1000 resultados para instituições políticas
Resumo:
Brazilian scientific production in Biochemistry is growing impressively fast, and Rio Grande do Sul is outstanding in that context. This study aims to outline the state's scientific research profile, given its prominent position in the national scenario. Hence, researchers, laboratories, development of human resources and investments by Foundation for the Support to Research in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) were identified and mapped. We observed that amount of financial support by FAPERGS decreases in last years. Therefore, there is the necessity to reestablish some of FAPERGS's programs, as well as to increase financial support to Biochemistry departments.
Resumo:
This paper presents a technology roadmap applied to renewable raw materials as a basis for public policy and strategies in Brazil. The roadmap, developed by Braskem professionals and academic experts, intends to be a basis of discussion and common language creation regarding the possible utilization of renewable raw materials for biofuel and chemical production in Brazil. Following this perspective, the roadmap is presented to public debate and contribution from the stakeholders. The paper describes the roadmap construction and presents the main implications for policy and strategy goals. An analysis of the innovation dynamics in renewable raw materials is developed as an outcome of the roadmap.
Resumo:
O Conselho Municipal da Saúde (CMS) de Ribeirão Preto (SP) conduziu discussões sobre os fundamentos da reconfiguração da interação entre a gestão local do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e as instituições de ensino superior (IES), para promover a reorientação da formação profissional em saúde. Essa iniciativa local foi ao encontro das políticas indutoras nacionais, tais como o Promed, o Pró-Saúde e o PET-Saúde. O relato da experiência desse município expôs os interesses corporativos, políticos e econômicos dos agentes envolvidos. Ainda mostrou que o controle social e a cogestão foram potentes instrumentos para consolidar as instâncias democráticas de decisão, apontando o desafio de regular e avaliar o impacto dessa interação por meio de indicadores de saúde, ensino, pesquisa e deíndices de satisfação dos usuários.
Resumo:
Partindo da obra de Marcel Mauss, este artigo pretende argumentar que a oração é uma dimensão cerimonial que, para além dos evidentes aspectos teológicos e doutrinários, permite aos sujeitos refletir sobre as condições sociais, políticas e econômicas cotidianas. Tal argumento será explorado a partir de uma etnografia sobre bangladeshis, que vivem entre Portugal e Bangladesh realizada entre 2003 e 2008, na qual procurarei revelar como os discursos e práticas sobre a salat, as cinco orações do calendário islâmico, revelam diversas dimensões da experiência migratória e o lugar de muitos dos meus interlocutores no Portugal contemporâneo. Mais: a oração não é apenas uma forma de revelar a sua experiência, mas também uma prática ritual através da qual determinados segmentos e atores procuram agir sobre o próprio mundo em que vivem.
Resumo:
Há 40 anos, em plena Guerra Fria, Robert Bellah concluiu seu célebre artigo sobre a religião civil americana com a seguinte pergunta: como conceber a aplicabilidade legítima dos valores-chave que suportam o imaginário nacional americano para além dos confins territoriais do seu Estado-nação? O presente artigo quer revisitar esta questão criticamente à luz de incursões regulatórias recentes dos EUA sobre o campo da liberdade religiosa no globo. Primeiramente, reviso a história da relação entre secularismo, identidade nacional e cristianismo nos EUA. A seguir, analiso as articulações político-religiosas que dão origem ao International Freedom of Religion Act (IRFA), em 1998. Por fim, tento destacar como este exercício pode fornecer contribuições mais gerais para o estudo da relação entre religião, nacionalismo e poder secular na contemporaeidade, com ênfase na relação entre estes e o princípio de soberania do estado de direito.
Resumo:
Resumen En América Latina, desde hace algunos años, una serie de actores religiosos vienen articulando estrategias para oponerse a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Si bien la jerarquía de la Iglesia Católica y algunas iglesias evangélicas continúan siendo centrales en la oposición a estos derechos, en las últimas décadas distintos sectores de la sociedad civil han comenzado también a activarse políticamente en pos de resistir el avance de la agenda de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Desde aquí, diversas ONG “pro-vida” vienen adquiriendo cada vez mayor relevancia en el contexto argentino. El presente artículo busca describir e identificar la emergencia y el desarrollo de estas ONG en Argentina, así como las transformaciones en sus identidades públicas y sus acciones. Se destaca cómo han mutado sus identidades religiosa, desplazando estos elementos a un segundo plano. Así, se da cuenta de las complejidades que adquieren las fronteras entre lo religioso y secular en su accionar político.
Resumo:
Public debate on social policies in Brazil has focused on the choice between targeted and universal programs. The article argues that the choice is unclear and misleading unless a previous decision is taken concerning principles of social justice. After distinguishing three different connotations of targeting - as residualism, conditionality or retification - and noting that universal programs may be compatible with minimalist social policy, the article goes on to make explicit a number of neglected options.
Resumo:
Public servant wages represent a significant part of Brazilian state governments' current expenses. Based on the literature, this paper has tried to identify which states practice efficient, compensatory or appropriation wage politics through the estimation of public-private wage differentials. The differential of salaries was calculated between 1995 and 2004 following the Oaxaca's technique. The results show that the wage policy of an important number of states has had efficiency and a numerous part of the North and the Northeast states have developed compensatory politics. The Federal District and Roraima practiced a wage policy characterized by explicit appropriation.
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The effect of industrial policies on the electronic sector in Brazil. Brazil's reputation in vertical industrial policies is dreadful. The electronics industry case is a good example. As measured by the performance of Brazil's exports vis-à-vis that of a group of emerging economies, the result of these policies was a total disaster. Had not been for the inadequacy of Brazil's industrial policies for this sector, exports of manufactures could have been between 36% and 46% higher than they actually were. Brazil's cumulated losses from 1984, when foreign microcomputer firms were prohibited to operate in the country, are estimated to be from 3.6 to 4.6 the country's manufactures export revenue in 2005.
Resumo:
Judiciary and regulatory policy. Increasingly, judges and the courts appear as actors capable of affecting the trajectory of the government decisions, as strategic agents in the policy process. This paper presents an analytical model able to clearly and objectively measure the impact of judicial review in the design of policies in the sphere of economic regulation. Underlying the model is the concept of transaction costs, through which one can raise the levels of intervention of the judiciary in regulatory policy. In addition to the analytical model, the article demonstrates that the interaction between the heterogeneity of preferences in the courts and institutional mechanisms of the justice system is capable of generating greater coordination and cooperation than expected.
Resumo:
This article deals with the conditioned income-transfer developed by the governments of Lula and Dilma, in the Brazilian case, and by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, in Argentina. In other words, the programs Bolsa Família and "Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social". They are comparatively analyzed with regard to their institutionality, the access criteria, the conditionings and the concept of poverty, in order to discuss whether they constitute or not a social right and the relative importance of the amount given.
Resumo:
Institutions and economic growth: The theoretical models of Thorstein Veblen and Douglass North. The aim of this work is to analyse the role of institutions in the economical growing. It searches for propose two theoretical models that explain the development, one is according to Thorstein Veblen and the other one is based on Douglass North. Thus, it summarises and compares the effects of the institutions growing and at the same time emphasizes the deviations and approximation on both theoretical chain. Beside the differences still exist, there is a research agenda that is approaching. In both theoretical models there are important concepts to analyse the effects of the institutions in the development.