pressão parcial de O2 (P O2) e da pressão parcial de CO2 (P CO2). A concentração de lactato sangüíneo elevou-se exponencialmente a partir da velocidade de 8,0m/s até os momentos após término do exercício.

Parâmetros de fermentação ruminal em bovinos alimentados com grãos de milho ou sorgo de alta umidade ensilados

Os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal de dietas contendo silagem de sorgo úmido em substituição à de milho úmido foram estudados em 12 fêmeas bovinas, com peso médio de 584 kg. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos: substituição do milho úmido pelo sorgo úmido ensilado, nos níveis de 0, 50 e 100%. As dietas continham grão úmido de milho ou de sorgo ensilados, soja extrusada, uréia, feno de aveia (Avena sativa sp.), suplemento mineral e monensina. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro do feno de aveia. Não houve diferença sobre produção total de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGVs) no rúmen, porcentagem molar dos ácidos acético, propiônico e butírico, relação acético/propiônico, pH ruminal, concentração de N-NH3 no rúmen, fluxo e volume de líquidos do rúmen, nos diferentes tratamentos. A degradabilidade da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro do feno não apresentou diferenças. Não se constatou melhora nos parâmetros de fermentação ruminal com a associação dos grãos.

Nanocompósitos cerâmicos a partir do processo de moagem mecânica de alta energia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)