Nuevos datos sobre la fauna del Cámbrico Inferior (Marianense) de Llerena (Badajoz)

Se dan nuevos datos sobre los invertebrados fósiles encontrados en el río Viar (Badajoz) de edad Cámbrico Inferior (Mananense), dándose una relación de fauna que consiste en: Trilobites (Serrodiscus, Termierella, Aldonaia, Saukianda e Hicksia), Celentéreos (Scenella), Braquiópodos (inarticulados indet.) y Moluscos (Hyolitha).

Aspectos da economia alimentar do Bronze Pleno da Beira Alta : a fauna de grandes mamíferos das «Salas 2 e 20» do Buraco da Moura de S. Romão (Seia)

Estuda-se a associação de grandes mamíferos recolhida em unidades estratigráficas das "Salas 20 e 2" do Buraco da Moura de S. Romão (Seia) correspondentes a uma ocupação do Bronze Pleno. Devido à natureza predominantemente ácida dos terrenos de toda a região beirã, restos faunísticos como os agora estudados são excepcionais. Tal facto valoriza as conclusões obtidas do seu estudo, não apenas sobre as bases de subsistência e hábitos alimentares, mas também acerca da economia das populações que, no Bronze Pleno, ocuparam a Bacia do Alto Mondego. Comprovou-se uma importante actividadepastoril, documentada pela predominância, no espectro faunístico, dos bovinos e ovinos e onde a caça ocupava um lugar muito secundário. Tal situação reforça a proposta de atribuição da degradação do coberto florestal da área serrana como tendo origem antrópica, datando talvez desde o IV milénio a. C., ligando-se á necessidade da obtenção de terras de pastoreio.

Relação entre a qualidade da água e a composição da fauna bentônica da produção de tilápia em tanques-rede.

A comunidade bentônica exerce um importante papel em processos ecológicos e eco toxicológico em ambientes aquáticos. Esta comunidade reflete alterações físicas, químicas e ecológicas ocorridas no ambiente aquático, funcionando como indicador de alterações da qualidade ambiental. É constituída, em sua grande parte, de organismos sedentários ou sésseis de vida relativamente longa (RESH, 1993; ROSENBERG e RESH, 1993) indicando o estado trófico passado e presente e os efeitos de poluentes nos corpos d?água, armazenando informações por períodos mais longos. O cultivo de peixes em tanques-rede vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado. O aumento desta atividade faz com que se torne necessária o desenvolvimento e aplicação de tecnologias de baixo custo e práticas para o monitoramento e avaliação da qualidade da água em reservatórios rurais.Em vista disso, coletores do tipo substrato artificial podem ser utilizados para esta finalidade, possuindo a vantagem de reduzir bastante ocusto de avaliação da qualidade da água por empregarem materiais de fácil aquisição e confecção.

Diseño de material didáctico con técnica pop up como material educativo de la fauna endémica de las islas Galápagos

El presente proyecto nace del interés de ampliar y transmitir conocimientos referentes a las Islas Galápagos, sus características, su historia, sus especies únicas y milenarias, de una manera innovadora, divertida y tridimensional para así apostar simbólicamente a nuestro planeta, es que interesarse por aquello que tenemos a la altura de nuestro sentidos para conocerlo, respetarlo y, todavía mejor, protegerlo, es la base del cambio. Uno de los aspectos principales del proyecto es la ilustración de cada una de las especies endémicas de las Islas que parte desde su forma básica, el bocetaje, siendo el punto de partida para la obtención de una variedad de paisajes, especies y complementos. En el proceso de diseño se aplica la técnica de los libros móviles, esta técnica que junto a la ingeniería del papel produce el efecto tridimensional que conjuntamente con el previo estudio de temas fundamentales sobre ilustración, color, tipografía y diseño editorial enfocado a lo largo del proyecto al público objetivo permiten plasmar de manera conjunta, correcta y coherente cada uno de los conocimientos que buscamos transmitir en el libro , facilitando así al lector el disfrute de esta actividad, su formación integral y la ampliación de sus conocimientos, generando una relación armónica entre la actividad , el conocimiento y el mundo que los rodea.

Abundância das formas imaturas de Psaroniocompsa incrustata ( Lutz, 1910) (Diptera: Simuliidae) em um criadouro natural no rio Pium/RN, e sua fauna associada

The species psaroniocompsa incrustata (Lutz, 1910) was studied in relation to its abundance in different and seasonal periods, the physico-chemical of the breending ground and the fauna predation added to the immature of the species. The study was developed during eight months, from April to July, 2005 (rainy season) and from October, 2005 to January, 2006 (drought season), in one natural breending ground situated in the Pium river, that is part of the hydrographical basin of the Pirangi river in Rio Grande do Norte. The immature of Simuliidae were collected manually in vegetal substrate. At the same place, it was made one sampling of the associated fauna using Suber collectors and the measurement of the environment variants. It was also made one analysis of the stomach content of possible enemies of the simulídeos, to observe the predation of the associated fauna. It was collected 7.713 samples, all from de species P. Incrustata, it was observed a bigger abundance in the drought season, and the entomologic fauna associated totalizing 20.1314 species, distributed in the kinds: Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, e Hemiptera, with a bigger representativity of Dipteros. The analysis of the stomach content of the species from the families Libellulidae and Hydropsychidae showed the presence of the simulídeos in only 4% of the material analysed, therefore it was not confirmed the presence of one efficient biological control of the simulídeos in this breending ground

Development of an ecotoxicological protocol for the deep-sea fauna using the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

In light of deep-sea mining industry development, particularly interested in massive-sulphide deposits enriched in metals with high commercial value, efforts are increasing to better understand potential environmental impacts to local fauna. The aim of this study was to assess the natural background levels of biomarkers in the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and their responses to copper exposure at in situ pressure (30MPa) as well as the effects of depressurization and pressurization of the high-pressure aquarium IPOCAMP. R. exoculata were collected from the chimney walls of the hydrothermal vent site TAG (Mid Atlantic Ridge) at 3630m depth during the BICOSE cruise in 2014. Tissue metal accumulation was quantified in different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas and muscle) and a battery of biomarkers was measured: metal exposure (metallothioneins), oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation). Data show a higher concentration of Cu in the hepatopancreas and a slight increase in the gills after incubations (for both exposed groups). Significant induction of metallothioneins was observed in the gills of shrimps exposed to 4μM of Cu compared to the control group. Moreover, activities of enzymes were detected for the in situ group, showing a background protection against metal toxicity. Results suggest that the proposed method, including a physiologically critical step of pressurizing and depressurizing the test chamber to enable the seawater exchange during exposure to contaminants, is not affecting metal accumulation and biomarkers response and may prove a useful method to assess toxicity of contaminants in deep-sea species.

Ascidonia Flavomaculata (Heller, 1864), a new record for the Portuguese marine invertebrate fauna (Decapoda, Pontoniidae)

Several specimens of Ascidonia flavomaculata were collected during experimental fishing trials along the southern coast of Portugal. All specimens were associated with the solitary ascidian, Phallusia mammillata. The pontoniinae shrimp, A. flavomaculata is here recorded from the Portuguese coast for the first time, extending the species’ known distribution range further north along the coast of the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

The fish fauna of Ampère Seamount (NE Atlantic) and the adjacent abyssal plain

An inventory of benthic and benthopelagic fishes is presented as a result of two exploratory surveys around Ampe`re Seamount, between Madeira and the Portuguese mainland, covering water depths from 60 to 4,400 m. A total of 239 fishes were collected using different types of sampling gear. Three chondrichthyan species and 31 teleosts in 21 families were identified. The collections showed a vertical zonation with little overlap, but indications for an affinity of species to certain water masses were only vague. Although most of the species present new records for Ampe`re Seamount, all of them have been known for the NE Atlantic; endemic species were not found. The comparison with fish communities at other NE Atlantic seamounts indicates that despite a high ichthyofaunal similarity, which supports the ‘‘stepping stone’’ hypothesis of species dispersal, some differences can be attributed to the local features of the seamounts.

Marine litter in the upper São Vicente submarine canyon (SW Portugal): abundance, distribution, composition and fauna interactions

Marine litter has become a worldwide environmental problem, tainting all ocean habitats. The abundance, distribution and composition of litter and its interactions with fauna were evaluated in the upper S. Vicente canyon using video images from 3 remote operated vehicle exploratory dives. Litter was present in all dives and the abundance was as high as 3.31 items100m(-1). Mean abundance of litter over rock bottom was higher than on soft substrate. Mean litter abundance was slightly higher than reported for other canyons on the Portuguese margin, but lower in comparison to more urbanized coastal areas of the world. Lost fishing gear was the prevalent type of litter, indicating that the majority of litter originates from maritime sources, mainly fishing activity. Physical contact with sessile fauna and entanglement of specimens were the major impacts of lost fishing gear. Based on the importance of this region for the local fishermen, litter abundance is expected to increase.

Effect of castor cake and elephant grass composting on edaphic fauna

Elephant grass and castor cake when combined can make a promising organic fertilizer. However, castor cake contains potentially toxic chemicals, such as ricin and ricinine. To test potential effects of these chemicals, compost piles of elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) with castor cake were prepared with different C:N ratios (T1 = 40, T2 = 30, T3 = 20; T4 = 30 [control, elephant grass + crotalaria]) to evaluate colonization by edaphic fauna and any suppressive effects of castor cake. Soil organisms were collected with Berlese-Tullgren funnels. There were temporal differences between the treatments, and the epigeous fauna was mainly represented by members of the Acari and Entomobryomorpha. Elapsed time is the major factor in determining the composition of the epigeous fauna community associated with composting, indicating that castor cake has no suppressive effect.

Desenvolvimento de tecnologias para o manejo integrado de pragas da macieira e pereira. Atividade: Bioindicadores de macro fauna de solo para avaliação de impacto do manejo fitossanitário.

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de analisar o impacto antrópico comparando as populações de macrofauna de solo de diferentes sistemas ambientais. A avaliação do impacto na variabilidade e quantidade da macrofauna comparadas entre si permitirá a criação de um índice bioindicador expedito de qualidade ambiental, que poderá ser utilizado pelo produtor, auxiliando no registro da evolução dos processos de degradação ou recuperação de uma área. Para realizar este trabalho, foram escolhidos nove locais para armadilhas, sendo oito na unidade da Embrapa Uva e Vinho (pomar orgânico, capoeira, bosque, pomar pequenos frutos, campo nativo, pomar em implantação, pomar convencional, área de pinnus) e uma lavoura de grãos ao lado da unidade, todos com as mesmas condições de clima e solo.

Diversidade da fauna edáfica e epigeica de invertebrados em consórcio de mandioca com adubos verdes.

2016

Diversidade da fauna de invertebrados associada a três genótipos de Paspalum notatum para uso como gramados.

2016

Servizio provinciale integrativo di formazione e protezione in relazione alla fauna selvatica

In questa tesi si propone una soluzione alle difficoltà di gestione, tutela e ricerca della fauna presente in Alto Adige. Nel 1992, la Legge n. 157, comunemente nota come “legge sulla caccia”, ha delegato alle Regioni e alle Province autonome la regolamentazione delle attività di soccorso della fauna selvatica. Ad oggi non esistono né una definizione univoca di “centro di recupero”, né una legislazione nazionale di riferimento, nonostante siano strutture ampiamente diffuse sul territorio italiano, con un ruolo significativo per la tutela della fauna selvatica e capaci di forte impatto sull’opinione pubblica. Ne è scaturito un quadro nazionale eterogeneo in cui gli effetti di leggi molto diverse tra loro si sommano alle individualità delle associazioni incaricate e dei singoli individui partecipanti. In provincia di Bolzano l’unico centro di recupero operativo secondo la delega provinciale, soddisfa in maniera molto marginale agli obblighi a cui dovrebbe sottostare ricoprendo questo ruolo all’interno della provincia. Sarà quindi ipotizzata la presenza di un ulteriore centro di recupero faunistico in grado di adattarsi meglio alle esigenze del territorio e risolvere alcune tra le problematiche che il territorio, gli enti locali e le attività animaliste lasciano irrisolte. Più nello specifico, le attività del centro saranno inquadrate in un programma globale che potrà essere adottato come programma nazionale per la salvaguardia delle specie animali minacciate, attraverso le funzioni di cura della fauna, educazione ambientale, sensibilizzazione mediatica, corsi di formazione volontari, conduzione di programmi di riproduzione e reintroduzione di specie rare, nonché raccolta di dati e materiali per la ricerca e lo studio scientifico in ambito ecosistemico.

Aspectos médicos e sociais no atendimento oftalmológico de urgência

Purpose: A survey was carried out on one hundred patients of the Emergency Service of the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), in order to analyze the personal characteristics and the barriers against getting resolving ophthalmologic assistance. Variables, were the following: sex, age, home town, average distance between the place of initial symptoms and first visit to the hospital, time spent between the first examination (if performed in any other service) and the examination performed at the Hospital das Clinicas of University of Campinas, diagnosis, veracity of emergency, need to refer patients previously seen in other services to our Service and possibility of assistance and treatment at a secondary level. Methods: The sample showed the following characteristics: distances between 20 and 100 kilometers covered by 50.0% of the patients to be seen at University of Campinas. 75.0% of those patients needed someone to stay with them and 67.0% came from other municipalities. The long distances covered meant additional expenses for the treatment of diseases which should be treated locally. Results: Among the patients referred to University of Campinas by ophthalmologists of other services, 87.5% could have their diseases treated at a secondary level of assistance and 66.7% of real emergencies and 60% of false emergencies took longer than 7 days to reach the emergency room of University of Campinas. This shows the poor infrastructure of secondary services regarding excellence of emergency care and education of patients. Conclusions: We recommend education of general physicians and ophthalmologists for emergency eye care and also the supply of both secondary and tertiary public services or medicare, strategically setup in the whole state of Sao Paulo.