Participação das mulheres na política autárquica em Portugal nos últimos 25 anos (1982 a 2005): especial relevo para as mulheres eleitas apuradas para a presidência dos órgãos

The debate around the women`s participation in politics continues to be a very present subject. This article has the intention to select, in quantitative terms, that kind of participation, particularly in the case of the autarchic local administration in Portugal, through the last 25 years. It does not intend, thus, to study the best or worse feminine performance in the respective elections and/or the exercise of the mandate. The analysis involves the 308 local governments and the 4.261 parish’s existing in Portugal. It covers almost the totality of the elected officers in the period analysed which covers the elections of 1982, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001 and 2005,with a total of 276.068 elected men and women, where a total of 24.905 were women.

Simultaneous selection in progenies of yellow passion fruit using selection indices

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of simultaneous selection (selection indices) using estimated genetic gains in yellow passion fruit and to make a comparison between the methodologies of Mulamba & Mock and Elston. The study was conducted with 26 sib progenies of yellow passion fruit for intrinsic production characteristics including fruit number, fruit mass, fruit length and diameter, and for the fruit characteristics skin thickness, soluble solids and acidity. Two methodologies were applied: first, in the joint analysis of fruit characteristics and of intrinsic production characteristics in a single phase of selection; and second, in the analysis in two phases, in which priority was given to the intrinsic production characteristics in the first phase, and later, in the second phase, the best fruit characteristics were chosen among the progenies of the first phase. The analysis of variance was applied to the data to detect genetic variability among progenies. The Elston's selection indice was unable to provide distribution of genetic gains consistent with the purposes of the study, as it selected a single progeny of passion fruit. However, the index based on the sum of ranks of Mulamba & Mock was more suitable, as it provided a balanced distribution of gains, selecting a larger number of progenies. The methodology of selection using indices is advantageous in passion fruit, since it contributes to higher genetic gains for all the traits evaluated, and the selection in a single phase was proved efficient for progeny selection.

Adventitious rooting in cuttings of croton and hibiscus in response to indolbutyric acid and humic acid

Adventitious rooting of ornamental plants can be accelerated by the application of growth regulators, such as auxin. Humic acids, organic matter in soil and organic compounds also have a biostimulant effect. This work evaluated the rooting in cuttings of croton (Codianeum variegatum L. Rumph) and hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) in response to the application of different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA) and humic acid (HA). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Apical stem cuttings were treated with solutions at concentrations of: 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg L-1 IBA and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mmol L-1 HA carbon isolated from vermicomposting. Forty-five days after the applications, the cuttings were removed from the pots containing carbonized rice hull and the following variables were measured: rooting number, length and width of leaves, fresh and dry matter of root and aerial part and root area. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and the qualitative and quantitative effects of the treatments were compared by contrast and regression, respectively. Regression equations were used to determine the maximum efficiency level of root dry matter according to IBA and HA. Higher accumulation of root dry matter was recorded for the treatments with the doses 579 mg L-1 IBA and 14 mmol L-1 HA and 970 mg L-1 IBA and 50 mmol L-1 HA for root cuttings of croton and hibiscus, respectively. It was found that the application of eiher IBA or HA at the indicated doses accelerates rooting in cuttings of croton and hibiscus and contributes to the formation of vigorous plants.

Anotação ao Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Português), de 25 de Janeiro de 2011 - o contrato de franquia e a resolução

Resumo: 1 – Sumário do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, de 25 de Janeiro de 2011; 2 – Texto completo do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, de 25 de Janeiro de 2011, Juiz Conselheiro Garcia CALEJO (Relator), Juiz Conselheiro Hélder ROQUE e Juiz Conselheiro Sebastião PÓVOAS: cfr. http://www.dgsi.pt , 21 de Abril de 2011; 3 – Anotação; 3.1 – Introdução à anotação; 3.2 – A questão da resolução em termos gerais; 3.3 – A questão da resolução no «contrato atípico de franquia»; 4 – Conclusões; § Abstract: 1 - Summary of the Sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice, 25 of January of 2011; 2 - Complete text of the Sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice, 25 of January of 2011, Advising Judge Garcia CALEJO (Reporter), Advising Judge Hélder ROQUE and Advising Juiz Sebastião PÓVOAS: cfr. http://www.dgsi.pt , 21 of April of 2011; 3 - Notation; 3.1 - Introduction to the notation; 3.2 - The question of the resolution in general terms; 3.3 - The question of the resolution in the «atypical contract of franshise»; 4 - Conclusions;

Effect of acetic acid on rice seeds coated with rice husk ash

Flooded rice cultivation promotes anaerobic conditions, favoring the formation of short chain organic acids such as acetic acid, which may be toxic to the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of acetic acid on rice seeds coated with rice husk ash. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 5 x 5 factorial randomized design, with two cultivars (IRGA 424 and BRS Querência), five doses of coating material (0, 2, 3,4 e 5 g kg-1 seed) and five concentrations of acetic acid (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mM), with 4 replications, totaling 50 treatments. The variables first count of germination, germination, shoot and root length, dry weight of shoots and roots were recorded. The results showed that coating rice seeds with rice husk ash up to 5 g kg-1 seed does not influence the performance of rice seeds of cultivars IRGA 424 and BRS Querência when exposed to concentrations of 12 mM acetic acid. The presence of acetic acid in the substrates used for seed germination reduced the vigor and viability of seeds of cultivars IRGA 424 and BRS Querência, as well as seedling development, affecting mainly the roots of BRS Querência.

Bioactive albumin functionalized polylactic acid membranes for improved biocompatibility

Biocompatibility is a major challenge for successful application of many biomaterials. In this study the ability to coat chemically and enzymatically activated poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) membranes with heat denatured human serum albumin to improve biocompatibility was investigated. PLA membranes hydrolyzed with NaOH or cutinase and then treated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, hydrochloride (EDAC) as a heterobifunctional cross-linker promoted the coupling single bondCOOH groups on PLA membranes and single bondNH2 groups of heat denatured human serum albumin. This resulted in increased hydrophilicity (lowest water contact angles of 43° and 35°) and highest antioxidant activity (quenching of 79 μM and 115 μM tetramethylazobisquinone (TMAMQ) for NaOH and cutinase pretreated membranes, respectively). FTIR analysis of modified PLA membranes showed new peaks attributed to human serum albumin (amide bond, NH2 and side chain stretching) appearing within 3600–3000 cm−1 and 1700–1500 cm−1 (Fig. 3). MTT studies also showed that osteoblasts-like and MC-3T3-E1 cells viability increased 2.4 times as compared to untreated PLA membranes. The study therefore shows that this strategy of modifying the surfaces of PLA polymers could significantly improve biocompatibility.

Anotação ao Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Português), de 25 de Janeiro de 2011 - a resolução e o contrato de franquia

É importante chamar a atenção das possíveis diferenças entre o contrato de franquia e o contrato de agência no que diz respeito também ao problema da resolução em termos mais gerais ou em termos mais concretos; 1 – Sumário do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, de 25 de Janeiro de 2011; 2 – Texto completo do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, de 25 de Janeiro de 2011, Juiz Conselheiro Garcia CALEJO (Relator), Juiz Conselheiro Hélder ROQUE e Juiz Conselheiro Sebastião PÓVOAS: cfr. http://www.dgsi.pt , 21 de Abril de 2011; 3 – Anotação; 3.1 – Introdução à anotação; 3.2 – A questão da resolução em termos gerais; 3.3 – A questão da resolução no «contrato atípico de franquia»; 4 – Conclusões; Abstract: is important to draw attention to potential differences between the franchise agreement and agency agreement with regard also to the resolution problem in more general terms or in more concrete terms; 1 - Summary of the Sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice, 25 of January of 2011; 2 - Complete text of the Sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice, 25 of January of 2011, Advising Judge Garcia CALEJO (Reporter), Advising Judge Hélder ROQUE and Advising Juiz Sebastião PÓVOAS: cfr. http://www.dgsi.pt , 21 of April of 2011; 3 - Notation; 3.1 - Introduction to the notation; 3.2 - The question of the resolution in general terms; 3.3 - The question of the resolution in the «atypical contract of franshise»; 4 - Conclusions;

Heat shock and salicylic acid on postharvest preservation of organic strawberries

Heat shock and salicylic acid have been studied on shelf-life extension of fruits. The benefits of these techniques have been related to their effect on inducing physiological defense responses against the oxidative stress and pathogen development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat shock and salicylic acid on the postharvest preservation and contents of total phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, fresh weight loss and microbiological quality of organic strawberries cv. Dover. Strawberries produced organically and stored at 5 ºC were subjected to heat shock (45 ºC ± 3 ºC for 3 h), application of salicylic acid (soaking in 2.0 mmol L-1 solution), heat shock in combination with salicylic acid and control. After treatment, the fruits were packed and stored in a climatic chamber at 5 ºC ± 2 ºC. At 1, 7 and 14 days, the experimental units were removed from refrigeration and kept at room temperature of approximately 20 ºC for two days. There was no effect of treatments on fresh weight loss, incidence of pathogens or chemical variations in strawberry fruits during the storage period. In natural conditions, organically grown strawberries remained in good condition for sale up to seven days of storage in all treatments.

25 de Abril para sempre? "Fascismo" nunca mais?

Nem está garantido que o “25 de Abril seja para sempre”. O mais certo é que não esteja. Nem está assegurado, qual verdade ontológica, que não haverá mais “fascismo” ou um outro “Estado Novo de inspiração fascista”, como alguns preferem descrever o período histórico vivido em Portugal entre 1933 (com raízes em 1928 após eleição de Óscar Carmona) e o 25 de Abril de 1974. O mais certo é que surjam novos tipos de “fascismo”. § Abstract: Neither is guaranteed that the "April 25th is forever." Most likely it is not. Neither is assured, what ontological truth, there will be no more "fascism" or another "New State of fascist inspiration," as some prefer to describe the historical period lived in Portugal between 1933 (with roots in 1928 after Óscar Carmona Election) and April 25, 1974. most likely there are new types of "fascism."

Acclimation of croton and hibiscus seedlings in response to the application of indobultiric acid and humic acid for rooting

The vegetative propagation of ornamental plants can be accelerated by applying plant growth regulators. Amongst them, the use of auxins, plant hormones with physiological effects on cell elongation and rooting have stood out. Alternatively, the application of humic acids, bioactive fraction of soil organic matter, also results in increases in rooting cuttings of ornamental plants. The objective of this work was to study the growth characteristics and the nutritional contents of croton and hibiscus plants during acclimation of seedlings in response to different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and humic acid (HA) applied to cuttings for rooting. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, and the apical stem cuttings were treated with solutions with concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1of IBA and 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg L-1 of C from HA. At 45 days of rooting in carbonized rice husk, they were individually transferred to plastic bags of 2.0 dm3 containing a mixture of soil: sand: manure (2: 1: 1) as substrate. At 90 days of acclimation, the plants were collected for measurement of growth and nutritional variables. The results showed that the application of the IBA stimulates the absorption of nutrients and growth of croton cuttings and transplanted hibiscus, contributing to formation of vigorous seedlings. A similar response occurred with the application of HA in hibiscus cuttings

25 DE ABRIL e CONSTITUIÇÃO

Revolução do 25 de Abril de 1974 e Constituição. 2/4/1976 é a data de nascimento da Constituição da República Portuguesa. No intermédio vigorou a Constituição salazarista de 1933. § Revolution of April 25, 1974 and the Constitution. 02/04/1976 is the date of birth of the Portuguese Constitution. The intermediate lasted Salazar's Constitution of 1933.

Anotação ao Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Português), de 25 de Janeiro de 2011 - a resolução e o contrato de franquia

is important to draw attention to potential differences between the franchise agreement and agency agreement with regard also to the resolution problem in more general terms or in more concrete terms; 1 - Summary of the Sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice, 25 of January of 2011; 2 - Complete text of the Sentence of the Supreme Court of Justice, 25 of January of 2011, Advising Judge Garcia CALEJO (Reporter), Advising Judge Hélder ROQUE and Advising Juiz Sebastião PÓVOAS: cfr. http://www.dgsi.pt , 21 of April of 2011; 3 - Notation; 3.1 - Introduction to the notation; 3.2 - The question of the resolution in general terms; 3.3 - The question of the resolution in the «atypical contract of franshise»; 4 - Conclusions;

Proventricular Intussusception in a yellow Rosella (Platycercus Flaveolus)

A intussuscepção intestinal ocorre quando um segmento proximal do tracto digestivo (intussuscepto) telescopa dentro do segmento distal (intussuscepto). Este tipo de patologia é comum no tracto intestinal dos mamíferos. O autor testemunhou um caso raro de intussuscepção do proventrículo no ventrículo numa Rosela amarela (Platycercus flaveolus). Encontra aqui uma descrição do caso clínico.

Estudo comparativo da pressão arterial e da prevalência de hipertensão arterial em duas coortes sucessivas (1975-1976) de estudantes de 16 a 25 anos, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

Com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de pressão arterial e a prevalência de hipertensão arterial em uma população jovem, foram realizados pesquisas em dois anos sucessivos em 1.288 e 736 estudantes de Botucatu, SP (Brasil) tendo sido comparados os resultados obtidos. As médias das pressões sistólicas da população estudada e dos dois grupos etários desta população (16 a 20 anos e 21 a 25 anos) foram idênticas em ambos os anos, tendo as médias das pressões diastólicas diferido de no máximo 2 mmHg; as médias, tanto sistólicas quanto diastólicas, dos dois sexos e da parcela branca da população estudada quanto à idade e sexo também diferiram de no máximo 2 mmHg. As médias da população estudada e sua parcela branca, em ambos os anos, foram superiores no sexo masculino e no grupo etário de 21 a 25 anos. Na população negra e amarela houve disparidade de resultados entre 1975 e 1976, indicando influência da exiguidade do tamanho dos contigentes negro e amarelo desta população. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial (pressão sistólica igual ou maior que 140 mmHg e diastólica igual ou maior que 90 mmHg) foi de 5,04% em 1975 e 6,22% em 1976, tendo sido em ambos os anos maior no sexo masculino do que no feminino e no grupo de 21 a 25 do que no de 16 a 20 anos.

Biting activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae)

The biting activity of a population of Aedes scapularis (Rondani), Haemagogus capricornii Lutz and Hg. leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon) in Southern Brazil was studied between March 1980 and April 1983. Data were obtained with 25-hour human bait catches in three areas with patchy residual forests, named "Jacaré-Pepira", "Lupo" Farm, and "Sta. Helena" Farm, in the highland region of S. Paulo State (Brazil). Data obtained on Ae. scapularis were compared with those formerly gathered in the "Ribeira'' Valley lowlands, and were similar, except in the "Lupo" Farm study area, where a precrepuscular peak was observed, not recorded at the "Jacaré-Pepira" site or in the "Ribeira" Valley. In all the areas this mosquito showed diurnal and nocturnal activity, but was most active during the evening crepuscular period. These observations support the hypothesis about the successful adaptation of Ae. scapularis to man-made environments and have epidemiological implications that arise from it. As for Haemagogus, results obtained on the "Lupo" and "Sta. Helena" regions agree with previous data obtained in several other regions and show its diurnal activity. The proximity of "Lupo" Farm, where Hg. capricornii and Hg. leucocelaenus showed considerable activity, to "Araraquara" city where Aedes aegypti was recently found, raises some epidemiological considerations about the possibility of urban yellow fever resurgence.