983 resultados para 154-925
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[EN]A study was conducted on crossbred steers (n=275; 376±924 kg) to evaluate performance and carcass quality of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration contained 86.6% rolled barley grain, 5.7% supplement and 7.7% barley silage (DM basis). The four treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. Steers were slaughtered at a common end weight of 645 kg with 100 steers randomly (n=20 per treatment) selected for determination of the retail yield of sub-primal boneless boxed beef (SPBBB). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS led to a quadratic increase in dry matter intake (DMI) (P<0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS led to a quadratic decrease in DMI (P=0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P=0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS, but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P=0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P<0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P=0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 d) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P<0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P=0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P=0.10) by treatment. The results indicate that replacement of barley grain with corn or wheat DDGS up to 40% of the diet (DM) can lead to superior performance (improved gain:feed or reduced days on feed, respectively) with no detrimental effect on quality grade or carcass SPBBB yield.
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Ejemplar dedicado a: Beñat Oihartzabali gorazarre - Festchrift for Bernard Oyharçabal/ Ricardo Etxepare, Ricardo Gómez, Joseba Andoni Lakarra ( eds.)
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Lei nº 12.663, de 5 de junho de 2012, que dispõe sobre as medidas relativas à Copa das Confederações Fifa 2013, à Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014 e à Jornada Mundial da Juventude 2013, que serão realizadas no Brasil; altera as Leis nos 6.815, de 19 de agosto de 1980, e nos 10.671, de 15 de maio de 2003; e estabelece concessão de prêmio e de auxílio especial mensal aos jogadores das seleções campeãs do mundo em 1958, 1962 e 1970
Effects of shear on eggs and larvae of striped bass, morone saxatilis, and white perch, M. americana
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Shear stress, generated by water movement, can kill fish eggs and larvae by causing rotation or deformation. Through the use of an experimental apparatus, a series of shear (as dynes/cm2)-mortality equations for fixed time exposures were generated for striped bass and white perch eggs and larvae. Exposure of striped bass eggs to a shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 kills 36% of the eggs in 1 min; 69% in 2 min, and 88% in 4 min; exposure of larvae to 350 dynes/cm2 kills 9.3% in 1 min, 30.0% in 2 min, and 68.1% in 4 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 kills 38% of the white perch eggs in 1 min, 41% in 2 min, 89% in 5 min, 96% in 10 min, and 98% in 20 min. A shear level of 350 dynes/cm2 applied to white perch larvae destroys 38% of the larvae in 1 min, 52% in 2 min, and 75% in 4 min. Results are experimentally used in conjunction with the determination of shear levels in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and ship movement for the estimation of fish egg and larval mortalities in the field.
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Parte 1 - Decisões
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Parte 1 - Leis.
Symplectoscyphus glacialis (Jaderholm, 1904) y Symplectoscyphus plectilis (Hickson & Gravelly, 1907)
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The mechanism of fatigue crack nucleation for nanocrystalline (nc) nickel was experimentally investigated in this paper. The samples of electrodeposited ne nickel were loaded cyclically by using a three point bending instrument at first. Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to scanning the sample surface after fatigue testing. The results indicated that, after fatigue testing, there are vortex-like cells with an average size of 108nm appeared along the crack on nc nickel sample. And, the roughness of sample surface increased with the maximum stress at the surface.
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Fish collections under varying ecological conditions were made by trawling and seining, monthly and quarterly in depths of <1 m to depths of 3 m of the Florida Bay portion of Everglades National Park, Florida. From May 1973 through September 1976, a total of 182,530 fishes representing 128 species and 50 families were taken at 27 stations. An additional 21 species were identified from sportfish-creel surveys and supplemental observations. Most of the species collected were juveniles of species that occur as adults in the Florida Bay creel census survey, or were small species that were seasonal residents. Marked temporal and spatial abundance of the catches was observed. The greatest numbers and biomass of the fishes occurred in the wet season (summer/fall), whereas lowest numbers and biomass appeared during the dry season (winter/spring) The greatest abundance and diversity of fishes was found in western Florida Bay followed by eastern and central Bay regions respectively. Overall, five species comprised 75% of the numerical total while eleven species made up 75% of the total biomass. Collections were dominated numerically by anchovies (Engraulidae), especially Anchoa mitchilli, in western Florida Bay. Mojarras (Gerridae), mostly silver jenny Eucinostomus gula, and porgies (Sparidae), especially pinfish Lagodon rhomboides, dominated numerically in central and eastern portions of the Bay, respectively. Except for salinity, other measured physico-chemical parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) showed no variation beyond ranges considered normal for shallow, tropical marine environments. Salinity varied from 0 to 66 ppt near the mainland. Nearshore hypersaline conditions (>45 ppt) persisted for nearly 2 years during the 1974 - 1975 severe drought period. Significant reductions in fish abundance/diversity were observed in relation to hypersaline conditions. Bay-wide macrobenthic communities were mapped (presence/absence) and were primarily comprised of turtle grass (Thalassia), shoalgrass [(Diplanthera = (Halodule)], and/or green algae Penicillus. Seasonal dieoff of seagrasses was observed in north-central Florida Bay. (PDF contains 107 pages)
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Estimates of length at birth and early postnatal growth are made for the northern and southern populations of the offshore spotted dolphin in the offshore eastern tropical Pacific. Length at birth is estimated to be 85.4 cm for the northern population and 83.2 cm for the southern population. Analyses of series of monthly distributions of length revealed two cohorts born each year in the northern population, at least in the northern inshore part of its geographic range, but only one cohort born each year in the southern population. Growth curves fitted to the means of the monthly distributions of length gave estimates of length at 1 year of 126.2 and 132.6 cm and length at 2 years of 154.3 and 154.9 cm for the two cohorts in the northern population. and length at 1 year of 127.9 cm for the southern population. A growth curve fitted to lengths and ages (in dental growth layer groups) from the northern population gave estimates of lengths at 1 and 2 years of 123.0 and 143.0 cm, respectively.
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本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值;介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。
目录
- §1.1 板壳弯曲断裂问题
- §1.2 Kirchhoff经典板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.3 Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论
- §1.4 Kirchhoff与Reissner型板壳弯曲断裂理论的比较
- §1.5 含裂纹有限尺寸板壳断裂分析的局部-整体法
- §1.6 含表面裂纹板壳
- §2.1 Kirchhoff板的基本概念和基本假定
- §2.2 基本公式与弹性曲面微分方程
- §2.3 边界条件
- §2.4 弹性薄板的应变能
- §2.5 极坐标下的挠曲面微分方程与内力公式
- §2.6 裂纹尖端场特征展开式通项公式
- §2.7 Kirchhoff板弯曲应力强度因子
- §3.1 基本方程和公式的复变函数表示
- §3.2 所引入函数的确定程度与一般形式
- §3.3 坐标变换与边界条件
- §3.4 运用保角变换方法求解孔口问题
- §3.5 应力强度因子与函数Φ(z)的关系
- §3.6 复变-主部分析法之应用简例
- §3.7 共直线裂纹问题的一般解答
- §3.8 典型弯曲裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §3.9 共圆曲线裂纹问题的解答及弯曲应力强度因子公式
- §4.1 裂纹尖端奇异元的位移模式与弯曲应力强度因子
- §4.2 裂纹尖端奇异元的刚度矩阵
- §4.3 裂纹尖端奇异元与常规单元的连接
- §4.4 解析法与数值法的结果比较与讨论
- §4.5 两共线半无限裂纹问题的定解条件及解的实用价值
- §5.1 Reissner型板的基本假定
- §5.2 Reissner型板的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.3 基本方程的简化
- §5.4 边界条件
- §5.5 极坐标下的基本公式与平衡微分方程
- §5.6 两种平板理论用于无裂纹板时的比较
- §5.7 两种乎板理论用于含裂纹板时的比较
- §6.1 基本方程和一般求解方法
- §9.1 局部-整体法与其它解析和数值法的结果比较
- §9.2 边界对应力强度因子的影响
- §9.3 板的支承条件及长宽比的影响
- §9.5 计算Reissner型板应力强度因子的一组近似方程与近似解法
- §9.4 Reissner型板理论与Kirchhoff板理论所得应力强度因子的比较
- §9.6 关于数值计算的几点讨论
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This study summarizes the results of a survey designed to provide economic information about the financial status of commercial reef fish boats with homeports in the Florida Keys. A survey questionnaire was administered in the summer and fall of 1994 by interviewers in face-to-face meetings with owners or operators of randomly selected boats. Fishermen were asked for background information about themselves and their boats, their capital investments in boats and equipment, and about their average catches, revenues, and costs per trip for their two most important kinds of fishing trips during 1993 for species in the reef fish fishery. Respondents were characterized with regard to their dependence on the reef fish fishery as a source of household income. Boats were described in terms of their physical and financial characteristics. Different kinds of fishing trips were identified by the species that generated the greatest revenue. Trips were grouped into the following categories: yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus); mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci), or red grouper (Epinephelus morio); gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus); deeper water groupers and tilefishes; greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili); spiny lobster (Panulirus argus); king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla); and dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus). Average catches, revenues, routine trip costs, and net operating revenues per boat per trip and per boat per year were estimated for each category of fishing trips. In addition to its descriptive value, data collected during this study will aid in future examinations of the economic effects of various regulations on commercial reef fish fishermen.(PDF file contains 48 pages.)
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目录
- 1.1 化合物的生成焓,反应焓及燃烧热
- 1.2 热化学定律
- 1.3 热力学平衡与自由能,化学平衡与反应自由能
- 1.4 质量作用定律及可逆反应的平衡常数
- 1.5 平衡常数和标准反应自由能的关系
- 1.6 温度和压力对平衡常数的影响
- 1.7 绝热火焰温度计算
- 1.8 化学动力学中采用的几个基本概念和定义
- 1.9 反应的分类
- 1.10 阿累尼乌斯(Arrhenius)定律
- 1.11 双分子反应碰撞理论
- 1.12 反应分子数及反应级数
- 1.13 影响化学反应的因素
- 1.14 链锁反应
- 5.1 燃烧波的两种形式――缓燃(或火焰正常传播)及爆震
- 5.3 马兰特和利-恰及利耶的简化分析法
- 5.4 层流火焰传播速度的无量纲分析法
- 5.5 泽尔多维奇和弗朗克-卡门涅茨基的分区近似解
- 5.6 分区近似解的改进
- 5.7 精确解
- 5.8 物理化学参数对S1的影响及对火焰厚度的影响
- 5.9 火焰传播界限
- 5.10 用层流火焰传播速度计算化学动力参数的方法
- 5.11 火焰的基本性质及火焰的几何学
- 5.12 本生灯火焰稳定的条件
- 5.13 层流火焰传播速度的实验测定
- 5.14 单组元燃料滴燃烧
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Las aleaciones ferromagnéticas con memoria de forma son de gran interés debido a su capacidad de experimentar la transformación martensítica termoelástica y la transición de orden magnético. Estas aleaciones pueden elongarse hasta un 10% en el caso de monocristales. Esto, junto con la posibilidad de inducir la deformación de forma remota mediante el campo magnético, hacen que puedan ser empleadas como sensores o actuadores magnéticos.