CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ACÁCIA-NEGRA COM VERMICOMPOSTOS DE DIFERENTES RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS

A utilização de vermicompostos de diferentes resíduos agroindustriais na produção de mudas de acácianegra pode ser uma alternativa de reutilização de resíduos e aumentar a produção de mudas. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o crescimento e a concentração de nutrientes em mudas de acácianegra, cultivadas em substratos com diferentes vermicompostos de resíduos orgânicos agroindustriais. Instalou-se em casa de vegetação 11 diferentes tratamentos: T1) vermicomposto de esterco bovino (EB); T2) vermicomposto de esterco ovino (EO); T3) vermicomposto de lodo de parbolização de arroz (LP); T4) tratamento controle (sem adubação); T5) tratamento controle com adução mineral (NPK); T6) mistura de EB e LP; T7) mistura de EO e LP; T8) mistura de EB e vermicomposto de resíduos de alimentos (RA); T9) mistura de EO e RA; T10) mistura de EB e vermicomposto de resíduos de frutas (RF); T11) mistura de EO e RF. Após 180 dias de cultivo em recipiente com capacidade de cinco litros, foram analisadas a massa seca e a concentração de nutrientes na parte aérea da acácia-negra, e a concentração de nutrientes no solo, após o cultivo. A adição do esterco bovino, bem como a mistura de esterco bovino e resíduos alimentícios favoreceram o incremento de matéria seca das plantas de acácia-negra. Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações de nutrientes nas plantas, com exceção de Fe e Mn, variaram com adição de vermicompostos no solo. Os tratamentos T3 e T6 elevaram as concentrações em P, N, Zn de Cu nas folhas de acácia-negra. Além disso, a adição dos vermicompostos ao solo aumentou a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas, mesmo após o cultivo, especialmente com relação ao fósforo, potássio e magnésio, sendo uma alternativa viável e eficaz na produção de mudas, podendo substituir a utilização de adubação mineral.

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

Numéro spécial: Translational Nanomedicine

MULTIPLICAÇÃO E ALONGAMENTO IN VITRO DE CLONES HÍBRIDOS DE Eucalyptus globulus

Os híbridos de Eucalyptus globulus representam uma excelente alternativa para o setor de celulose e papel, em razão dos ganhos em qualidade da madeira para a fabricação de celulose. Entretanto, estes híbridos têm apresentado recalcitrância ao enraizamento adventício. Assim, a micropropagação é apontada como a técnica para o rejuvenescimento desses híbridos adultos, viabilizando a propagação clonal dos mesmos. O presente trabalho avaliou o cultivo in vitro de três clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus e de três clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus, em relação à multiplicação in vitro, no meio MS suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,01 mg L-1 de ANA, bem como o efeito das concentrações de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0 mg L-1 de AIB e dos meios de cultura MS e JADS no alongamento in vitro das brotações. Os clones diferiram quanto à multiplicação in vitro das brotações e apresentaram uma taxa de multiplicação média dos clones de 3,0 tufos de brotações em cada subcultivo, ao longo dos 25 subcultivos realizados. No alongamento in vitro, os clones diferiram quanto às concentrações de AIB adequadas para provocar o alongamento, bem como em relação aos meios de cultura MS e JADS. O intervalo médio entre 0,40 e 0,80 mg L-1 de AIB proporcionou o maior número e comprimento das brotações alongadas in vitro e com maior vigor.

Adventitious rooting of conifers: influence of biological factors

Vegetative propagation of superior conifer trees can be achieved e.g. through rooted cuttings or rooted microshoots, the latter predominantly through in vitro tissue culture. Both techniques are used to achieve rapid multiplication of trees with favorable genetic combinations and to capture a large proportion of the genetic diversity in a single generation cycle. However, adventitious rooting of shoots (cuttings) is often not efficient due to various problems such as scarcity of roots and cessation of their growth, both of which limit the application of vegetative propagation in some conifer species. Many factors are involved in the adventitious rooting of shoots including physical and chemical ones such as plant growth regulators, carbohydrates, light quality, temperature and rooting substrates or media (reviewed by Ragonezi et al. 2010). The focus of this review is on biological factors, such as inoculations with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, plant- growth-promoting rhizobacteria and other endophytes, and mycorrhizal fungi, which were found to stimulate adventitious rooting. These microorganisms could contribute not only to adventitious root development but also help in protecting conifer plants against pathogenic microorganisms, facilitate acclimation and transplanting, and contribute to more sustainable, chemical-free forests.

APLICAÇÃO DE AIB E TIPO DE MINIESTACAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de miniestacas e a necessidade de aplicação de ácido indolbutírico sobre o enraizamento e qualidade das mudas formadas de Handroanthus heptaphyllus . As miniestacas apicais e intermediárias foram obtidas em minijardim multiclonal formado a partir de sementes. As miniestacas foram preparadas com 5 cm de comprimento, um par de folhas reduzidas a 50% da área foliar e estaqueadas sem e com AIB na concentração de 8000 mg L-1. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30 dias, na expedição do setor de enraizamento e aos 120 dias, quando a muda se encontrava formada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2 (três épocas de coleta, duas concentrações de AIB e duas posições do propágulo), com quatro repetições, sendo 12 miniestacas por repetição. De acordo com os resultados, o AIB não foi necessário para o enraizamento das miniestacas, entretanto, sua utilização promove incremento do número e comprimento de raízes. As miniestacas intermediárias proporcionaram maior massa seca de raízes aos 30 dias após o estaqueamento, e aos 120 dias, maior número de folhas e de raízes. A época de coleta influenciou a qualidade final das mudas. Aquelas produzidas na última coleta (oitavo) apresentaram valores médios inferiores nas características biométricas, exceto para o comprimento e número de raízes de primeira ordem.

In vitro REGENERATION OF PIGEON PEA USING LEAF EXPLANTS

Pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a drought tolerant pulse legume, mainly grown for grain in the semi-arid tropics, particularly in Africa. Pigeon pea production in countries like Kenya is faced with a number of challenges, particularly lack of high quality seeds. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro regeneration system for pigeon pea varieties grown in Kenya, that is amenable to genetic transformation. In vitro regeneration of pigeon pea varieties, KAT 60/8 and ICEAP 00557, commonly grown in Kenya was achieved using leaf explants from in vitro grown seedlings, through callus initiation, followed by shoot and root induction. For callus initiation, MS media supplemented with 0.5-4 mg l-1 2, 4-D and TDZ separately were tested, and IBA at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg l-1 was tested for rooting of shoots. Embryogenic calli was obtained on MS containing 2, 4- D; whereas TDZ induced non-embryogenic callus alone or with shoots directly on explants. Indirect shoot regeneration frequency of 6.7 % was achieved using 1 mg l-1 2, 4-D-induced embryogenic callus obtained using KAT 60/8 explants. Whereas direct shoot regeneration frequencies of 20 and 16.7% were achieved using ICEAP 00557 and KAT 60/8 explants, using 0.5 mg l-1 and 2 mg l-1 TDZ, respectively. Optimum rooting was achieved using 0.5 mg l-1 IBA; and up to 92% rooted shoots were successfully established in soil after acclimatisation. Genotype and hormone concentrations had a significant (P<0.05) influence on callus, shoot and root induction. The protocol developed can be optimised for mass production and genetic transformation of KAT 60/8 variety.

Enraizamento de estacas de Camellia sinensis L. em função da época de coleta de ramos, genótipos e ácido indolbutírico

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da época de coleta de ramos, genótipo e concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de Camellia sinensis L. Para tal, foram coletados ramos dos genótipos IAC 259, F 15 e Comum, em Pariquera-Açu, SP, Brasil, no inverno, primavera, verão e outono. em seguida, foram preparadas estacas que foram tratadas com AIB (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 e 8.000 e 10.000mg L-1), plantadas em vermiculita e mantidas em viveiro sob 70% de sombreamento e irrigação periódica. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x3x6 (quatro épocas, três genótipos e seis concentrações de AIB), com quatro repetições de oito estacas. A época ideal para se coletar os ramos foi o inverno. Estacas coletadas no inverno apresentaram mortalidade média de 41%, enquanto nas estacas vivas o enraizamento médio foi de 66%, influenciado apenas pelo genótipo, todas apresentaram brotações e apenas 32% apresentaram calos. O AIB influenciou o número e o comprimento das raízes formadas em estacas no inverno. Na primavera, apesar da menor mortalidade (31%), apenas 0,34% das estacas vivas apresentaram raiz e 49% brotação, enquanto 97% das estacas apresentaram calo. No verão e outono a mortalidade das estacas foi extremamente alta, respectivamente, 93 e 81% das estacas.

Produção de biomassa e composição química de adubos verdes cultivados no Vale do Ribeira

The contribution of green manure to soil improvement and crop production depends primarily on biomass production and its chemical composition, which vary depending on the species, region and growing season. The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition of biomass produced by green manures in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. In order to develop this research, was carried an experiment in Pariquera-Acu, in 2006/2007, in completely randomized blocks design with four treatments (three green manure and spontaneous vegetation) and five replications. At 30, 60, 90 and 120 after sowing samples were collected in 1m(2) of the shoots and determined fresh and dry, and chemical composition biomass. Sunhemp, pigeon pea and mucuna produced, in decreasing order, the largest quantities of biomass and were more efficient than the spontaneous vegetation. The biomass produced by green manure had higher quality than that produced by spontaneous vegetation. Sunhemp and pigeon pea have a higher proportion of dry matter in stems which have low N, high C/N and L/N ratio, variables indicating slow decomposition of residues. The analysis of dry matter partitioned to better indication of the chemical composition of the residues and the prevision of the availability of nutrients in the soil.

Screening of Polyalthia longifolia and Aloe vera for their phytoextractability of heavy metals in tropical soil of the Niger Delta

The work focuses on the screening of Polyalthia longifolia and Aloe vera for their phytoextractability of heavy metal in soil of the Niger Delta. 5kg of soil was polluted with 100 mg of Zn, Fe and Pb each replicated 9 times. Each set was separated into 3 subgroups. The subgroups were phytoextracted with Polyalthia longifolia and Aloe vera alongside a control (no phytoextraction) respectively. After 12 weeks, the concentration of Lead, Iron and Zinc in soils, roots and shoots was determined. Results showed that the two plants have phytoextraction ability with reductions in Zn, Fe, and Pb in the phytoextraction soil . Metal transfer factor was PB: Aloe vera (0.881) > P. longifolia (0.315); Zn: P. longifolia (0.614) > Aloe vera (0.606); Fe: Aloe vera (0.812) > P. longifolia (0.774). Translocation factors for the two plants were in the order: Zn: P. longifolia (0.79) > Aloe vera (0.36); Fe: P. longifolia (0.63) > Aloe vera (0.05); Pb: P. longifolia (0.57) > Aloe vera (0.23). Since the translocation factors were < 1, the plants can be classified as non- hyperaccumulators for these metals.

Orthopaedic anaesthesia for upper extremity procedures in a Nigerian hospital

Background General anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia have been used successfully for upper extremity orthopaedic procedures. Despite the advantages of regional anaesthesia, there is low utilisation in Nigeria. In this study, we assessed the types of anaesthesia employed for upper extremity surgeries in our centre. Methods After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, all the patients who had upper extremity surgeries from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2012 were included in this review. Both prospective and retrospective data were gathered. The choice of anaesthesia was at the discretion of the attending anaesthetist. Results A total of 226 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1 and median age of 35.0 (range 2 – 89) years, had orthopaedic upper extremity procedures during the study period. Sixty-three cases (27.9%) had general anaesthesia, 5 (2.2%) combined regional and general anaesthesia while 158 (69.9%) had regional blocks. The regional blocks comprised 145 (89%) different approaches to the brachial plexus and 18 (11%) local anaesthetic infiltrations. The arm was the site mostly operated upon; while supraclavicular and axillary brachial plexus blocks were performed in equal amounts. In 14 (6.2%) patients, brachial plexus blocks were performed with spinal anaesthesia because of concomitant iliac crest bone grafts. While the duration of surgery did not differ significantly, regional anaesthesia provided a significantly longer duration of anaesthesia than general anaesthesia (251 ± 70.8 min versus 141.3 ± 65.5 min; p = 0.0000001). Conclusion There is a high use of regional anaesthesia for upper extremity orthopaedic surgeries in our centre, which is a positive development in a resource limited setting.

Prevalence of surgical wound infection after surgery for breast cancer: systematic review

One of the known risk factors for abuse and neglect of the elderly is the decrease in functionat capacity, contributíng to self care dependency of instrumental actívities of daily living and basic activities of daily Itving (OMS, 2015). Methods: Cross-sectional study with non probabilistíc sample of 333 elderly, performed in a hospital, homes and day centers for the elderly. The data collectíon protocol tncluded socio-demographic data, Questíons to elicit Elder Abuse (Carney, Kahan B Paris, 2003 adap. By Ferreira Alves & Sousa, 2005), scale of instrumental actívi - ties of daily living Lawton and Brody and Katz index to assess the levei of independence in actívities of daily living. Objectives: To evaluate the assodation between abuse and neglect in the elderly, instrumental actívitíes of daily living and levei of independence in actívitíes of daily living. Results: Emotional abuse is signifícantty correlated with the levei of independence in activities of daity Uving (p = 0. 000), older peopie with less independence tend to have higher leveis of emotional abuse. The total abuse is signtficantly correlated with the leveis of independence in activittes of daily living (p = 0. 002), less independent elderty tend to suffer greater abuse and neglect. There were no statistically significant associations between abuse and neglect and instrumental activities of daily l1v1ng. Conclusions: The less independent elderly are more vulnerable to situatíons of abuse and neglect, being more exposed to emotional abuse. These results point to the need for health professionals/ nurses develop prevention interventions, including strategies to support carers and early screentng tn less independent elderly. Keywords: Elder abuse. Negligence. Nursing care. Frail elderly. PREVALENCE OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION AFTER SURGERY FOR BREAST CÂNCER: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW C. Amaral3, C. Teixeira"'1', F. Sousa'', C. Antãoa "Polythecnic Institute o f Bragança, Bragança, Portugal; bEPI Unit, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Portugal. Contact details: catarinaisabeln.amaraliSsmaU.com Introduction: Breast câncer is one of the most common mahgnant pathology in European countries, as Portugal, where annual inddence is around 90 new cases per 100,000 women. Breast surgery is the usual treatment for this pathology, however such procedure can be complicated by the infection of surgical site. Objectives: To know the prevalence and determtnants of surgtcal wound infection after breast surgery. Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching of the Web of Sdence electronic database for articles published over the last s1x years 1n developed countries. Over three hundred dtatíons were obtained and after excludtng citations with reasons, fíve artícles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Results: Prevalence of surgical wound infection varied across studies between 0. 1% and 12. 5%. Bilateral mastectomy is assodated with higher prevalence of wound infectíon than unilateral mastectomy (3. 6% vs 3, 3%), lumpectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is related with higher frequency of wound infectíon than surgery with no IBR (0, 5% vs 0, 1%), also, mastectomy with IBR is associated with higher prevalence of wound infectíon than mastectomy wtth no IBR (1, 5% vs 0, 3%) and breast surgery followed by axiltary lymph nade dissectíon is related with higher prevalence of wound infection than surgical procedures wtth no axillary lymph node dissection (2, 82% vs 1, 66%). Conclusions: Nurses that provide post-operatíve care to women after breast surgery should be aware about risk of wound tnfectíon, partícularly after more invasive procedures.

EFFECT OF BAP, NAA AND GA3, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION, ON MERISTEM CULTURE AND PLANTLET ESTABLISHMENT IN SWEET POTATO (CV BRONDAL)

In Zimbabwe, the average sweet potato yield (6 t/ha) is relatively low when compared to Asian counterparts (17 t/ha). These low crop yields have been blamed on weevil infestations and viral infections which account for 60-90% of sweet potato yield losses in Africa. Meristem tip culture, a Centre for Potato Improvement (CIP) initiated tissue culture technique, has been widely used to eradicate viruses from clonally propagated crops and has been noted to be one of the instrumental techniques that helped China to increase sweet potato yields. In an effort to adopt the meristem tip culture technique for the production of virus-free planting material of a local sweet potato (cv Brondal), a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Benzylamino purine (BAP), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3) (either alone or in combination) on cultured Brondal meristems. The different hormonal treatments were assessed on the following parameters: plantlet regenerative capacity, multiple plantlet production, shoot height, average leaf number per shoot and average node number per shoot, ten weeks after meristem culture. All treatments containing a combination of BAP (1 mg-L) and GA3 (at either 5 mg-L, 10 mg-L, or 20 mg-L) had a significantly (p<0.01) higher plantlet regenerative capacity of 33-66% when compared to other treatment combinations. Only treatments, 10 mg-L GA3 + 1 mg-L BAP and 20 mg-L GA3 + 1 mg-L BAP were capable of inducing multiple plantlet formation, producing an average of three plantlets/meristem and two plantlets/meristem respectively. Overall, treatment 10 mg-L GA3 + 1 mg-L BAP gave rise to significantly (p<0.01) taller shoots (20 mm) compared to the rest of the treatments used. For average leaf number per shoot, all GA3 treatments (5 mg-L, 10 mg-L, or 20 mg-L) supplemented with 1 mg-L BAP gave significantly (p<0.01) higher numbers of leaves (six leaves/shoot) than the rest of the treatments. Treatments 10 mg-L GA3 + 1 mg-L BAP and 20 mg-L GA3 + 1 mg-L BAP gave rise to the highest number of nodes per shoot, producing an average of three nodes per shoot. In sharp contrast to treatments containing a combination of BAP and GA3, all treatments containing a combination of BAP and NAA performed poorly in all parameters tested for plant regeneration of Brondal sweet potato variety. In conclusion, the best hormonal treatment for culturing Brondal meristems proved to be 10 mg-L GA3 + 1 mg-L BAP.

Nego veio é um sofrer : uma etnografia da subalternidade e do subalterno numa irmandade do Rosário

The object of this work is a fellowship of São Sebastião e Nossa Senhora do Rosário in the city of Jardim do Seridó (RN), that is, a black catholic fellowship on the sertão potiguar. The devotion to Nossa Senhora do Rosário, in colonial Brazil, organizes itself through black catholic men as fellowships. They blossomed in Brazil until the abolition, getting support from the Catholic church, from owners of slaves and from the population in general − unlike others afro-Brazilian religious expression. Today, these fellowships remain active, against the sentimental pessimism of the folklore studies, and they also have a highlight position in the calendar of many cities in Brazil, and in particular in Seridó. The research s foothold is the apparent valorization of the fellowship by the local elite, attitude that hides asymmetric relationships between the group of negros do Rosário and the local authorities, having as its consequence that the members occupy a subaltern position inside their own fellowship. This subalternity take place, mainly, in the public area, where the negros do Rosário cannot represent themselves neither political nor discursively. To discuss this idea, it s done a brief historical of these catholic institutions as well as a description of the relationship between the negros do Rosário and the elites of the city. Then, the phenomenon is analyzed as folklore and/or religion , under the perspective of many agents that participate in this process. In other moment, it is going to be presented how the group formulates their own representation of the history, of the devotional forms and of their own political-religious experiences. In this sense, an ethnography of the subalternity is understood as an analysis of the process that leads the negros do Rosário to become a subaltern group. It s also outlined the perception that the group has of its own position, through an ethnography essay of the subaltern subject. The research, focused in the group of Rosário, was done between August 2010 and January 2012 and includes other agents (like treasurers, priests and intellectuals). Besides that, as a methodological complement, there are documental research, photography, as well as shoots of the party days and public presentation

Effects of high CO2 and light quality on the growth of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Mineral stress response of Vitis cell wall transcriptome: identification, characterization and expression of genes from key families involved in wall biosynthesis and modification

Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL