Investigating Microbial Trace-fossils and Abiotic Alteration in Hydrovolcanic Tuffs of the Fort Rock Volcanic Field, Oregon

Microbial ichnofossils in volcanic rocks provide a significant record of subsurface microbes and potentially extraterrestrial biosignatures. Here, the textures, mineralogy, and geochemistry of two continental basaltic hydrovolcanic deposits - Reed Rocks and Black Hills - in the Fort Rock Volcanic Field (FRVF) are investigated. Methods include petrographic microscopy, micro and powder X-ray diffraction, SEM/BSE/EDF imaging, energy dispersive spectroscopy, stable isotopes, and X-ray fluorescence. Petrographic analysis revealed granular and tubular textures with biogenic morphologies that include terminal enlargements, septate divisions, branching forms, spiral filaments, and ovoid bodies resembling endolithic microborings described in ocean basalts. They display evidence of behaviour and a geologic context expressing their relative age and syngenicity. Differences in abiotic alteration and the abundance/morphotype assemblage of putative microborings between the sites indicate that water/rock ratio, fluid composition and flux, temperature and secondary phase formation are influences on microboring formation. This study is the first report of reputed endolithic microborings in basalts erupted in a continental lacustrine setting.

Notice to members and life members of the Long Point Co. from Louis N. Hayne

Notice to members and life members of the Long Point Co. from Louis N. Hayne stating that members permitting a punter or employee to shoot will not be permitted to take a punter or employee into the marsh until such further measures will be enforced, June 7, 1886.

Article of agreement between Alexander Cook, contractor of Humberstone and the Provisional Municipal Council of the county of Welland

Article of agreement between Alexander Cook, contractor of Humberstone and the Provisional Municipal Council of the county of Welland to construct and build the main drain through the marsh lands tract commencing in lot no. 27 in the 4th concession in the township of Humberstone in a southerly direction (6 pages, handwritten). This is signed by John Frazer, Provisional Warden, Dexter Deverardo and Alexander Cook. (2 copies), Dec. 30, 1854.

Letter to Dexter Deverardo, clerk of Fonthill from the Welland Canal Office of St. Catharines

Letter to Dexter Deverardo, clerk of Fonthill from the Welland Canal Office of St. Catharines in order to see that the work is done in a satisfactory manner. This letter is signed in pencil by S.D. Woodruff (4 pages, handwritten), Jan. 8, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Fred Holmes

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Fred Holmes stating that Mr. Holmes has run the line through the centre of the lots in the 4th concession of Humberstone. He would like to know if the centre of the lots is to be the centre of the road or the side of the road, Jan. 27, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo in which he says the warden has been absent from home until this morning. Enclosed is 30 pounds, Feb. 7, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Fred Holmes

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Fred Holmes stating that A. Cook and A. Mains have both requested an estimate of their work done, Feb. 23, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo discussing the survey results sent by Cook. He says that Mr. Misener will also be able to finish his survey this month. This item is burned on one side. This affects the text slightly, Feb. 26, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo discussing Mr. Misener’s calculations and suggestions (1 double-sided page, handwritten), March 31, 1855.

Letter [to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff]

Letter [to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff] discussing Mr. Cook’s and Mr. Misener’s calculations (2 ½ pages, handwritten), Apr. 7, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo stating that the council meeting will be held on the 28th, in Merrittville, June 25, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo about a council meeting on the 6th of July, July 4, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo about Lyons Creek, July 17, 1855.

Letter to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff

Letter to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff stating that there are obstructions which block the flow of water in Lyons Creek, July 20, 1855.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Fred Holmes

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Fred Holmes stating that he has taken the measures and soundings from Lyons Creek Culvert, Aug. 1, 1855.