Juventud de los países del Caribe de habla inglesa: el alto costo de desarrollo dependiente = Youth in the anglophone Caribbean: the high cost of dependent development

Incluye Bibliografía

Quando eu crescer quero ser como ele: adolescente, o tráfico de drogas e a função paterna

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Socio-demographic analysis of youth in the Caribbean- a three country case study

Many Caribbean youth are doing reasonably well. They live in loving and caring families, attend school and are involved in various social activities in their communities. The health and well-being of the children and youth1 in the Caribbean is, and has been, the centre of attention of many studies, meetings and policy directives set at the regional, subregional and national levels. Programmes have been put in place to address the basic needs of young children in the areas of health and education and to provide guidance and directives to youth and adolescents in the area of professional formation and transition to adulthood. Critical issues such as reproductive health and family planning combined with access to education and information on these topics have been promoted to some extent. And finally, the Caribbean is known for rather high school enrolment rates in primary education that hardly show any gender disparities. While the situation is still good for some, growing numbers of children and youth cannot cope anymore with the challenges experienced quite early in their lives. Absent parents, instable care-taking arrangements, violence and aggression subjected to at home, in schools and among their friends, lack of a perspective in schools and the labour-market, early sexual initiation and teenage pregnancies are some of those issues faced by a rising number of young persons in this part of the world. Emotional instability, psychological stress and increased violence are one of the key triggers for increased violence and involvement in crime exhibited by ever younger youth and children. Further, the region is grappling with rising drop-out rates in secondary education, declining quality schooling in the classrooms and increasing numbers of students who leave school without formal certification. Youth unemployment in the formal labour market is high and improving the quality of professional formation along with the provision of adequate employment opportunities would be critical to enable youth to complete consistently and effectively the transition into adulthood and to take advantage of the opportunities to develop and use their human capital in the process. On a rather general note, the region does not suffer from a shortage of policies and programmes to address the very specific needs of children and youth, but the prominent and severe lack of systematic analysis and monitoring of the situation of children, youth and young families in the Caribbean does not allow for targeted and efficient interventions that promise successful outcomes on the long term. In an effort to assist interested governments to fill this analytical gap, various initiatives are underway to enhance data collection and their systematic analysis2. Population and household censuses are conducted every decade and a variety of household surveys, such as surveys of living conditions, labour force surveys and special surveys focusing on particular sub-groups of the population are conducted, dependent on the resources available, to a varying degree in the countries of the region. One such example is the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-funded Multi-Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) that assess the situation of children and youth in a country. Over the past years and at present, UNICEF has launched a series of surveys in a number of countries in the Caribbean3. But more needs to be done to ensure that the data available is analyzed to provide the empirical background information for evidence-based policy formulation and monitoring of the efficiency and effectiveness of the efforts undertaken.

Youth: realities and challenges for achieving development with equality

This book offers a portrayal of the opportunities for social inclusion afforded to young people in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a view to building stronger youth policies in the region. The youth population must be included in development processes if progress is to be made towards more egalitarian societies, not only because of the numbers of young people vis-à-vis the rest of the population, but also because of what these numbers mean in relation to dependency rates and the needs and issues particular to this stage of life.

Representações sociais de alunas do ensino fundamental sobre bullying

Este estudo consiste na investigação das representações sociais de alunas da 8ª série do ensino fundamental sobre o fenômeno bullying e suas implicações no processo de escolarização. O problema da pesquisa teve como foco as representações sociais das alunas sobre o bullying. Os sujeitos são estudantes do sexo feminino, com idade entre 13 e 18 anos, regularmente matriculadas em três turmas da 8ª série do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede estadual de ensino. O lócus da pesquisa foi uma instituição de ensino fundamental e médio da rede pública estadual do município de Castanhal, localizado na região nordeste do estado do Pará. Os objetivos do estudo foram os seguintes: a) Identificar e caracterizar, a partir do pensamento consensual de jovens do ensino fundamental, as imagens e os significados que elas possuem sobre as intimidações, agressões e /ou assédio, caracterizados como bullying; b) Verificar em que situações o bullying ocorre e quais as formas utilizadas com maior frequência entre as alunas; c) Destacar as causas que concorrem para a afirmação de práticas de bullying no ambiente escolar e suas consequências; d) Destacar as percepções das alunas sobre as implicações decorrentes do bullying no processo de escolarização; e) Evidenciar as objetivações e as ancoragens que compõem o processo de construção das RS de jovens sobre o bullying. O estudo teve uma abordagem qualitativa e teve como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici (1978) e jodelet (2001). Dentre os referenciais teóricos utilizados constam: Abramavay, 2003; Beaudoin e Taylor (2006), Boneti e Priotto (2009) Constantine (2004) Fante (2005), Lopes Neto e Saavedra (2003) Nascimento (2006; 2011), Middelton-Moz e Zawadski (2007), e Silva (2010). Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta dos dados foram o questionário semi-estruturado e a entrevista grupal. O tratamento dos dados pautou-se na análise de conteúdo de acordo com a abordagem proposta por Franco (2003). Os resultados assinalaram que as representações sociais das alunas sobre o bullying, constituíram-se em maus tratos, cuja imagem se assenta em condutas de agressão verbal, psicológica e física; Ameaça e invisibilidade, na qual a imagem se constitui pelos elementos, diferença, intolerância, desrespeito, inveja, competição e rivalidade; Contradição que corresponde à imagem da escola como um espaço de aprendizagem que se fragiliza e se descaracteriza diante da disseminação da violência e; Educação familiar e escolar que corresponde a imagem do papel da família e da escola como instâncias que partilham a responsabilidade pela orientação e formação dos alunos. As implicações escolares evidenciadas a partir das representações sociais das estudantes sobre o bullying, relacionam-se à uma série de repercussões negativas no processo de escolarização, dentre as quais: dificuldades de aprendizagem, queda do rendimento escolar, absenteísmo e evasão escolar.

Justiça terapêutica: o tribunal das drogas na sociedade de controle

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um jeito jovem de morrer: homicídios de jovens por armas de fogo em Londrina, 2000-2003

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um estudo sobre jovens e violência no espaço escolar

This paper is the result of a research project on the subject of youth, violence and school. The purpose of this project was to investigate the understanding of the young people on the violence in society, at school and in their own lives. The assumption is that knowing the aggressors' and victims' perspective about their experiences of violence helps to clarify the symbolic and the normative universes that rule violent conducts and the possible ways to reduce the incidence of violence. Data were collected through focus groups. One of the groups was composed by students qualified by their school's board as protagonists in situations of violence. The other group was consisted by those considered as good students. Data analysis shows the differences between the logic of violence at school, the school violence and violence against the school.

Explanations and Representations of Violence by School-age Brazilian Youths

The violence staged by young people has often been subjected to scientific analysis. The way youths speak, in their role as aggressors or as victims, is examined to determine how they experience violence in a number of different spheres. Repeated group interviews are used to analyze how violence is explained and depicted within the family, at school and in the neighbourhood by two groups of young people (14-17 years old) attending the same school on the outskirts of Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil. One of the groups involved is identified by the school as violent, and the other, as non-violent. Discourse analysis leads to two conclusions. First, the different contexts of violence infuse a mistrust of institutions, the environment and personal relationships into the subjects' experience, forming a fabric that clouds future prospects. Second, the group of youths identified as violent have a more simplistic, pessimistic view of reality: They see the world in black and white, and they lay no stock in the possibility that violence can be avoided. Consequently, they use violence and understand violence as a defensive strategy that gives one identity. On the other hand, the group identified as nonviolent feels it possible to intervene in situations with nonviolent tools like words. For the young subjects, violence is a context that they assume; it cancels their ability to identify rules and institutions, but it does not generate an effective interaction strategy. Violence causes their social microcontext (in which action prevails over meaning or meaning equals action) to assume overblown dimensions. Any intervention strategy must take into account this indissoluble unity between meaning and action.

Youth purpose and life goals of students engaged in community and social activities

Purpose provides a moral compass for young people to apply their strengths and virtues in their lives. Deepen the studies about youth purpose may contribute to the design of new and more efficient moral education strategies, aiming the development of greater citizenship awareness, social justice and youth engagement in the construction of a society based on democracy, justice and social solidarity. This research paper explores the identification of life goals, the beyond the self or self-oriented purpose in life, a meaningful engagement in purposeful activities and the well-being and satisfaction with life in Brazilian youth engaged and not engaged in social and community issues.

Masculinidades e violências em narrativas de vida de jovens em conflito com a lei

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Onset of Conduct Disorder, Use of Delinquent Subsistence Strategies, and Street Victimization among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents in the Midwest

This study examines the effects of childhood-onset conduct disorder on later antisocial behavior and street victimization among a group of homeless and runaway adolescents. Four hundred twenty-eight homeless and runaway youth were interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters from four Midwestern states. Key findings include the following. First, compared with those who exhibit adolescent-onset conduct disorder, youth with childhood onset are more likely to engage in a series of antisocial behaviors such as use of sexual and nonsexual survival strategies. Second, youth with childhood-onset conduct disorder are more likely to experience violent victimization; this association, however, is mostly through an intervening process such as engagement in deviant survival strategies.

Family, Youth and Community Partners Luncheon With Senators

Good afternoon. I am so pleased to be here with you today. I welcome this opportunity to talk with you about how University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension, part of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln, works with Nebraska’s at-risk families. I’m extremely proud of our work to help families meet their needs and develop and strengthen skills they can use to better share in Nebraska’s good life.