995 resultados para 209-1270B


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Three causes involved in the instability of the ISFET are proposed in this study. First, it is ascertained that hydroxyl group resident at the surface of the Si3N4 film or in the electrolyte solution is most active and subject to gain or loss of electrons. This is one of the main causes for ISFET structural instability. Secondly, the stability of the pH-sensitive FET varies with deposition conditions in the fabrication process of the ISFET. This proves to be another cause of ISFET instability. Thirdly, the pH of the measured solution varies with the measuring process and time, contributing to the instability, but is not a cause of the instability of the pH-ISFET itself. We utilized the technique of readjusting and controlling the ratio of hydroxyl groups to amine groups to enhance the stability of the ISFET. Our techniques to improve stability characteristics proved to be effective in practice.

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The damage removal and strain relaxation in the As+-implanted Si0.57Ge0.43 epilayers were studied by double-crystal x-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The results presented in this paper indicate that rapid thermal annealing at temperatures higher than 950 degrees C results in complete removal of irradiation damage accompained by the formation of GeAs precipitates which enhance the removal process of dislocations.

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采用射频磁控反应溅射法制备了氮化硅薄膜。利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、能谱(EDS)和光致发光谱(PL),通过与氮气中和空气中退火薄膜比较,对原沉积薄膜进行了成分与结构和发光特性研究。研究发现原沉积薄膜是部分晶化的富硅氮化硅薄膜,薄膜中晶态氮化硅颗粒的平均粒径为33nm;在氮气中退火后,纳米颗粒增大;在空气中退火后,薄膜被氧化,晶态颗粒消失。在4.67eV的光激发下,原沉积薄膜中观测到7个强的PL峰,其峰位分别为3.39,3.24,3.05,2.82,2.61,2.37和2.11eV。在氮气和空气中退火后,PL峰位和强度有变化。对其光致发光机制进行了探讨,认为硅悬挂键≡Si,氮悬挂键=N,硅错键≡Si-Si≡以及与氧有关的缺陷在富硅氮化硅薄膜高强度荧光发射中起主导作用。

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于2010-11-23批量导入

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辽宁省是以石油化工、煤炭化工和钢铁工业为主的重工业基地。辽河流域近年来经济发展迅速,城市化水平不断提高,但由于产业结构的不合理和污染治理水平的相对滞后,致使辽河流域水体污染严重。对辽河流域水体污染状况、污染物化学与生物学的相互作用、微生物群落结构与功能的关系开展调查研究,对开展污染水体的生物生态修复具有重要的指导意义。 本论文选取辽河流域干流8个水文监测站点的不同时期(丰水期和平水期)底质为研究对象,调查了有机污染物(总油TPHs)和有毒污染物(多环芳烃PAHs)污染程度以及主要来源;采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)两种分析方法,对其微生物群落结构及多样性进行了分析;并以13C标记的菲和芘为代谢底物,以PLFA为生物标记物,采用气相色谱-稳定同位素比率质谱(GC-c-IRMS)分析技术,鉴定了底质样品中参与菲和芘代谢的主要微生物类群;并利用不同的吸附性载体进行了芘降解菌的富集和筛选。 研究结果表明: 1)平水期总石油烃污染比丰水期严重,TPH 含量分别在276.1~560.6mg/kg(平水期)和157.9~462.2mg/kg(丰水期)之间,辽河入海口TPH污染最重;PAHs含量分别在124.1~270.4ug/kg(平水期)和93.5~209.1ug/kg(丰水期)之间;主要来源于石油类污染物和化石燃料的热解,汽车尾气的污染等。 2) 采用DGGE和PLFA两种方法分析微生物群落结构得到基本一致的结果。微生物多样性与总石油烃含量、总多环芳烃含量无显著相关性,多样性指数是多种污染物和环境因子综合影响的结果。 3) 稳定同位素代谢示踪实验表明,底质中存在菲和芘的降解菌群;参与菲和芘降解的微生物均以G-细菌为主,真菌次之;G+细菌和放线菌也参与代谢;参与菲和芘代谢的菌群有一定的相似性。 4) 利用不同吸附性载体从污染底质样品中筛选到6株降解菌。

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本文系统研究了长白山昆虫种类、多样性及对森林生态系统健康的影响,研究结果如下:1、长白山已知名的昆虫有26目、209科、1162属、1960种,其中森林害虫有11目、105科、885种,重要的森林害虫638种,隶属6目、63科。2、不同海拔森林内,昆虫种的多度、优势类群属种数不同;在阔叶红松林中最高,在亚高山岳桦林中最低。3、森林昆虫群落中植食性昆虫类群的多样性指数最大,为2.921,其次为寄生性类群1.243,捕食类群最小为1.123。天敌昆虫群落中以捕食性类群的种数占比重最大。4、植物群落物种丰富度指数与植食性昆虫丰富度指数呈负相关,而与捕食性天敌昆虫丰富度指数呈正相关;寄生性天敌的丰富度指数却与植物群落丰富度指数呈负相关。植物群落的多样性指数与捕食性、寄生性天敌的多样性指数呈正相关,而与植食性昆虫的多样性指数呈负相关,这表明昆虫的多样性影响植物群落的多样性。5、皆伐迹地的害虫多样性比择伐迹地的高,在类群上也明显不同,表明择伐形式对森林生态系统的健康维持更为有利。6、长白山共有森林鸟200余种,对自然控制森林害虫,维持生态系统健康起到了积极作用。7、森林昆虫可以作为指示物种评价森林生态系统健康,特别是稀有种和重要害虫的发生数量。

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