A teoria ideal da justiça num mundo não ideal

Dissertação de mestrado em Filosofia (área de especialização em Filosofia Política)

A compreensão dos problemas de estrutura aditiva e estrutura multiplicativa por crianças do pré-escolar

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Educação Matemática).

Práticas de tradução e comunicação multilingue em contexto empresarial: experiência profissional no Grupo OSIT

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue

Tradução técnica em contexto empresarial: o mundo da metalúrgica na Painel 2000

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue

Localização de conteúdos: experiência de estágio na Bloomidea

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue

Diâmetro pupilar e fadiga mental em tarefas de controle de tráfego aéreo

Researches point out that the pupil diameter is a sign for fatigue calibration. In this study, we try to analyze how, through a more complex task of air traffic control, the participants will show a bigger pupil diameter than in tasks of easier air traffic control. Likewise, as the theories that go in line with compensatory mechanisms assume, if the job/task requires it, new resources may be provided to continue its execution. The sample had 61 participants, and two variables were manipulated: traffic density on condition many aircrafts and few aircrafts. And the other variable was the time on the task with 5 minute intervals for 2 hours (23 intervals). The dependent variable was the pupil diameter. The results showed that participants who performed the most complex task had bigger pupil diameter. At the same time, they showed that more activity of the participant, major would be the diameter pupilar. Also, the variable TOT (Time Of Task) showed that the pupil diminished, and then it continued increasing due to a generation of new resources.

PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOMASA FORESTAL, FORRAJERA Y CAPACIDAD SUSTENDORA ANIMAL EN SISTEMAS SILVOPASTORILES DE LA LLANURA ONDULADA Y SIERRA DE COMECHINGONES EN EL CENTRO DE ARGENTINA.

Identificación y caracterización del problema: En Córdoba la llanura ondulada y la sierra de comechingones los problemas ambientales y productivos han comenzado manifestarse. En la llanura ondulada, 700.000 has de tierras se encuentran sujetas a severos procesos de erosión hídrica, generando perdida de suelos y disminución de la producción en los sistemas agrícolo-ganaderos. En la Sierra de Comechingones (300.000 ha), las plantaciones de pinos sobre pastizales naturales presentan escaso o nulo manejo silvicultural con lo que se obtiene madera de baja calidad y baja capacidad sustentadora animal cuando el pastoreo se practica en estas plantaciones. Objetivos generales: Validar funciones de crecimiento para la especie forestal Pinus elliottii y especies forrajeras en sistemas silvopastoriles con diferentes tratamientos siviculturales ((densidad de plantación, podas y raleos) destinados a obtener alta calidad de madera y capacidad sustentadora animal en la llanura ondulada y sierra de comechingones del centro de Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizaran dos módulos, uno situado en la llanura ondulada y otro en la sierra de Comechingones. El módulo silvopastoril de la llanura ondulada se encuentra en el campo de docencia y experimentación Pozo del Carril, ubicado a los 32° 58’ LS y 64° 40’ LO, a 550 m.s.n.m, Las situaciones que se evaluaran en este modulo serán: Pastoreo en callejones de 21 m, Pastoreo en callejones de 12m y un testigo sin árboles. Se aplicaran tratamientos de poda y raleo con la intensidad que corresponda a cada caso. El modulo silvopastoril en el ambiente sierra de comechingones se encuentra en el campo de experimentación y docencia “Las Guindas” ubicado a los 32° 35´ 9.64” S y 64° 43´ 66” O, a 1063 msnm. Las situaciones que se evaluaran en este modulo serán: Pastoreo en plantaciones (3x3 m), Pastoreo en plantaciones (3x4 m) y un testigo de pastizal serrano sin árboles. Se aplicaran tratamientos de poda y raleo con la intensidad que corresponda a cada caso. Para el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos un conjunto de determinaciones se realizaran en cada uno de los módulos propuestos: a)Determinación de volumen anual (m3/ha) de la especie leñosa Pinus elliottii . b) Parametrización y validación de una función de crecimiento de la biomasa forestal (m3/ha).. C) Estimación de la dinámica de crecimiento de copa de Pinus elliottii d) Determinación del grado de sombreamiento de Pinus elliottii para cada año del crecimiento e) Determinación de la producción de biomasa forrajera para diferentes posiciones del sistema silvopastoril g) Parametrización y validación de una función de producción de biomasa forrajera según grado de sombreamiento. h)Estimación de la capacidad sustentadora animal para los sistemas silvopastoriles bajo estudio. Resultados esperados: Sobre la base información secundaria y de los datos que se obtengan durante los dos años del estudio permitiran modelar la dinamica de la produccion de madera de calidad, cantidad y calidad de forraje y la capacidad sustentadora animal en silvopastoriles adaptados a la región de llanura ondulada y sierras de Córdoba, los que podrán ser utilizados para la definición de la tecnología de implantación y manejo silvícola de sistemas silvopastoriles para las condiciones ambientales semejantes a las del ensayo. Importancia del proyecto: Los resultados del proyecto permitirán enriquecer el conocimiento de los profesionales dedicados al asesoramiento tecnico y productores que buscan alternativas técnicas amigables con el ambiente como asi tambien el enriquecimiento de las bases teoricas que reciben alumnosde de grado y posgrado en asignaturas que abordan esta temática.

Enfoques sobre la ciudadanía. Philosophical Perspectives on Citizenship.

La necesidad que da origen al presente proyecto se relaciona con la ausencia de un tratamiento de la cuestión de la ciudadanía que haga interactuar distintos enfoques filosóficos -el principal indicador de esta carencia es la ausencia de producciones académicas que den cuenta de la complejidad que adquiere la temática si se la aborda desde los problemas que nos proporcionan otras perspectivas filosóficas y políticas-. En este sentido, el problema general del proyecto apunta a hacer discutir diferentes abordajes conceptuales para pensar la ciudadanía. Específicamente, trabajamos a partir de dos enfoques: 1) la discusión entre liberales y comunitaristas y sus actuales derivas y 2) la cuestión de la biopolítica y su relación con la temática de la ciudadanía. Se procura revisar la discusión liberales-comunitaristas propia de las ciencias políticas, interpelándola a partir de conceptos como los de dominación, relaciones de poder, control sobre la vida, disciplina, entre otros provenientes de la filosofía práctica, la teoría social, las ciencias de la educación, etc. Nuestra investigación parte de la hipótesis de que hacer discutir las problemáticas que se disputan liberales-comunitaristas, con la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Frankfurt y con los recientes fenómenos biopolíticos, permite un abordaje que atiende a la efectiva complejidad de las prácticas de ciudadanía en nuestra vida en común en las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas. Esto permitirá complejizar los presupuestos con los que tradicionalmente se ha pensado la ciudadanía, a partir sobre todo de los fenómenos socio-políticos más recientes, como los nuevos movimientos sociales, las discusiones acerca de la legislación del aborto y la eutanasia, los esfuerzos de los estados nacionales por incrementar medidas de seguridad que van desde la imposición de fuertes barreras a la inmigración hasta la realización de guerras preventivas. Entendemos que estos, entre otros fenómenos, desafían la hermenéutica tradicional sobre la ciudadanía. Es de esta manera que se buscará comprender los límites y alcances de las ideas de ciudadanía, entendiéndola como un concepto histórico formador de subjetividades. La metodología se basa en una perspectiva interdisciplinaria que proporciona las herramientas para un análisis conceptual de la temática de la ciudadanía. Esta metodología está orientada al desarrollo de un marco teórico que resulte productivo para investigaciones de campo en las ciencias sociales, así como también para la elaboración de un material bibliográfico destinado a docentes abocados a la ciudadanía. Otro de los propósitos fundamentales es el de formar una red entre diferentes equipos de investigación a nivel nacional a partir de las “I Jornadas Nacionales sobre Ciudadanía” y de la organización de un seminario especializado con un profesor visitante. As far as the general topic of citizenship concerns philosophy, the theoretical problem of how to reconcile the different perspectives, assuming that this is an enterprise that can be done, remains an open question. Furthermore, the absence of academic material dealing with the problem seems to be a good indicator of this tendency. The main focus of the present Project aims at coping with some of the most notorious theoretical approaches to citizenship. More specifically, we will analyze the next two approaches: 1) the debate libertarians-communitarians and 2) the relationship between biopolitics and citizenship. Our purpose is to revise the discussion libertarians-communitarians incorporating concepts such as domination, power-relationships, life-control, among others that find their roots in practical philosophy, social theory, education and so on. To the extent that theories of citizenship are only provided with the usual conceptual machinery, some of the most remarkable phenomena of our democratic societies will stand for them out of reach: the existence of new social movements, abortion and euthanasia, inmigration, etc. Our hypothesis is that by making the debate libertarians-communitarians interact with the Critical Theory as well as with biopolitical concepts, we will be in a better position to try to understand these diverse phenomena. With the development of some sort of a new hermeneutics, we expect to criticize the old ideas related to citizenship and to re-elaborate them in a way that allows us to understand this concept in a less-fundamental, historical sense. Methodologically, we will adopt a multi-dimensional approach which expects to be fruitful to many other investigations in the area of social sciences. The Project pretends to be useful as a consultation resource for educators in a bibliographical index to design their curricula. At the same time,a seminar with a visiting profesor, the organization of a Congres will be our main objectives.

Análisis sobre la adaptación, ajuste y su consecuente retención en postes intraradiculares pre-formados no metálicos y en postes post-formados metálicos. Estudio comparativo.

Uno de los objetivos concretos de los remanentes radiculares tratados endodonticamente, es de servir como elemento de anclaje para una futura restauración protética. Si bien, todo tratamiento con pernos trae aparejado un cierto grado de debilitamiento tisular, es vital que este tipo de prótesis adapten y ajusten correctamente, ya que de ellas depende la estabilidad y la permanencia de la consecuente corona en boca. Son muchas las causas que nos pueden llevar a la falta de ajuste y adaptación de nuestras restauraciones, pero la técnica elegida para la preparación de la cavidad radicular, además del momento y el material con el que esta hecho el poste son 2 items fundamentales, para estudiar esta problemática. Actualmente existe un interesante debate a cerca de las ventajas de uno u otro sistema, en general esa discusión se centra en el análisis de las propiedades de uno u otro sistema, por ejemplo su modulo de elasticidad, su radiopacidad, su resistencia a la fractura, a la fatiga, su ventaja estética, etc. Pero hay un detalle, que por lo menos para nosotros es vital, la retención. En cuanto al diseño metodológico elegido para llevar a cabo este trabajo, se utilizaran 40 porciones radiculares a las que se les practicarán (con el mismo instrumento) cavidades con la finalidad de albergar postes intraradiculares. A las primeras 20 (codificadas) se le tomarán impresiones sectorizadas siguiendo posteriormente el protocolo correspondiente para la confección de postes post formados metálicos (colados) por método indirecto (Método COPISMY), luego de ser obtenidos, estos postes colados serán cementados a presión controlada sobre sus respectivas porciones radiculares. A las segundas 20 porciones (codificadas) se le cementarán también a presión controlada, postes prefabricados no metálicos, siguiendo los mismos pasos que para los colados. Posteriormente todas las muestras serán incluidas en cubos de resina transparente con la finalidad de practicarles cortes transversales para su posterior observación, medición y captura de imagen. Luego todos los valores numéricos obtenidos, serán sometidos a un estricto estudio estadístico para tratar de determinar si existen entre ambos grupos diferencias que puedan ser consideradas estadísticamente significativas.

Polish immigrants in Ireland's black economy: a phenomenological investigation

The purpose of this thesis is to answer the research question ‗why do some Polish migrants engage in shadow employment in the Republic of Ireland?‘ The individual and group interviews, which were conducted in August 2011 with thirteen Polish migrants, living and working in Ireland, generated the answer to the research question. Interviewees‘ responses were analysed from the point of view of the literature that examines the various factors within the topics of migration and the black economy. The thesis begins with theoretical background information regarding the enlargement of the European Union and the economic situation of Poland and Ireland. Then migration theories are explained and Polish and Irish migration history is presented. Next, the issue of the black economy and shadow employment is developed with a focus on its presence in Poland and Ireland. The following section is dedicated to the research methodology that was adopted to ensure effective collection of the information. The issues of the qualitative and quantitative research, phenomenological approach to the research and interviews as data collection are raised in that section. The last part of the thesis is based on an analysis of the respondents‘ statements. It explores interviewees‘ experience of life and work in Ireland. The main part of that section develops the reasons why do Polish workers engage in shadow employment in the Republic of Ireland. Simultaneously, it provides the answers to the research question of this thesis.

Motivating techniques within Irish and American manufacturing and service companies in the Northwest of Ireland

In today’s world, many companies are concentrating on both their technology and human resources to provide them with their competitive advantage. Hence, understanding what motivates people is particularly important for managers in order to develop and sustain a competitive edge. As a result, numerous theories have been advanced to help our understanding of the subject matter and from these theories many motivational methods have evolved to enhance motivation within the workplace. In addition, research has been conducted on the various types of motivational techniques utilised by companies within Ireland. However, very little research has been completed within specific geographical regions in Ireland concerning the types of motivational techniques implemented at different job levels and their impact on employees work performance. Thus the objective of this research was to identify the motivational techniques utilised at different job levels within large manufacturing and service companies in the Northwest of Ireland and examine how these techniques influence the performance levels of employees. Furthermore, the study examined if these companies have changed from traditional ways of motivating employees to newer techniques. The research methodologies used to undertake the research included interviews with the HR managers and questionnaires completed by different employees at various job levels within the participating companies. Overall the conclusions were varied. Many different types of motivation techniques were found within the study’s participating companies. Irish companies are improving their motivational techniques, however most of these techniques are only used within higher job levels. In contrast to their American counterparts, a variety of motivational techniques are utilised and implemented at all job levels. On a more positive note, the majority of these motivational techniques do increase performance levels at all job levels. From the extensive primary and secondary research conducted, the thesis concludes by offering a number of recommendations to assist companies in further development of their motivational techniques for all job levels. These recommendations hope to augment the success of companies through an enhanced motivated workforce.

Collaboration strategies and technological innovation: a contractual perspective of the relationship between firms and techonological centers

In this paper, a theoretical framework for analyzing the selection of governance structures for implementing collaboration agreements between firms and Technological Centers is presented and empirically discussed. This framework includes Transaction Costs and Property Rights’ theoretical assumptions, though complemented with several proposals coming from the Transactional Value Theory. This last theory is used for adding some dynamism in the governance structure selection. As empirical evidence of this theoretical explanation, we analyse four real experiences of collaboration between firms and one Technological Center. These experiences are aimed to represent the typology of relationships which Technological Centers usually face. Among others, a key interesting result is obtained: R&D collaboration activities do not need to always be organized through hierarchical solutions. In those cases where future expected benefits and/or reputation issues could play an important role, the traditional more static theories could not fully explain the selected governance structure for managing the R&D relationship. As a consequence, these results justify further research about the adequacy of the theoretical framework presented in this paper in other contexts, for example, R&D collaborations between firms and/or between Universities or Public Research Centers and firms.

The Cost of ownership in the governance of interfirm collaborations

This paper investigates the selection of governance forms in interfirm collaborations taking into account the predictions from transaction costs and property rights theories. Transaction costs arguments are often used to justify the introduction of hierarchical controls in collaborations, but the ownership dimension of going from “contracts” to “hierarchies” has been ignored in the past and with it the so called “costs of ownership”. The theoretical results, tested with a sample of collaborations in which participate Spanish firms, indicate that the cost of ownership may offset the benefits of hierarchical controls and therefore limit their diffusion. Evidence is also reported of possible complementarities between reputation effects and forms of ownership that go together with hierarchical controls (i.e. joint ventures), in contrast with the generally assumed substitutability between the two.

Imunidade e permeabilidade celular

After going through the more important theories on cellular permeability, researches were undertaken with the purpose of proving the actual influence of the various degrees of cellular permeability on the phenomena of organic resistance against infections, and on the production of antibodies. Three groups of substances known to have action on cellular permeability were used; the first consisting of the following permeable substances: testos-terona, acetylcholine, and the spreading-factor of the staphyloccocus. The second group included substances which help in developing low cellular permeability: atropin, adrenalin and calcium. Finally, the third group consisted of a substance which helps to maintain normal permeability: cortin (an extract of the suprarenal cortex). In order to study the process developed by these elements with regard to organic resistance against infections, adult mice were inoculated with the following germs: K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. enteriditis and D. pneumoniae, in the smallest possible amount capable of starting a mortal sep infection in approximately 24 hours, exception made of D. pneumonias which causes death in 48 hours. The animals were divided into groups of 10, a before taking the injections containing the germs, they were given the sub lances under observation, through their peritoneum of intramuscularly. T. animals that died were autopsied and blood was taken from their hearts an aseptic process so as not to introduce extraneous organisms. For the purpose of determining the development of antibodies (hem lysins, precipitins and aglutinins), rabbits were used, which had been prep ously immunized by a treatment consisting of 6 intravenous injections of polyvolent antigen made of sheep blood cells, fresh human serum, and of suspension of S. enteriditis. It was concluded that: Cellular permeability plays a very important part in the development infections. Permeable substances help the development of germ infections. Substances helping to develop low permeability proved not to have any influence worth mentioning. Substances helping to maintain normal permeability, such as coffin, it crease resistance against infections. The different substances used which have action on cellular permeability had no influence worth mentioning on the development of certain ant bodies (hemolysins, precipitins and aglutinins). It was admitted that the phenomena under study relative to resistance against infections are closely connected to the dynamics of the cellular elements, which circumstance is basically dependent on the permeability of Citations of cells.

Marx's analysis of the falling rate of profit on the first version of volume III of capital

The paper provides a description and analysis of the Hodgskin section of Theories of Surplus Value and the general law section of the first version of Volume III of Capital. It then considers Part III of Volume III, the evolution of Marx's thought and various interpretations of his theory in the light of this analysis. It is suggested that Marx thought that the rate of profit must fall and even in the 1870s hoped to be able to provide a demonstration of this. However the main conclusions are: 1. Marx's major attempt to show that the rate of profit must fall occurred in the general law section. 2. Part III does not contain a demonstration that the rate of profit must fall. 3. Marx was never able to demonstrate that the rate of profit must fall and he was aware of this.