Modifying the yield factor based on more efficient use of fertilizer — The environmental impacts of intensive and extensive agricultural practices

The aim of this article is to draw attention to calculations on the environmental effects of agriculture and to the definition of marginal agricultural yield. When calculating the environmental impacts of agricultural activities, the real environmental load generated by agriculture is not revealed properly through ecological footprint indicators, as the type of agricultural farming (thus the nature of the pollution it creates) is not incorporated in the calculation. It is commonly known that extensive farming uses relatively small amounts of labor and capital. It produces a lower yield per unit of land and thus requires more land than intensive farming practices to produce similar yields, so it has a larger crop and grazing footprint. However, intensive farms, to achieve higher yields, apply fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, etc., and cultivation and harvesting are often mechanized. In this study, the focus is on highlighting the differences in the environmental impacts of extensive and intensive farming practices through a statistical analysis of the factors determining agricultural yield. A marginal function is constructed for the relation between chemical fertilizer use and yield per unit fertilizer input. Furthermore, a proposal is presented for how calculation of the yield factor could possibly be improved. The yield factor used in the calculation of biocapacity is not the marginal yield for a given area, but is calculated from the real and actual yields, and this way biocapacity and the ecological footprint for cropland are equivalent. Calculations for cropland biocapacity do not show the area needed for sustainable production, but rather the actual land area used for agricultural production. The proposal the authors present is a modification of the yield factor and also the changed biocapacity is calculated. The results of statistical analyses reveal the need for a clarification of the methodology for calculating marginal yield, which could clearly contribute to assessing the real environmental impacts of agriculture.

Medical School Donor Recognition Reception Photo 66

http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/com_images/1071/thumbnail.jpg

Global compilation of benthic data sets I

Approaches to quantify the organic carbon accumulation on a global scale generally do not consider the small-scale variability of sedimentary and oceanographic boundary conditions along continental margins. In this study, we present a new approach to regionalize the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface sediments (<5 cm sediment depth). It is based on a compilation of more than 5500 single measurements from various sources. Global TOC distribution was determined by the application of a combined qualitative and quantitative-geostatistical method. Overall, 33 benthic TOC-based provinces were defined and used to process the global distribution pattern of the TOC content in surface sediments in a 1°x1° grid resolution. Regional dependencies of data points within each single province are expressed by modeled semi-variograms. Measured and estimated TOC values show good correlation, emphasizing the reasonable applicability of the method. The accumulation of organic carbon in marine surface sediments is a key parameter in the control of mineralization processes and the material exchange between the sediment and the ocean water. Our approach will help to improve global budgets of nutrient and carbon cycles.

Fragm. lat. VI 66 - Breviarium (De lancea et clavis)

Trägerbände: Inc. qu. 979; Inc. oct. 271 Bd. 1; Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the R/V Rig Seismic Cruise 11 (BMR 66) in 1986 over the Great Australian Bight Basin area

Late Cretaceous and younger sediments dredged from the upper continental slope and canyon walls in the Great Australian Bight Basin between 126° and 136°E broadly confirm the stratigraphy which had been established previously from scattered exploration wells. Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene marine and marginal marine terrigenous sediments are overlain by Middle Eocene and younger pelagic carbonate (fine limestone and calcareous ooze). The samples provide the first evidence of truly marine Maastrichtian sedimentation, with abundant calcareous nannoplankton, on the southern margin of the continent. Other samples of interest include Precambrian sheared granodiorite on the upper slope south of Eyre Terrace, Paleocene phosphatic sediment in 'Eucla' Canyon at 128° 30'E, and terrigenous Early Miocene mudstone at 133° 20' and 134° 50'E. The mudstone is of note as an exception to the uniform pelagic carbonate wackestone and ooze which characterise Middle Eocene and younger sedimentation at all other sites. Fragments of alkali basalt lava of unknown age were recovered in 'Eucla' Canyon. Cores are mostly pelagic calcareous ooze, but those from submarine canyons include terrigenous turbidites.

La construcción de un Departamento Científico en un proceso intensivo de modernización académica : El caso de la física en Cs. Exactas (UBA), 1955-66

Fil: Buschini, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Modernización académica y politización cultural. El caso de la Univ. de B.Aires, 1955-66 : Líneas de interpretación histórica

Fil: Prego, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

La construcción de un Departamento Científico en un proceso intensivo de modernización académica : El caso de la física en Cs. Exactas (UBA), 1955-66

Fil: Buschini, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Modernización académica y politización cultural. El caso de la Univ. de B.Aires, 1955-66 : Líneas de interpretación histórica

Fil: Prego, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

La construcción de un Departamento Científico en un proceso intensivo de modernización académica : El caso de la física en Cs. Exactas (UBA), 1955-66

Fil: Buschini, José Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.