Fluxo contínuo: ferramenta do Sistema de Produção Enxuta aplicado ao processo de produção de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto para fundações

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação do fluxo contínuo na produção de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto para fundação, com base no Sistema de Produção Enxuta. Princípios que regem a Produção Enxuta, eliminação de desperdícios e o mapeamento do fluxo de valor em uma situação real foram utilizados para a obtenção de resultados dessa aplicação, evidenciando uma transformação enxuta, com expressivas reduções dos desperdícios gerados no processo puxado de produção das estacas. O período da pesquisa foi de 8 meses em uma empresa de caráter privado, onde por meio da utilização de ferramentas desse sistema e a metodologia da pesquisa-ação, foi possível identificar o processo crítico – serralheria – para onde se concentraram as ações de melhoria, com a mudança de leiaute, redução de desperdícios e criação de uma célula de produção, favorecendo a aplicação do fluxo contínuo nesta cadeia produtiva. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram realizados treinamentos in loco com os futuros operadores da célula da serralheria, os quais participavam ativamente na promoção de melhorias. O resultado da implementação do fluxo contínuo é o seqüenciamento da produção por meio de leiaute celular e supermercados sincronizando à cadeia produtiva. A determinação do takt time de 14 minutos, o dimensionamento do pichi e o novo leiaute para a célula, permitiram reduções de 80% de movimentação no chão de fábrica, 15% de ganhos totais de área, diminuição de 66,5% de deslocamentos na serralheria. Essas mudanças beneficiaram as outras duas etapas do processo (ferragem e concretagem), também na redução de desperdícios com movimentações e, diante do contexto das melhorias, foi possível identificar os ganhos quanto aos custos operacionais. Como conseqüência, obteve-se um fluxo de informação claro através dos supermercados dentro da célula de produção, o estabelecimento de um fluxo de material e pessoas sem interrupções, favorecendo a implementação do fluxo contínuo. Contudo, criar o fluxo contínuo na produção de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto, em uma empresa privada, depende de fatores organizacionais quanto ao estilo gerencial, comprometimento e delegações de poderes, uma vez que a interrupção imediata do processo produtivo na ocorrência de problemas, somente tornou-se possível mediante intervenção da gerência geral, o que dificultou o prosseguimento das melhorias na linha de produção quanto aos demais processos.

O trabalho escravo contemporâneo como fator de descumprimento da função social da propriedade rural

Pretende-se analisar o descumprimento da função social da propriedade rural vinculada à redução de trabalhadores à condição análoga a de escravos, tendo em vista que a Constituição Federal de 1988 elegeu a dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do Estado Democrático de Direito, bem como trouxe no rol dos requisitos para o cumprimento da função social da propriedade rural, art. 186, a observância das disposições que regulam as relações de trabalho e a exploração que favoreça o bem estar dos proprietários e dos trabalhadores. A função social da propriedade rural é vista neste estudo como elemento inerente ao atual conceito de direito de propriedade. Ao considerarmos a função social da propriedade como estrutural ao direito de propriedade, isto é, o direito de propriedade agrária existe para cumprir uma função necessária à sociedade, a inobservância desta sócio-funcionalidade leva à própria extinção do direito em questão, fato este que na prática retira do Estado a obrigação de proteger a condição de proprietário do descumpridor. Neste sentido, a desconstituição do direito de propriedade sobre as terras onde ocorra o trabalho escravo contemporâneo, seria uma proposta à reconstrução da dogmática do direito de propriedade rural. Nestes termos, a abordagem tem por objetivo, a partir da Carta Republicana de 1988, a releitura de valores, conformadores do conteúdo do direito de propriedade e da dignidade da pessoa humana. O capítulo I retrata o trabalho escravo contemporâneo e sua relação com as atividades produtivas na região amazônica. O Capítulo II analisa o Trabalho Escravo Contemporâneo como prática criminalizada no Art. 149 do CPB, bem como a mudança de paradigma com a alteração da redação da legislação ocorrida em 2003. O capítulo III aborda o método sistemático de interpretação constitucional sob o enfoque axiológico teleológico. O capítulo IV evidencia a dignidade humana como diretriz e norma constitucional, principal valor violado na prática do trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Por fim, o capítulo V revela os fundamentos do direito de propriedade a partir da atual hermenêutica constitucional, diferenciando-o de seu padrão individualista, o que leva a breve exposição sobre a diferença entre desapropriação e desconstituição do direito de propriedade rural pela prática do trabalho escravo contemporâneo.

Avaliação da dinâmica temporal da evaporação no reservatório de Itumbiara, GO, utilizando dados obtidos por sensoriamento remoto

The object of this work was to study the dynamics of evaporation in the Itumbiara reservoir, located in Central Brazil, using MODIS-derived water surface temperature (product MOD11A1) and meteorological data acquired over the water surface. The evaporation rates were derived from latent heat flux, estimated through a mass transfer model. The estimates were carried out for the period between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2010. The results showed that evaporation rate tends to increase from January to September and then decrease from September to December. The evaporation rate reached values near 20 mm day-1 in Itumbiara reservoir during the dry season in 2010. The mean evaporation rate for the wet season was 3.66 mm day-1 and 8.25 mm day-1 for the dry season. The total water volume evaporated from Itumbiara reservoir during 2010 was estimated at about 1.7 billion m³ (2,300 mm) which represents 10% of total reservoir volume. The results suggest that advection is the main transport mechanism which drives the evaporation in Itumbiara. The convective processes contribute secondarily to evaporation in Itumbiara reservoir.

Análise dos procedimentos metodológicos utilizados na definição de áreas de influência e níveis de significância em estudos de impacto ambiental de dutovias

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Confinement effects and why carbon nanotube bundles can work as gas sensors

Carbon nanotubes have been at the forefront of nanotechnology, leading not only to a better understanding of the basic properties of charge transport in one dimensional materials, but also to the perspective of a variety of possible applications, including highly sensitive sensors. Practical issues, however, have led to the use of bundles of nanotubes in devices, instead of isolated single nanotubes. From a theoretical perspective, the understanding of charge transport in such bundles, and how it is affected by the adsorption of molecules, has been very limited, one of the reasons being the sheer size of the calculations. A frequent option has been the extrapolation of knowledge gained from single tubes to the properties of bundles. In the present work we show that such procedure is not correct, and that there are qualitative differences in the effects caused by molecules on the charge transport in bundles versus isolated nanotubes. Using a combination of density functional theory and recursive Green's function techniques we show that the adsorption of molecules randomly distributed onto the walls of carbon nanotube bundles leads to changes in the charge density and consequently to significant alterations in the conductance even in pristine tubes. We show that this effect is driven by confinement which is not present in isolated nanotubes. Furthermore, a low concentration of dopants randomly adsorbed along a two-hundred nm long bundle drives a change in the transport regime; from ballistic to diffusive, which can account for the high sensitivity to different molecules.

Selective protection of the cerebellum against intracerebroventricular LPS is mediated by local melatonin synthesis

Although melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland, an increasing number of extra-pineal sites of melatonin synthesis have been described. We previously demonstrated the existence of bidirectional communication between the pineal gland and the immune system that drives a switch in melatonin production from the pineal gland to peripheral organs during the mounting of an innate immune response. In the present study, we show that acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injected directly into the lateral ventricles of adult rats reduces the nocturnal peak of melatonin in the plasma and induces its synthesis in the cerebellum, though not in the cortex or hippocampus. This increase in cerebellar melatonin content requires the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which positively regulates the expression of the key enzyme for melatonin synthesis, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT). Interestingly, LPS treatment led to neuronal death in the hippocampus and cortex, but not in the cerebellum. This privileged protection of cerebellar cells was abrogated when G-protein-coupled melatonin receptors were blocked by the melatonin antagonist luzindole, suggesting that the local production of melatonin protects cerebellar neurons from LPS toxicity. This is the first demonstration of a switch between pineal and extra-pineal melatonin production in the central nervous system following a neuroinflammatory response. These results have direct implications concerning the differential susceptibility of specific brain areas to neuronal death.

Lumped element modeling of operational structures by inverting the mobility models

This paper is concerned with what a source precisely sees when it drives a receiver such as a continuous structural object. An equivalent lumped element system consisting of masses, springs and dampers is developed to visually represent the operational structural dynamics of a single-input structure at the driving point. The development is solely based on the mobility model of the driving point response. The mobility model is mathematically inverted to give the impedance model that is suitable for lumped element modeling. The two types of structures studied are unconstrained inertial objects and constrained resilient objects. The lumped element systems presented suggest a new view to dynamics that a single-input flexible structure in operation can be decomposed into the two subsystems: a base system of single degree of freedom (or of a mass for an inertial object) whose mass is in contact with the source and an appendage system consisting of a series of oscillators each of which is attached to the base mass. The driving point response is a result of the coupling between the two subsystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aspects of Manual Wheelchair Configuration Affecting Mobility: A Review

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Zoneamento geoambiental do estado do Tocantins

The lack of environment planning studies in Brazil drives to an imbalance due to a disorderly occupation in some areas. As the youngest Brazilian state facing a fast occupation, Tocantins is included on this situation. In order to provide guidelines for an environment planning studies, this paper is under geoenvironmental zoning which is based on the integration of physical aspects. This detailed study supported by maps elaborated on GIS environment, will be able to present the support for planning studies focused on the potential or limitation of the area

Caracterização gfeológico-geotécnica aplicada a gestão de risco no gasoduto GASBOL, trecho Ipeúna/SP - Itirapina/SP

The pipelines are characterized by the great length and linearity, these enterprises are usually associated with the horizon of soil and decomposed rock and accidents in this system usually have high complexity. So this work proposes a study of geological and geotechnical characterization of approximately 40 km ² and a study of risk analysis along 18.3 km of gas pipeline GASBOL, in the municipalities of Ipeúna-SP and Itirapina-SP, in scale 1:25.000, besides correlation between studies. The method for geological and geotechnical characterization is based on physiographic integrated analysis technique, which is supported by literature research, observation and interpretation of satellite imagery (photointerpretation), correlation of products numerical model of ground, fieldwork. The method adopted for risk classification is based on preliminary analysis of hazards (APP) technique, which is identified the geological process, this feature is classified as the susceptibility of occurrence, and then classified as the possible consequence of the process, if this evolves. As a product of the research, we designed a map in 1:25,000 scale, containing a table of geological and geotechnical characteristics of the mapped drives, as well as sectorization risk in each section of the pipeline. Were mapped geological and geotechnical seven units in the study area, delimited in excerpts of which five are classified as high risk, totaling 1.1 km in length of 18.3 km total

Estudo para a implementação de um sistema de desbaste de cobre para manufatura de placas de circuito impresso

This paper presents a study on the development of a manufacturing system of printed circuit boards through copper milling. An advantage of this system is the replacement of chemical processes by physical process presenting a sustainable solution. The paper uses programs that will generate G-code needed to establish the coordinates where the milling forms the tracks. After obtaining the code, it will be transformed into steps that will be sent through the serial port to the microcontroller and the serial communication control will be in software. After obtaining information the microcontroller will execute the movement of the stepper motors through their drivers, H-bridge, the microcontroller also drives the spindle motor responsible for rotating the grinding tool, using a driver with a optocoupler and TRIAC

Identificação de causas especiais no processo que aumentam a ocorrência de poro na solda de tubos de aço: aplicação etapas definir, medir e analisar do DMAIC

This work covers the methodology Six Sigma with the application of the steps Define, Measure and Analyze a company of steel tubes, with the objective of identify special causes in the process that drives the creation of the pore defect in the solder. It is highlighted the fact that this work is the base of an continuous upgrade project that aims in eliminating the occurrence of this defect. The motivation is given to the necessity of improving the productivity of the factory, considering that the defect occurs at random and your causes are unknown. This way, it was defined that the problem to analyze, measured the capability of the process in DPMO and analyzed with the aid of graph by attribute P. The results show the process that present special cases, as well as the process considered ideal, This way it was stated that in this work, the processes destabilized and the controlled, allowing a comparison of the characteristics for the elaboration of concise action plans to eliminate the defect. The project must follow the steps Upgrade and control the methodology Six Sigma, in order to ensure success in his execution, aiming to amplify the competitive edge of the business

O grupo cervejeiro nacional petrópolis na evolução do capitalismo brasileiro: concorrência e expansão territorial

The processes resulting from globalization are backdrop for the work. On the other hand the Regulation Theory is theoretical north that drives research directions. Considering these two basis, we studied the formation of economic groups as a consequence of the processes of concentration and centralization of capital, giving more emphasis on their national character. We see how they went through the restructuring process in the transition from Fordist accumulation regime to a flexible system of accumulation. We 'll discuss the brewery industry and how major industry groups are currently creating a sector overview, ranging from the productive process to the forms of competition among large companies. Specifically we will see the Petrópolis Group this framework and how the company relates to the territory, and what answers we have of this relationship in terms of local development in the territories where the group entered, and territorial changes which have occurred there

Marx (1843-1852): política e revolução - um (re)encontro com a emancipação do trabalho

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vida e morte em diálogo com a voz narrativa, o tempo e o espaço em Mrs. Dalloway, To The Lighthouse e Between the Acts de Virginia Woolf

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)