Actividades interdisciplinarias

The objective of this work is to show both experiences of multidisciplinary activities and the way to an interdisciplinary vision of the development of scientific -- technological investigations carried out at Engineering Faculty of the Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, under the investigation program "Seed Technology (TECSE)". Interdisciplinary teamwork is an inevitable quality in the XXI Century scientist or professional. Therefore a qualitative characteristic is imposed from a multidisciplinary work stage towards an interdisciplinary teamwork activity, turning a narrow vision of problems from a particular profession or science into an articulation of knowledge and interests to obtain an integral solution.

Condiciones de trabajo psicosociales y desgaste psíquico en trabajadores de diversos sectores empresariales de Centro Oriente, Suroccidente y región Caribe en Colombia

Peer-reviewed

Sevillian transport jars in early colonial America: the case of Santa María La Antigua del Darién (Colombia)

Within the scope of the TECNOLONIAL (HAR2008-02834/HIST) project, an archaeologi- cal and archaeometric research is being conduct- ed in order to clarify and systematize transport jars production in the Iberian peninsula and their distribution abroad, especially to the Americas, from the 15th to the 17th century. The production centre of Seville, in the Crown of Castile, produced large glazed and unglazed transport jars, called botijas, which were mainly devoted to the Atlantic trade network. The pres- ent study accounts for the first results obtained from an initial sample of 34 transport jars dated around the 15th-16th centuries from the produc- tion centre of Seville and the reception site of Santa María de la Antigua del Darién (gulf of Urabá, Colombia). This latter site is especially significant since it was the first Spanish founda- tion (1510) in continental America that obtained the title of town, and was the seat for the Governor of the new region called Castilla de Oro, as well as for the first diocese. All individuals were analyzed by means of x-ray fluorescence and diffraction analyses and then compared with the majolica production database from Seville. The results enabled us to define the first refer- ence groups for such modern transport jars, and to get a first insight into the jars coming to the Americas in the early 16th century whose prove- nance can be linked to Seville, but not Triana.

Is the wage curve formal or informal? Evidence for Colombia

The objective of this paper is to analyse the existente or not of a wage curve in Colombia, paying special attention to the differences between formal and informal workers, an issue that has been systematically ignored in the wage curve literature. The obtained results using microdata from the Colombian Continuous Household Survey (CHS) between 2002 and 2006 show the existence of a wage curve with a negative slope for the Colombian economy. Using information on metropolitan areas, the estimates of the elasticity of individual wages to local unemployment rates was -0.07, a value that is very close to those obtained for other countries. However, the disaggregation of statistical information for formal and informal workers has shown significant differences among both groups of workers. In particular, for the less protected groups of the labour market, informal workers (both men and women), a high negatively sloped wage curve was found. This result is consistent with the conclusions from efficiency wage theoretical models and should be taken into account when analysing the functioning of regional labour markets in developing countries.

Interpretar pedagógicamente las actividades acuáticas para bebés. Aportaciones desde la fenomenología

Esta comunicación presenta una investigación que tiene como objetivo comprender el potencial pedagógico del espacio acuático sobre los bebés. Para hacerlo, parte de un planteamiento metodológico de carácter filosófico que utiliza la fenomenologia como vía de descubierta y en donde el propio proceso formativo de los investigadores se manifiesta como un elemento decisivo. Desde esta postura se justifica la historia y los pasos que se han seguido en el proceso de construcción de la búsqueda los cuales muestran la actitud que lo ha gobernado y que ha permitido seguir un proceso que le ha permitido transitar desde la vivencia más personal al conocimiento consciente, experiencial y transpersonal. En coherencia con la metodología fenomenológica se ha procedido a la búsqueda de las esencias del fenómeno como son la reducción gnoseológica que re-observa las actividades de los bebés en el medio acuático. La reducción eidética ha estudiado las esencias del medio acuático como espacio pluridimensional y el estudio del bebé en su etapa de cero a tres años desde una perspectiva holística integradora de las dimensiones emocional y social, cognitiva y psicomotriz. Para, finalmente, y como resultado de la búsqueda, construir las esencias de una propuesta de acción pedagógica en el medio acuático que se muestra, en ella misma, como el soporte de experiencia formativa.

Enseñar a aprender a pensar en los centros educativos, incluso en las actividades de evaluación.= Teaching to learn how to think at schools, even within assessment activities

El auténtico protagonismo de los centros educativostiene que dirigirse a ayudar a pensar a sus alumnos y aenseñarlos a aprender, es decir, el docente tiene queenseñar estrategias de aprendizaje y debe promover elesfuerzo del estudiante para facilitar la construcción deesquemas y el aprendizaje permanente.El profesor debe utilizar cualquier situación deaprendizaje para enseñar dichas estrategias deaprendizaje, incluso en las situaciones de evaluación;por lo tanto, en este trabajo se sugiere que en lasevaluaciones de los alumnos y alumnas se tenga encuenta la metacognición como factor fundamental en elaprendizaje y la enseñanza

Effects of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents or bare metal stent on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: patient level meta-analysis

Objectives: To examine the safety and effectiveness of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents compared with bare metal stents. Design: Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cox proportional regression models stratified by trial, containing random effects, were used to assess the impact of stent type on outcomes. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval for outcomes were reported. Data sources and study selection: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials that compared cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents with bare metal stents were selected. The principal investigators whose trials met the inclusion criteria provided data for individual patients. Primary outcomes: The primary outcome was cardiac mortality. Secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, definite or probable stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularisation, and all cause death. Results: The search yielded five randomised controlled trials, comprising 4896 participants. Compared with patients receiving bare metal stents, participants receiving cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents had a significant reduction of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.91; P=0.01), myocardial infarction (0.71, 0.55 to 0.92; P=0.01), definite stent thrombosis (0.41, 0.22 to 0.76; P=0.005), definite or probable stent thrombosis (0.48, 0.31 to 0.73; P<0.001), and target vessel revascularisation (0.29, 0.20 to 0.41; P<0.001) at a median follow-up of 720 days. There was no significant difference in all cause death between groups (0.83, 0.65 to 1.06; P=0.14). Findings remained unchanged at multivariable regression after adjustment for the acuity of clinical syndrome (for instance, acute coronary syndrome v stable coronary artery disease), diabetes mellitus, female sex, use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and up to one year v longer duration treatment with dual antiplatelets. Conclusions: This meta-analysis offers evidence that compared with bare metal stents the use of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents improves global cardiovascular outcomes including cardiac survival, myocardial infarction, and overall stent thrombosis.

Effects of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents or bare metal stent on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: patient level meta-analysis

Objectives: To examine the safety and effectiveness of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents compared with bare metal stents. Design: Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cox proportional regression models stratified by trial, containing random effects, were used to assess the impact of stent type on outcomes. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval for outcomes were reported. Data sources and study selection: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials that compared cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents with bare metal stents were selected. The principal investigators whose trials met the inclusion criteria provided data for individual patients. Primary outcomes: The primary outcome was cardiac mortality. Secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, definite or probable stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularisation, and all cause death. Results: The search yielded five randomised controlled trials, comprising 4896 participants. Compared with patients receiving bare metal stents, participants receiving cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents had a significant reduction of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.91; P=0.01), myocardial infarction (0.71, 0.55 to 0.92; P=0.01), definite stent thrombosis (0.41, 0.22 to 0.76; P=0.005), definite or probable stent thrombosis (0.48, 0.31 to 0.73; P<0.001), and target vessel revascularisation (0.29, 0.20 to 0.41; P<0.001) at a median follow-up of 720 days. There was no significant difference in all cause death between groups (0.83, 0.65 to 1.06; P=0.14). Findings remained unchanged at multivariable regression after adjustment for the acuity of clinical syndrome (for instance, acute coronary syndrome v stable coronary artery disease), diabetes mellitus, female sex, use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and up to one year v longer duration treatment with dual antiplatelets. Conclusions: This meta-analysis offers evidence that compared with bare metal stents the use of cobalt-chromium everolimus eluting stents improves global cardiovascular outcomes including cardiac survival, myocardial infarction, and overall stent thrombosis.

Condiciones de trabajo psicosociales y desgaste psíquico en trabajadores de diversos sectores empresariales de centro-oriente, suroccidente y región Caribe en Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de trabajadores de distintos sectores empresariales de Colombia sobre los factores psicosociales presentes en su entorno laboral y la relación entre los factores psicosociales nocivos y los síntomas subjetivos y alteraciones de la salud. Materiales y métodos: Estudio no experimental, transversal y cuantitativo. Participaron 370 trabajadores, de diferentes sectores empresariales de Colombia (Centro-Oriente, Suroccidente y región Caribe). Instrumento: batería para el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo de carácter psicosocial (CTCPS-MAC), validada para población iberoamericana, permite evaluar cuatro dimensiones: Contexto de trabajo, Contenido de trabajo, Factores individuales y Desgaste psíquico e incluye catorce factores psicosociales. Los datos se analizaron con IBM SPSS statistics 21. Se realizó análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariante de factores psicosociales nocivos y desgaste psíquico. Resultados: Los factores formación, baja médica, contexto de trabajo, contenido de trabajo y factores individuales están asociados en este estudio con desgaste psíquico. El contexto de trabajo es la variable que infiere mayor riesgo (p=0.000; Exp (B)= 5.355) para provocar desgaste psíquico, seguida de la formación técnica o superior y del contenido del trabajo. Conclusiones: Si bien aquellos trabajadores cuya percepción nociva del contexto de trabajo (interrelación trabajo-vida familiar/personal, cultura de la organización, gestión de la empresa, etc.), del contenido de trabajo (concepción tareas, carga y ritmo de trabajo, etc.) y los que tienen formación técnica o superior tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer desgaste psíquico, se observan aspectos positivos de las condiciones de trabajo psicosocial y su influencia en los trabajadores y en las organizaciones.

Extracción de compuestos con actividad antioxidante de frutos de guayaba cultivada en Vélez-Santander, Colombia

The effects of the extraction system (50% methanol or 50% methanol pH 2.0), volume/material ratio, temperature, time and extractions with 70% acetone were evaluated in the total phenolic compounds (TPC) extraction and in antioxidant activities (AA) using FRAP and ABTS assays in guava fruit. The best yield was obtained when 0.5 g of guava were extracted first with 20 mL 50% methanol and then four times with 20 mL 70% acetone during 30 min at 50 °C. Among the different trials guava fruit exhibited high levels of AA as well as TPC.

Determinación de vitamina C, compuestos fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante de frutas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) cultivadas en Colombia

Some physicochemical parameters, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (AA) measured by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH methods were determinated in four different varieties of ripe guava produced in Colombia. Samples were statistically similar in their titratable acidity. Soluble solids were statistically similar and higher in "Pear", "Pink Regional", and "White Regional", but lower in "Apple" guavas. Vitamin C was statistically lower in "Pear" guava. Phenolics, ABTS-, FRAP-, and DPPH-AA were statistically lower in "Apple" guava if compared in wet basis. "Pink Regional" and "White Regional" contained the highest levels in vitamin C, phenolics and antioxidant activity.

Electrochemical study, on mercury, of a Meta-nitroarylamine derivative of nor-β-lapachone, an antitumor and trypanocidal compound

The electrochemistry of 2,2-dimethyl-(3H)-3-(N-3'-nitrophenylamino)naphtho[1,2- b]furan-4,5-dione ([Q]-PhNO2), on mercury was investigated. The first peak is consistent with a quasi-reversible one-electron reduction of the ortho-quinone, forming [Q•-]-PhNO2, while the second one, bielectronic, corresponds to the simultaneous reduction of the latter radical to a dianion and the nitro group to a nitro radical anion. The second order rate constant, k disp, for the decay of [Q•-]-PhNO2 is 15.188 x 10³ ± 827 mol"1 L s"1 and the t1/2 equals 0.06 s. E¹7Ic values for [Q]-PhNO2 and its precursor, nor-β-lapachone, are similar. The ease of semiquinone generation and its stability are parameters statistically relevant in the correlation biochemical/theoretical aspects.

Actitudes hacia la química de estudiantes de diferentes carreras universitarias en Colombia

This work reports a study on the attitudes of Colombian students towards Chemistry in different undergraduate programs. The research was performed on 769 students belonging to several Chemistry courses, by applying an adaptation of Salta and Tzougraki's test and using Likert's scale. The results revealed that Chemistry is being considered as difficult and little useful, but very interesting. Thus, the difficulty to learn Chemistry may be associated with its language and abstract conceptual nature. In addition, more attention should be given to the class contents and methodologies provided to the students, in order to engage them with those interest aspects and meaningful topics of each program

Meta-estética e ética francesa do sentido (Derrida, Deleuze, Serres, Nancy)

"Meta-estética e ética francesa do sentido" é uma análise de alguns conceitos formadores do chamado "pós-estruturalismo" e de certos aspectos de sua seqüência histórica. Através de fontes textuais de pensadores que ocupam um momento significativo da produção filosófica internacional, com Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Serres e Jean-Luc Nancy, dos anos sessenta até os noventa, o texto coloca em perspectiva conceitos nevrálgicos e estratégicos ressituados nas suas implicações críticas. A manifestação das convergências ligando os pensamentos desses quatro filósofos permite ressaltar os bastidores especulativos de uma "condição poética do pensamento" (Alain Badiou) delineando os contornos de uma meta-estética do sentido que é ao mesmo tempo uma ética. Essa fusão, bem sintetizada na fórmula de Michel Serres, que diz que "a moral é a física", é determinada pelas elaborações, as experimentações e as conquistas realizadas na filosofia derridiana da desconstrução, na filosofia deleuziana do conceito, na filosofia serresiana da física e na filosofia nancyana da arealidade. Os processos em jogo nesses sistemas tentam descobrir nos estratos aporéticos do pensamento as chances de induzir uma cosmologia paradoxal e inaudita.

A poiêtikê technê como instrumento meta-filosófico

Defendo que o estudo de Aristóteles sobre poiêtikê technê deve ser entendido como um estudo sobre um vocabulário meta-filosófico. Defendo ainda que a sua vantagem principal é a de tornar explícita uma contiguidade conceptual entre um conjunto de problemas relacionados com teoria da acção, racionalidade e cognição colectiva, assim como a de dar inteligibilidade indirecta à partilha de disposições em comunidades humanas.