Plano de ação para organizar a demanda espontânea em uma Unidade de Saúde em Mariana - MG

Introdução: Devido ao aumento expressivo de pacientes que procuram a atenção primária para atendimentos de urgência/emergência, torna-se importante adequar as unidades básicas para oferecer atendimento responsável e de qualidade aos usuários. A região de Cabanas, situada na cidade de Mariana-MG, apresenta aproximadamente, 11.000 habitantes, grande parte com baixo padrão sócio econômico. O Centro de Saúde dessa região (Policlínica Padre José de Arimatéia) possui três Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESFs) completas e uma adequada infraestrutura. Porém, frequentemente, percebe-se que o número de procura por consultas de urgência/emergência ultrapassa o número de atendimentos que a unidade suporta, gerando conflitos entre profissionais e usuários. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo formular um plano de ação para a organização da demanda espontânea na UBS Cabanas através da criação de projetos: "conscientizar para melhor atender", "+ Capacitação", "Saber agora", "Apoiar sempre", visando solucionar os principais "nós críticos" para concretizar a organização da demanda espontânea em Cabanas. Estes seriam: falta de interesse para a implantação da classificação de risco, falta de profissional qualificado, pouco conhecimento da população e entraves políticos. Metodologia: Para a realização desse trabalho, utilizou-se de pesquisas bibliográficas com materiais dos últimos 10 anos, publicações do Governo Federal e o Banco de dados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB). O Ministério da Saúde propõe um acolhimento com avaliação e classificação de risco como forma de diminuir a sobrecarga dos serviços de urgência e emergência, o qual pode ser incorporado nas unidades básicas para organização da demanda espontânea. O atendimento com prioridade de risco garante que os princípios da equidade sejam colocados em prática. Com os principais problemas identificados e os projetos apresentados, o trabalho propõe resultados e produtos a serem alcançados.

A esquistossomose no distrito de Águas Claras (Mariana-Minas Gerais)

O presente Trabalho de conclusão de curso versa sobre a esquistossomose que é uma das parasitoses humanas mais difundidas no mundo. Sua ocorrência está relacionada a ausência ou precariedade de saneamento básico. Durante o ano de 2013, no território referente à Estratégia Saúde da Família de Águas Claras (Mariana- Minas Gerais) foi averiguada uma alta prevalência, refletindo a precariedade das condições socioeconômicas e a negligência por parte do Estado em fornecer melhores condições de vida ás populações rurais do Brasil. Sendo assim, o estudo objetivou realizar uma breve revisão bibliográfica, para bases conceituais, em artigos, manuais do Ministério da Saúde e livros de uso pessoal e disponíveis na internet; além de apresentar as ações realizadas pela equipe de saúde neste ano na abordagem desta doença. Diante do exposto, constatou-se então que não somente o tratamento medicamentoso é suficiente, havendo a necessidade de desenvolvimento de uma vacina eficaz associada a uma educação sanitária permanente da população.

Plano de ação para sistematizar o atendimento às gestantes na UAPS Passagem de Mariana

A Atenção à Saúde da mulher tem sido um dos pontos chave para a melhoria dos indicadores de saúde nacionais; dentre todas as ações preconizadas, destaca-se a Assistência ao Pré-Natal. A gestação é um momento ímpar na vida das mulheres, na qual as ações de prevenção e promoção à saúde trazem grandes impactos sanitários, tanto maternos, quanto fetais e infantis.A atenção à saúde materno infantil, no Brasil, obteve grandes conquistas ao longo das últimas décadas. Isso é comprovado pela importante diminuição nos indicadores de mortalidade materna e perinatal. Todavia, apesar da diminuição esses valores continuam altos, ainda mais no contexto atual da economia brasileira. Uma das questões que tem ganhado destaque para explicar a persistência desse problema é a questionável qualidade da assistência prestada. Observa-se, e isso corrobora o que foi selecionado como nó critico da Assistência Pré-Natal na UAPS de Passagem de Mariana, que não há padronização dos procedimentos e ações, essenciais para garantir a efetividade da assistência. No entanto, ações simples, focadas no contexto do programa de saúde da família, que envolvam toda a equipe multidisciplinar, têm grande potencial de revolucionar a qualidade e efetividade da assistência prestada.Dessa forma, o presente trabalho, com base em literatura pertinente, propõe uma intervenção, com ações de fácil execução, mas que têm potencial de tornar a Assistência Pré-Natal na UAPS Passagem de Mariana mais efetiva, e dessa forma, garantir um acompanhamento longitudinal, integral e coordenado de maior qualidade.

Capacitação para a prática do acolhimento da Equipe de Saúde da Família Cabanas 03, Mariana - MG

Na Política Nacional de Humanização do Sistema Único de Saúde, o acolhimento é uma das principais diretrizes na promoção de humanização do atendimento, organização do serviço e fortalecimento do vínculo entre usuário e equipes de saúde. Este trabalho propõe uma capacitação sobre acolhimento para os funcionários de uma unidade de saúde localizada no bairro Cabanas, na cidade de Mariana, Minas Gerais. Serão realizadas atividades educativas que não só abordem o conteúdo, o conceito e a importância do acolhimento, mas também um espaço para que sejam realizadas reflexões e discussões sobre o atendimento prestado na Unidade, os problemas e dificuldades encontradas e também sugestões para realização de melhorias. Espera-se com isso, propiciar à equipe a prática de escuta adequada e eficaz dos pacientes, de forma que esses sejam capazes de responder as suas queixas e angústias que o levaram a procurar atendimento, orientando o caminho a ser levado na resolução de cada caso.

The Cratylia Mollis Seed Lectin Induces Membrane Permeability Transition In Isolated Rat Liver Mitochondria And A Cyclosporine A-insensitive Permeability Transition In Trypanosoma Cruzi Mitochondria.

Previous results provided evidence that Cratylia mollis seed lectin (Cramoll 1,4) promotes Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes death by necrosis via a mechanism involving plasma membrane permeabilization to Ca(2+) and mitochondrial dysfunction due to matrix Ca(2+) overload. In order to investigate the mechanism of Ca(2+) -induced mitochondrial impairment, experiments were performed analyzing the effects of this lectin on T. cruzi mitochondrial fraction and in isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM), as a control. Confocal microscopy of T. cruzi whole cell revealed that Cramoll 1,4 binding to the plasma membrane glycoconjugates is followed by its internalization and binding to the mitochondrion. Electrical membrane potential (∆Ψm ) of T. cruzi mitochondrial fraction suspended in a reaction medium containing 10 μM Ca(2+) was significantly decreased by 50 μg/ml Cramoll 1,4 via a mechanism insensitive to cyclosporine A (CsA, membrane permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor), but sensitive to catalase or 125 mM glucose. In RLM suspended in a medium containing 10 μM Ca(2+) this lectin, at 50 μg/ml, induced increase in the rate of hydrogen peroxide release, mitochondrial swelling, and ∆Ψm disruption. All these mitochondrial alterations were sensitive to CsA, catalase, and EGTA. These results indicate that Cramoll 1, 4 leads to inner mitochondrial membrane permeabilization through Ca(2+) dependent mechanisms in both mitochondria. The sensitivity to CsA in RLM characterizes this lectin as a MPT inducer and the lack of CsA effect identifies a CsA-insensitive MPT in T. cruzi mitochondria.

Silk Fibroin And Sodium Alginate Blend: Miscibility And Physical Characteristics.

Films of silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) blends were prepared by solution casting technique. The miscibility of SF and SA in those blends was evaluated and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SF/SA 25/75 wt.% blends underwent microscopic phase separation, resulting in globular structures composed mainly of SF. X-ray diffraction indicated the amorphous nature of these blends, even after a treatment with ethanol that turned them insoluble in water. Thermal analyses of blends showed the peaks of degradation of pristine SF and SA shifted to intermediate temperatures. Water vapor permeability, swelling capacity and tensile strength of SF films could be enhanced by blending with SA. Cell viability remained between 90 and 100%, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity test. The SF/SA blend with self-assembled SF globules can be used to modulate structural and mechanical properties of the final material and may be used in designing high performance wound dressing.

Integrated Proteomics Identified Up-regulated Focal Adhesion-mediated Proteins In Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma In An Orthotopic Murine Model.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis will yield important advances in diagnostics, prognostics, effective treatment, and outcome of oral cancer. Hence, in this study we have investigated the proteomic and peptidomic profiles by combining an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mass spectrometry-based proteomics and biological network analysis. Our results indicated the up-regulation of proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and cell-cell junction assembly events and their expression was validated in human OSCC tissues. In addition, the functional relevance of talin-1 in OSCC adhesion, migration and invasion was demonstrated. Taken together, this study identified specific processes deregulated in oral cancer and provided novel refined OSCC-targeting molecules.

Is Thyroid Stunning Clinically Relevant? A Retrospective Analysis Of 208 Patients.

Current guidelines have advised against the performance of (131)I-iodide diagnostic whole body scintigraphy (dxWBS) to minimize the occurrence of stunning, and to guarantee the efficiency of radioiodine therapy (RIT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of stunning on the efficacy of RIT and disease outcome. This retrospective analysis included 208 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer managed according to a same protocol and followed up for 12-159 months (mean 30 ± 69 months). Patients received RIT in doses ranging from 3,700 to 11,100 MBq (100 mCi to 300 mCi). Post-RIT-whole body scintigraphy images were performed 10 days after RIT in all patients. In addition, images were also performed 24-48 hours after therapy in 22 patients. Outcome was classified as no evidence of disease (NED), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Thyroid stunning occurred in 40 patients (19.2%), including 26 patients with NED and 14 patients with SD. A multivariate analysis showed no association between disease outcome and the occurrence of stunning (p = 0.3476). The efficacy of RIT and disease outcome do not seem to be related to thyroid stunning.

Defective Apoptosis In Intestinal And Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Of Crohn's Disease Patients.

Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with complex pathogenic pathways involving defects in apoptosis mechanisms. Recently, mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) has been associated with CD ethiopathology, since adipose thickening is detected close to the affected intestinal area. However, the potential role of altered apoptosis in MAT of CD has not been addressed. To evaluate apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa and MAT of patients with CD. Samples of intestinal mucosa and MAT from patients with ileocecal CD and from non-inflammatory bowel diseases patients (controls) were studied. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay and correlated with the adipocytes histological morphometric analysis. The transcriptional and protein analysis of selected genes and proteins related to apoptosis were determined. TUNEL assay showed fewer apoptotic cells in CD, when compared to the control groups, both in the intestinal mucosa and in MAT. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells (TUNEL) correlated significantly with the area and perimeter of the adipose cells in MAT. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal a significantly lower transcript and protein levels of Bax in the intestinal mucosa of CD, compared to the controls; low protein levels of Bax were found localized in the lamina propria and not in the epithelium of this tissue. Furthermore, higher level of Bcl-2 and low level of Caspase 3 were seen in the MAT of CD patients. The defective apoptosis in MAT may explain the singular morphological characteristics of this tissue in CD, which may be implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Rat Atrial Responses To Bothrops Jararacussu (jararacuçu) Snake Venom.

Envenoming by the pitviper Bothrops jararacussu produces cardiovascular alterations, including coagulopathy, systemic hemorrhage, hypotension, circulatory shock and renal failure. In this work, we examined the activity of this venom in rat isolated right atria. Incubation with venom (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mg/ml) caused concentration-dependent muscle contracture that was not reversed by washing. Muscle damage was seen histologically and confirmed by quantification of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) release. Heating and preincubation of venom with p-bromophenacyl bromide (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) abolished the venom-induced contracture and muscle damage. In contrast, indomethacin, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and verapamil, a voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel blocker, did not affect the responses to venom. Preincubation of venom with Bothrops or Bothrops/Crotalus antivenom or the addition of antivenom soon after venom attenuated the venom-induced changes in atrial function and tissue damage. These results indicate that B. jararacussu venom adversely affected rat atrial contractile activity and muscle organization through the action of venom PLA2; these venom-induced alterations were attenuated by antivenom.

The Crystal-t Algorithm: A New Approach To Calculate The Sle Of Lipidic Mixtures Presenting Solid Solutions.

Lipidic mixtures present a particular phase change profile highly affected by their unique crystalline structure. However, classical solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) thermodynamic modeling approaches, which assume the solid phase to be a pure component, sometimes fail in the correct description of the phase behavior. In addition, their inability increases with the complexity of the system. To overcome some of these problems, this study describes a new procedure to depict the SLE of fatty binary mixtures presenting solid solutions, namely the Crystal-T algorithm. Considering the non-ideality of both liquid and solid phases, this algorithm is aimed at the determination of the temperature in which the first and last crystal of the mixture melts. The evaluation is focused on experimental data measured and reported in this work for systems composed of triacylglycerols and fatty alcohols. The liquidus and solidus lines of the SLE phase diagrams were described by using excess Gibbs energy based equations, and the group contribution UNIFAC model for the calculation of the activity coefficients of both liquid and solid phases. Very low deviations of theoretical and experimental data evidenced the strength of the algorithm, contributing to the enlargement of the scope of the SLE modeling.

15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Reduces Albumin-induced Arthritis In Temporomandibular Joint Of Rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral effect of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in albumin-induced arthritis in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was generated in rats with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) diluted in complete Freund׳s adjuvant. Pretreatment with an intra-articular injection of 15d-PGJ2 (100 ng/TMJ) before mBSA intra-articular injection (10 µg/TMJ) (challenge) in immunized rats significantly reduced the albumin-induced arthritis inflammation. The results demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 was able to inhibit plasma extravasation, leukocyte migration and the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and the chemokine CINC-1 in the TMJ tissues. In addition, 15d-PGJ2 was able to increase the expression of the anti-adhesive molecule CD55 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Taken together, it is possible to suggest that 15d-PGJ2 inhibit leukocyte infiltration and subsequently inflammatory process, through a shift in the balance of the pro- and anti-adhesive properties. Thus, 15d-PGJ2 might be used as a potential anti-inflammatory drug to treat arthritis-induced inflammation of the temporomandibular joint.

[association Between Breast Arterial Calcifications And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Menopausal Women].

To analyze associations between mammographic arterial mammary calcifications in menopausal women and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study, in which we analyzed the mammograms and medical records of 197 patients treated between 2004 and 2005. Study variables were: breast arterial calcifications, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension. For statistical analysis, we used the Mann-Whitney, χ2 and Cochran-Armitage tests, and also evaluated the prevalence ratios between these variables and mammary artery calcifications. Data were analyzed with the SAS version 9.1 software. In the group of 197 women, there was a prevalence of 36.6% of arterial calcifications on mammograms. Among the risk factors analyzed, the most frequent were hypertension (56.4%), obesity (31.9%), smoking (15.2%), and diabetes (14.7%). Acute coronary syndrome and stroke presented 5.6 and 2.0% of prevalence, respectively. Among the mammograms of women with diabetes, the odds ratio of mammary artery calcifications was 2.1 (95%CI 1.0-4.1), with p-value of 0.02. On the other hand, the mammograms of smokers showed the low occurrence of breast arterial calcification, with an odds ratio of 0.3 (95%CI 0.1-0.8). Hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, stroke and acute coronary syndrome were not significantly associated with breast arterial calcification. The occurrence of breast arterial calcification was associated with diabetes mellitus and was negatively associated with smoking. The presence of calcification was independent of the other risk factors for cardiovascular disease analyzed.

[adherence To Statin Treatment And Associated Factors In Female Users From The Unified Health System (sus)].

To identify the adherence rate of a statin treatment and possible related factors in female users from the Unified Health System. Seventy-one women were evaluated (64.2 ± 11.0 years) regarding the socio-economic level, comorbidities, current medications, level of physical activity, self-report of muscular pain, adherence to the medical prescription, body composition and biochemical profile. The data were analyzed as frequencies, Chi-Squared test, and Mann Whitney test (p<0.05). 15.5% of women did not adhere to the medical prescription for the statin treatment, whose had less comorbidities (p=0.01), consumed less quantities of medications (p=0.00), and tended to be younger (p=0.06). Those patients also presented higher values of lipid profile (CT: p=0.01; LDL-c: p=0.02). Musculoskeletal complains were not associated to the adherence rate to the medication. The associated factors to adherence of dyslipidemic women to statin medical prescription were age, quantity of comorbidities and quantity of current medication.

Developmental Rate Of Immatures Of Two Fly Species Of Forensic Importance: Sarcophaga (liopygia) Ruficornis And Microcerella Halli (diptera: Sarcophagidae).

Since insect species are poikilothermic organisms, they generally exhibit different growth patterns depending on the temperature at which they develop. This factor is important in forensic entomology, especially for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) when it is based on the developmental time of the insects reared in decomposing bodies. This study aimed to estimate the rates of development, viability, and survival of immatures of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius 1794) and Microcerella halli (Engel 1931) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) reared in different temperatures: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1 °C. Bovine raw ground meat was offered as food for all experimental groups, each consisting of four replicates, in the proportion of 2 g/larva. To measure the evolution of growth, ten specimens of each group were randomly chosen and weighed every 12 h, from initial feeding larva to pupae, and then discarded. Considering the records of weight gain, survival rates, and stability of growth rates, the range of optimum temperature for the development of S. (L.) ruficornis is between 20 and 35 °C, and that of M. halli is between 20 and 25 °C. For both species, the longest times of development were in the lowest temperatures. The survival rate at extreme temperatures (10 and 35 °C) was lower in both species. Biological data such as the ones obtained in this study are of great importance to achieve a more accurate estimate of the PMI.