Kinetics of the selective reduction of NO with CH4 over an In-Fe2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst

A kinetic model presented for the selective reduction of NO with CH4 over an InFe2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst by considering the process as a combination of two simultaneous reactions: NO+O2CH4 (reaction 1) and O-2+CH4 (reaction 2). Linear regression calculation was employed to find the kinetic parameters. It was found that although the activation energies of the two reactions were almost identical, the reaction rate constants were dramatically different, namely, k(1)much greater than k(2), indicating that the NO+O-2+CH4 reaction was more preferable to take place on the In-Fe2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst as compared with the O-2+CH4 reaction.

Synthesis and characterization of gallium-based perovskite-type dense membrane with oxygen semipermeability

La0.15Sr0.85Ga0.3Fe0.7O3-delta (LSGFO) and La0.15Sr0.85Co0.3Fe0.7O3-delta (LSCFO) mixed oxygen-ion and electron conducting oxides were synthesized by using a combined EDTA and citrate complexing method, and the corresponding dense membranes were fabricated. The properties of the oxide powders and membranes were characterized with combined SEM, XRD, H-2-TPR, O-2-TPD techniques, mechanical strength and oxygen permeation measurement. The results showed that LSGFO had much higher thermochemical stability than LSCFO due to the higher valence stability of Ga3+. After the temperature-programmed reduction by 5% H-2 in Ar from 20 degreesC to 1020 degreesC, the basic perovskite structure of LSGFO was successfully preserved. LSGFO also favors the oxygen vacancy formation better than LSCFO. Oxygen permeation measurement demonstrated that LSGFO had higher oxygen permeation flux than LSCFO, but they had similar activation energy for oxygen transportation, with a value of 110 and 117 kJ . mol(-1), respectively The difference in oxygen permeation fluxes was correlated with the difference in oxygen vacancy concentrations for the two materials.

Coadsorption of nitric oxide and oxygen on the Ag(110) surface

The coadsorption of NO and O-2 on Ag(110) surface has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The existence of oxygen enhances the adsorption of NO by forming the NOx species, that is, NO2 and NO3, and the NO in turn as a promotor facilitates the cleavage of the dioxygen bond, forming the surface atomic oxygen species having the same spectral characteristics as those produced using oxygen at high pressure. The oxygen species generated by the interaction is composed of two parts. One is produced directly by the decomposition of surface NO-O-2 complex at ca 625 K, which raised an O 1s feature at 530.5 eV and is absent at ca 800 K, while the another with an O 1s binding energy of 529.2 eV emerges at higher temperatures and shows similar properties as the reported gamma-state oxygen which bound tightly on restructured silver surface. The exposure to NO and O-2 causes noticeable changes in the morphology of the Ag(110) surface and the flat terraces superseded by small (ca 0.1 mu m) pits, and particles with typical diameters of a few micrometres were formed at elevated temperatures. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Métodos para estimativa de áreas de preservação permanente nas margens dos cursos d'água em grandes bacias: avaliação para a bacia do Rio Ji-Paraná, RO.

O Código Florestal brasileiro, juntamente com a resolução Conama no 303/2002, definiu áreas do território nacional classificadas como de preservação permanente (APP). Essas áreas englobam margens dos cursos e corpos d'água, terrenos com declividade acentuada, bordas de chapadas, topos de morro, entre outras feições. No entanto, a escassez de dados cartográficos em escala adequada e de abrangência nacional dificultam ou até impossibilitam as estimativas do alcance territorial da legislação ambiental brasileira. Um exemplo é a delimitação das APPs nas margens dos rios, que, para identificação correta, requer, além da localização, informações sobre a largura dos cursos d'água na época de cheias, dados raramente disponíveis. Este trabalho utilizou dados provenientes da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) para estimar as APPs das margens dos rios pertencentes à bacia do Rio Ji-Paraná, RO, identificados na escala 1:1.000.000, levando-se em consideração as larguras dos cursos d'água. Dados de todas as dez estações fluviométricas presentes na bacia com medidas de cota e perfil transversal da calha foram utilizados para estimar a largura máxima do canal de duas maneiras distintas. A primeira delimitou as sub-bacias definidas pelas estações fluviométricas e considerou que todos os cursos d'água pertencentes à sub-bacia apresentavam a mesma largura observada em seu ponto final. A segunda utilizou a relação empírica obtida entre a área de drenagem e a largura da calha nas nove estações para definir a largura de todos os trechos dos cursos d'água da bacia. Por fim, as APPs nas margens dos rios foram delimitadas seguindo os critérios estabelecidos na resolução Conama no 303/2002. A título de comparação, foram também delimitadas as APPs utilizando larguras constantes de 100 m, 200 m e 500 m de faixa marginal para toda a bacia. Entre os diferentes métodos utilizados, a APP nas margens dos rios variou de 1.541 km2 a 15.876 km2 (2,04% a 21,04% da área da bacia, respectivamente). A grande variação na delimitação das áreas marginais deixa claro que estimativas efetuadas para grandes regiões estarão sempre sujeitas a incertezas, de acordo com os métodos utilizados, e que, portanto, é imprescindível o detalhamento dos procedimentos efetuados para esclarecer as vantagens e limitações a que tais estimativas estão sujeitas.

In situ high temperature X-ray diffraction studies of mixed ionic and electronic conducting perovskite-type membranes

Phase structure and stability of three typical mixed ionic and electronic conducting perovskite-type membranes, SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (SCF), Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) and BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-delta (BCFZ) were studied by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction at temperatures from 303 to 1273 K and under different atmospheres (air, 2% O-2 in Ar and pure Ar) at 1173 K. By analyzing their lattice parameters the thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of BSCF, SCF and BCZF are obtained to be 11.5 x 10(-6) K-1, 17.9 x 10(-6) K-1 and 10.3 x 10(-6) K-1, respectively. A relationship between phase stability and TEC was proposed: the higher is the TEC, the lower is the operation stability of the perovskite materials. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The local and global dimensions of metalliferous pollution derived from a reconstruction of an eight thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan

Grattan, J.P., Gilbertson, D.D., Hunt, C.O. (2007). The local and global dimensions of metaliferrous air pollution derived from a reconstruction of an 8 thousand year record of copper smelting and mining at a desert-mountain frontier in southern Jordan. Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 83-110

Polyamorphism in aluminate liquids

McMillan, P. F., Wilson, M., Wilding, M. C. (2003). Polyamorphism in aluminate liquids. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 15 (36), 6105-6121 RAE2008

Entrega de muestras y productos realizados Aguadas - Belalcázar - Neira (Caldas).

[150] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Ilustraciones de procesos de tejidos con fibra de chiquichiqui y la técnica de rollo Proyecto Arturo Calle, Guainía, 2006-2007.

44 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías a color.

Metlakahtla : a true narrative of the red man / by George T.B. Davis.

http://www.archive.org/details/metlakahtltruena00davirich