Voluntary alcohol consumption is controlled via the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor.

We have shown previously that voluntary ethanol consumption and resistance to ethanol-induced sedation are inversely related to neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in NPY-knock-out (NPY(-/-)) and NPY-overexpressing mice. In the present report, we studied knock-out mice completely lacking the NPY Y1 receptor (Y1(-/-)) to further characterize the role of the NPY system in ethanol consumption and neurobiological responses to this drug. Here we report that male Y1(-/-) mice showed increased consumption of solutions containing 3, 6, and 10% (v/v) ethanol when compared with wild-type (Y1(+/+)) control mice. Female Y1(-/-) mice showed increased consumption of a 10% ethanol solution. In contrast, Y1(-/-) mice showed normal consumption of solutions containing either sucrose or quinine. Relative to Y1(+/+) mice, male Y1(-/-) mice were found to be less sensitive to the sedative effects of 3.5 and 4.0 gm/kg ethanol as measured by more rapid recovery from ethanol-induced sleep, although plasma ethanol levels did not differ significantly between the genotypes. Finally, male Y1(-/-) mice showed normal ethanol-induced ataxia on the rotarod test after administration of a 2.5 gm/kg dose. These data suggest that the NPY Y1 receptor regulates voluntary ethanol consumption and some of the intoxicating effects caused by administration of ethanol.

Prédiction des durées de séjour en réadaptation en fonction du status fonctionnel

Objectif : En Suisse, la réadaptation est financée en partie par l'assureur qui fixe préalablement à l'admission un nombre de jours (durée garantie) qu'il s'engage à rembourser. Lorsqu'une durée garantie est trop courte, une demande de prolongation est nécessaire, induisant des démarches administratives. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient a) d'étudier le lien entre durées garanties et caractéristiques du patient ; b) d'estimer les coûts liés aux demandes de prolongation ; c) d'évaluer l'impact de l'introduction d'un modèle d'attribution de durée garantie basé sur l'état fonctionnel du patient.¦Méthodes : Les corrélations entre état fonctionnel, durée effective et durée garantie ont été testées sur 208 séjours représentatifs. Des durées garanties fictives ont été calculées à partir de la médiane de durée de séjour de 2 335 patients, groupés selon leur niveau fonctionnel (score des activités de base de la vie quotidienne (BAVQ) 0-1 vs 2-4 vs 5-6), puis comparées aux durées de séjour effectives et garanties.¦Résultats : L'état fonctionnel du patient n'est pas corrélé à la durée garantie, et 69 % des séjours nécessitent au moins une demande de prolongation, représentant 2,6 équivalents temps plein en temps administratif projeté sur le canton. L'application du modèle proposé réduirait de 28 % les demandes de prolongation, et n'augmenterait que marginalement la proportion de jours garantis en surplus (11,2 % contre 6,5 % actuellement).¦Conclusion : L'utilisation systématique d'un modèle d'attribution de durées garanties basées sur l'état fonctionnel du patient permettrait de réduire sensiblement les coûts administratifs liés aux demandes de prolongation, sans entraîner de risque accru d'une augmentation de la durée de séjour.

Jacobus de Vitriaco, Sermones vulgares seu ad omnes status.

Au f. 153, ex-libris lavé, du XIVe s. (lampe de Wood): "Iste liber est Hugoni de Villeni Sancti Ligari [...] quem emit ab exequo (?) defuncti domini Stephani de Susciaco presbiteri". Dans l'obituaire de la cathédrale de Paris, publié par A. Molinier (Obituaires de la province de Sens, I, Paris, 1902, 91-240), le décès de Stephanus de Susiaco [Etienne de Suizy], "presbiter cardinalis", est mentionné à la date du 11 décembre 1311 (p. 208). En-dessous, un second ex-libris du XIVe s. a été gratté: "Iste liber est [...] rectoris [...] Carnotensis dyocesis". Il est suivi par une mention d'achat partiellement lisible, du XIVe s.: "Vendidi [...] ante s. crucem text. sextio casus quosdam decretalium vendedi magister Stephanus de Lugello habuit [...] tamquam (?) de bonis iste [...] + Richardus ad bonum baculum tenetur presens I. et marg. emo [...], debet XXVII s. IIII d. par. medi augusti. Solvi V p. De quibus se [...] Anchi (?) Yvoni X sol. par. IIII d. par." Ce ms. a été acheté par Claude Joly, chantre de Notre-Dame de Paris, à Chaumont-en-Bassigny en 1655, comme l'indique la note de Claude Joly au contreplat sup.: "Cl. Joly M. oct. 1658. J'ay eu ce mss. a Chaumont en Bassigni en 1655". En-dessous de cette note figure l'ex-libris "A la bibliotheque de l'Eglise de Paris", précédé de la cote C18 (fin XVIIe s.-début XVIIIe s.). Notre-Dame.

Författaren Christer Kihlman 22.4.1972 Finnå

Kirje

Kansanedustaja Pekka Vilmi 9/6 1964

Kirje 9.6.1964

Whole-body protein turnover and resting energy expenditure in obese, prepubertal children.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is becoming more frequent in children; understanding the extent to which this condition affects not only carbohydrate and lipid metabolism but also protein metabolism is of paramount importance. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the kinetics of protein metabolism in obese, prepubertal children in the static phase of obesity. DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, 9 obese children (x +/- SE: 44+/-4 kg, 30.9+/-1.5% body fat) were compared with 8 lean (28+/-2 kg ,16.8+/-1.2% body fat), age-matched (8.5+/-0.2 y) control children. Whole-body nitrogen flux, protein synthesis, and protein breakdown were calculated postprandially over 9 h from 15N abundance in urinary ammonia by using a single oral dose of [15N]glycine; resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed by indirect calorimetry (canopy) and body composition by multiple skinfold-thickness measurements. RESULTS: Absolute rates of protein synthesis and breakdown were significantly greater in obese children than in control children (x +/- SE: 208+/-24 compared with 137+/-14 g/d, P < 0.05, and 149+/-20 compared with 89+/-13 g/d, P < 0.05, respectively). When these variables were adjusted for fat-free mass by analysis of covariance, however, the differences between groups disappeared. There was a significant relation between protein synthesis and fat-free mass (r = 0.83, P < 0.001) as well as between protein synthesis and REE (r = 0.79, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in prepubertal children is associated with an absolute increase in whole-body protein turnover that is consistent with an absolute increase in fat-free mass, both of which contribute to explaining the greater absolute REE in obese children than in control children.

Le multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: une prédisposition génétique [Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: a genetic predisposition?]

BACKGROUND: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a benign acquired isolated chorioretinal disorder. Symptoms include photopsia, visual blur and scotomas. Ocular examination reveals multiple white dots at the level of the deep retina. A parainfectious disorder was suggested but the exact mechanism of MEWDS is still unknown. Postulating that MEWDS might be an antigen driven inflammatory reaction, we analyzed HLA subtypes in patients with MEWDS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients were diagnosed with MEWDS in Lausanne from 1985 to 1994. Blood was withdrawn in 9/16 patients. HLA-A, -B and -DR were sought. RESULTS: HLA-B51 was detected in 4/9 patients (44.4%). Other HLA subtypes were detected sporadically. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of HLA-B51 haplotype was found to be 3.7 times more elevated than in a normal control caucasian group. This suggests the possibility that MEWDS might be a genetically determined disorder as it is the case for other ocular diseases like Birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A29), Harada's disease (HLA-DRMT3), acute anterior uveitis (HLA-B27) or Behçet's disease (HLA-B51). We have no explanation for the presence of HLA-B51 in both Behçet's disease and MEWDS. The association of HLA-B51 and MEWDS needs confirmation by further testing.

Kekkonen haluaa mielellään sovintoa ("ojentakaa meille kätenne, se tuottaa tuloksia")

Urho Kekkosen haast.

Governação do Sistema de Saúde em Cabo Verde

A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) considera o desenvolvimento dos sistemas de saúde como crucial. Com efeito, o conhecimento da governação do sistema de saúde permite definir políticas de saúde mais adequadas e melhor articuladas com as políticas globais do país, uma vez que a própria concepção do sistema de saúde vai para além da prestação dos serviços de saúde colectivos e individuais para englobar outros aspectos relativos à política pública com incidência na saúde das populações.