UST news

The Underground Storage Tank program at the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control publishes a biannual publication of compliance, technical, and financial information to supply outreach to tank owners, contractors, and the general public.

UST news

The Underground Storage Tank program at the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control publishes a biannual publication of compliance, technical, and financial information to supply outreach to tank owners, contractors, and the general public.

UST news

The Underground Storage Tank program at the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control publishes a biannual publication of compliance, technical, and financial information to supply outreach to tank owners, contractors, and the general public.

De la clandestinité à la fierté : l’appropriation de l’espace urbain par la communauté gay

À partir de la décennie 1970, on voit surgir dans la plupart des métropoles en Occident des quartiers comprenant une grande concentration de ménages gays et d’établissements commerciaux destinés à cette clientèle. Les recherches menées sur le phénomène ont négligé de se pencher sur la façon dont la trajectoire de la communauté homosexuelle locale s’articule au parcours historique, politique et urbain de la ville où le quartier est situé. Ce travail vise à combler cette lacune et à éclairer la trajectoire qui a mené la population gay à s’approprier un espace urbain. Il dresse d’abord un panorama des quartiers étant devenus le secteur homosexuel de la ville et de la vie de ses habitants dans les métropoles de San Francisco, Paris et Montréal, à partir de sources secondaires sur l’urbanisation du quartier et sur la communauté gay locale depuis 1900 jusqu’à nos jours. Ensuite, il compare leur évolution selon une périodisation comportant deux axes principaux : l’époque où les homosexuels avaient un vécu clandestin dans la ville et la période où les gays cherchaient à vivre leur sexualité dans la sphère publique. Le résultat montre une trajectoire similaire où la sortie de la clandestinité aboutisse à un quartier ouvert, gentryfié et touristique qui passe par une formation de ghetto liée au contexte économique et politique national, mais aussi au cadre urbain de la ville. En identifiant les facteurs déterminants, il était possible de concevoir l’existence de figures types de quartier gay rendant possible la vie communautaire : le quartier gay portuaire et militant, le quartier symbole d’une culture et le quartier bastion ethnique.

Métodos tradicionais de sondagem e construção de captação de água subterrânea em países em vias de desenvolvimento

Neste trabalho avaliam-se e comparam-se metodologias tradicionais de prospeção e construção de captações de água subterrânea em países em vias de desenvolvimento, neste caso do Sul da Ásia (Butão, Bangladeche, Índia, Nepal e Paquistão). Faz-se uma análise às metodologias do ponto de vista geológico (diversos tipos de aquífero, litologias, graus de fracturação e alteração), mecânico (técnica das metodologias de perfuração e construção das captações), e económico (comparação dos tempos de avanço das sondagens, dos tempos de construção das captações, da produtividade das mesmas e seus custos). Conclui-se que as metodologias de prospeção low cost e tradicionais são semelhantes em âmbito e em cenário de aplicação, e que, ainda que as segundas sejam mais caras, têm custos muito menores em comparação com as convencionais. Conclui-se ainda que as metodologias convencionais de construção de captações estão pensadas para metodologias convencionais de prospeção, e que as low cost são muito semelhantes entre si; Abstract: The present work evaluates and compares traditional methods of borehole drilling and construction for water abstraction in developing countries, particularly South Asia (Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan). The methods are analyzed in regards to geology (types of aquifers, lithologies, massif fractures and weathering), mechanic (borehole drilling and abstraction technologies), and economic (comparing the progression in drilling and construction of boreholes, productivity and its costs) factors. It is concluded that the traditional drilling methods are similar in scope and application set, and that, though the latter are more expensive, they cost less than conventional methods. It is also concluded that conventional borehole construction is based in conventional drilling methods, and that the diverse low cost methodologies are very similar between them.

AGENDA AMBIENTAL DEL AGUA EN COSTA RICA

La crisis de gobcrnabilidad de los recursos hídricos es clara y evidente en Costa Rica. Estos recursos están en proceso de deterioro y peligrosamente amenazados. En tan solo cinco décadas se pasó de la riqueza y abundancia de agua, a la vulnerabilidad y escasez de ésta. Un conjunto de realidades ha originado la mencionada crisis: la ausencia de políticas hídricas integrales, claras y estables, un marco legal desactualizado. estático y de mínimo cumplimiento, que ha permitido el uso ineficiente y la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua y desde luego la cultura dominante de poca o ninguna valoración del agua como recurso vital para el desarrollo presente y futuro de todas las especies que poblamos el país.La Agenda Ambiental del Agua en Costa Rica ha sido elaborada mediante un proceso parlicipativo. donde diversos actores sociales en diferentes regiones —Limón, Liberia y la Gran Area Metropolitana (GAM)— priorizaron los 10 principales problemas y sus potenciales soluciones:1) La educación formal e informal es muy débil respecto a como alcanzar el uso eficiente e inteligente de los recursos hrdricos. Igualmente, es débil para revertir el patrón de manejo de vertidos sin responsabilidad social.2) La excesiva centralización de las decisiones. Muy poca participación ciudadana tanto en la estructura organizativa como en la toma de decisiones.3) La inoperancia del marco institucional y legal —desconocimiento por parte de la sociedad civil de los procesos de denuncia y otros; la tramitología de denuncia es demasiado lenta e ineficiente, razón por la cual los denunciantes se cansan y desaniman—.4) La deficiente y casi nula valoración económica del agua, que tome en cuenta el manejo integral de las cuencas y la búsqueda de la permanencia del recurso en el futuro.5) La ausencia de planes hídricos de cuencas donde el plan regulador sea un componente básico.6) La desigual calidad del agua para los costarricenses según operador del servicio y región geográfica.7) La contaminación de aguas superficiales y subterráneas.8) La ausencia de conocimiento, socialización, sistematización y movilización en relación con el manejo del agua. Es necesario el aumento de las capacidades tanto técnicas y científicas como de cambio de cultura y conocimiento popular.9) Falta de información básica y mecanismos claros para poder utilizarla.10) La información existente en la actualidad se encuentra dispersa en diferentes orgarnza ciones y en algunos investigadores, lo que impide su uso efectivo.La Agenda Ambiental del Agua en Costa Rica aproxima los costos para la solución de los problemas apuntados anteriormente. Se necesita invertir alrededor de US$J .500 millones para abordar la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos en el país.Abstract: The crisis of governance of thc watcr resources is clear and evideni in Costa Rica. These resources are in proccss oídeterioration anddangerously threatened. In only five decades it passed of che wealth and water abundance, to che vulnerability and shortagc of thc same one. A set of realities has originated dic mentioned crisis; dic abscncc of an integral, clear and siable water policy, a legal framework out of date. static one and of minimal fulfillmeni. which has allowed che inefficicrn use and ihe pollution ofihe water bodies. And certainly. hc dominecring culture of small ci no valuation to the water as vital resource for thc prcscnt and future dcvclopment of alI dic species. thai we populate che country.The Environmental Agenda of the Water in Costa Rica has bccn claborated by means of a participatory proccss. which includes several social actors in diverse regions —Limon. Liberia and Great Metropolitan Area (GAM) These actors prioritized lO principal problems related to water resources and thcir potential solutions:1) The formal and informal education is very weak with regard to since as reaches the efficient and intelligeni use of thc water resources. Equally. dic boss of managing is weak for revert of spilt without social responsibilicy.2) The excessive centralization of che decisions with very little civil parlicipation. both in the organizational siructure and in the decision making process.3) The un.workability of ihe institutional and legal framewoik —ignorance cii che pan of civil society of che proces.ses of denunciation and others the denunciation niechanism is ioo slow and inefticieni, a reason for which dic cbtmants get tired and discouragc—.4) Thedeficientone and almosi voideconomic valuationofthe waier. which bears in mmd the integral managing of the basin and dic scarc h of dic permancncy of dic resource to future.5) Thc absence of water plans of basin where dic regulatory plan is a basic component.6) The unequal quality of the water for dic Costa Ricans according tooperacor of dic service and geographica] region.7) The pollution of superficial and underground waters.8) The absence of knowledgc. socializ.arion, systematizing and mobilization in relation co the waier managing. Thc increase of dic capacities is necessary so much tcchnical and scicntific like of change of culture and popular knowledge.9) Lack of basic information and clear mechanisms to be able to use it.10) Thc cxisting information aL preseni is dispersed in different organizations and in sorne investigators, which prevents ihe effective use of the same one.The Environmental Agenda of the Water in Costa Rica brings the costs near for the solution of the pointed problems previously. Costa Rica needs to invest about US$1.500 million Lo approach ihe integrated managcment of the water resources in the country.

Study of the tracking performance of a liquid Argon detector based on a novel optical imaging concept

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a long-baseline accelerator experiment designed to make a significant contribution to the study of neutrino oscillations with unprecedented sensitivity. The main goal of DUNE is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the leptonic CP violation phase, key parameters of the three-neutrino flavor mixing that have yet to be determined. An important component of the DUNE Near Detector complex is the System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) apparatus, which will include GRAIN (GRanular Argon for Interactions of Neutrinos), a novel liquid Argon detector aimed at imaging neutrino interactions using only scintillation light. For this purpose, an innovative optical readout system based on Coded Aperture Masks is investigated. This dissertation aims to demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing particle tracks and the topology of CCQE (Charged Current Quasi Elastic) neutrino events in GRAIN with such a technique. To this end, the development and implementation of a reconstruction algorithm based on Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization was carried out to directly obtain a three-dimensional distribution proportional to the energy deposited by charged particles crossing the LAr volume. This study includes the evaluation of the design of several camera configurations and the simulation of a multi-camera optical system in GRAIN.

Caratterizzazione di SiPM in ambiente criogenico per il far detector di DUNE

DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) è un esperimento internazionale attualmente in costruzione al laboratorio Fermilab in Illinois, Stati Uniti. Il suo scopo sarà quello di studiare alcuni dei fenomeni e quesiti aperti che riguardano i neutrini: particelle debolmente interagenti facenti parte del Modello Standard. In particolare DUNE intende studiare il fenomeno dell'oscillazione di sapore dei neutrini, osservare neutrini provenienti da supernove e stelle di neutroni per studiarne la formazione e ricercare l'eventuale decadimento dei protoni. L'esperimento sarà formato da due siti sperimentali distanti circa 1300 km tra loro: il Near Detector situato a Fermilab ed il Far Detector, situato al Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota. Questa tesi è rivolta in particolare al sistema di fotorivelazione del Far Detector, che utilizza fotomoltiplicatori al silicio (Silicon Photomultipliers, o SiPM). Questi dispositivi dovranno funzionare in condizioni criogeniche in argon liquido, perciò è stata avviata un'intensiva campagna di test volta alla caratterizzazione e validazione dei sensori che saranno montati nell'apparato. La sezione INFN di Bologna è coinvolta in questa campagna e dovrà testare una parte dei SiPM destinati all'impiego in DUNE. A tale scopo è stato realizzato, nei laboratori INFN, un sistema per il test di tali dispositivi in criogenia su larga scala. L'attività di tesi ha previsto la caratterizzazione di diversi SiPM sia a temperatura ambiente sia in criogenia e l'analisi delle distribuzioni statistiche dei parametri di diversi campioni di SiPM.

Calorimetric efficiency of the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a long-baseline neutrino experiment which is under construction in the United States. It will be composed of a Near Detector system located a few hundred meters from the neutrino source at Fermilab and a far detector system composed of four multi-kt LArTPCs at Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The experiment will measure the leptonic CP violation phase of the PMNS matrix and discriminate the ordering of neutrino masses. Additional physics goals include detection of neutrinos from supernovae collapse and search for possible proton decay. One component of the Near detector complex is the System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection apparatus, which includes GRanular Argon for Interaction of Neutrinos, a novel liquid Argon detector that aims at imaging neutrino interactions using scintillation light collected by optical system and read-out by SIPM matrix. This thesis work aims at studying the GRAIN performances as a homogeneous calorimeter, able to measure the energy deposited by charged particles in LAr through scintillation photons emitted along their path inside the vessel. The energy calibration of the liquid argon volume required to write (and validate) an efficient software for the detector response simulation to the arrival of scintillation photons.