Análise de ciclo avançado com seqüestro de carbono

The energy is considered one of the most important elements in the human´s life providing the survival as well as the well being. Nowadays, the technologies destined to generate power burn fossil fuels which pour gases (carbon dioxide among them) that contribute to the global warming phenomenon. Several research groups and universities have been studying different methods for generating power with low carbon dioxide emissions, including the possibility of burning zero-carbon fuels. In this text, it has been put attention to the Advanced Zero Emission Power Plants (AZEP) which separate the CO2 (from the gases involved in the power generation), compress it, dehydrate it and store it in appropriate reservoirs. The goal of this study was to find a possible solution to produce CO from CO2, activated by solar energy; the reaction between CO and steam generates a syngas comprised of H2 and CO2, which can be separated by chemical and/or physical processes. The text also contains a study concerning the compressed air energy storage power plant (CAES) and come up with its modification to C[CO2]ES. This power plant stores CO2 directing it to a reverse combustion process to produce CO which is headed to a syngas reactor to produce CO2 and H2. Hydrogen is separated and carried to the thermal cycle to generate power with low carbon emissions

Levantamento bibliográfico sobre o método SODIS de desinformação solar da água

Frente ao desafio de prover água de melhor qualidade para o uso humano a um custo acessível e de simples execução, muitos métodos tem sido desenvolvidos e estudados. Uma metodologia que tem se destacado atualmente, é o método SODIS, sigla em inglês que significa, desinfecção da água por meio da luz solar. Essa metodologia tem como princípio a inativação de uma variada gama de microrganismos patogênicos a partir da ação dos raios solares. Essa metodologia consiste em submeter garrafas de água a um banho de luz solar por algumas horas. Para a realização do método SODIS pode-se utilizar garrafas PET (politereftalato de etileno), sendo que sua execução é simples e rápida além de possuir mínimos riscos envolvidos. A fim de comprovar a eficácia desse método, muitos estudos tem investigado os mecanismos e fatores importantes envolvidos no processo de inativação. Da compreensão desses mecanismos e fatores críticos, preconizou-se ações que visam garantir e maximizar a eficiência do método em variadas situações e condições climáticas sem que o método se torne complexo ou oneroso. O método SODIS se mostrou eficaz na inativação de várias espécies de fungos, vírus, bactérias e até protozoários. Estudos de campo revelaram a sua eficácia prática, ocasionando uma diminuição expressiva nas ocorrências referentes a quadros de diarréia e diarréia severa nas populações estudadas

Satélites estabilizados por rotação e torque de radiação solar direta

The aims of this work are to analyze the direct solar radiation pressure torque (TPRS) in the rotational motion of spin-stabilized artificial satellites, to numerically implement these solutions and to compare the results with real data of the Brazilian Satellite Data Collection – SCD1 and SCD2, supplied by INPE. The mathematical model for this torque is determined for a cylindrical satellite, and the components of this torque are determined in a fixed system in the satellite. An analytical solution for the spin motion equations is proposed, in which TPRSD does not affect the spin velocity of the satellite. Two approaches are adopted in the numerical implementation of the developed theory: the first one considers the proposed theory and the second introduces a variation in the spin velocity based on its real variation. The results obtained indicate that the solar radiation pressure torque has little influence in the right ascension and declination axis of rotation due to the small dimension of the satellite and altitude in which it is found. To better validate the application of the presented theory, the angular deviation of the spin axis and solar aspect angle were also analyzed. The comparison of the results of the approaches conducted with real data show good precision in the theory, which can be applied in the prediction of the rotational motion of the spin-stabilized artificial satellites, when others external torques are considered besides the direct solar radiation pressure torque

Concepção e simulação de uma chaminé solar

The present work intends to study some fluid dynamic and heat transfer aspects of a solar chimney, aiming at a preliminary design of a facility. Some definitions and concepts of this system are presented. The simulation was performed based on a theoretical model validated with measurements of a prototype in Manzanares, Spain. Using the same theoretical model and some considerations, dimensions on a small scale are applied, making the model more interesting from its constructive aspect. The results show the behavior of the air velocity inside the chimney and illustrate some values of two preselected turbines. This technology looks promising in Brazilian territory due to high levels of solar radiation

Estimativa da Radiação Solar em Presidente Prudente – SP nos anos de 1999-2007

The wide territorial extension of Brazil derails the installation and maintenance of instruments for measuring solar radiation, which makes necessary the development and application of models that are able to estimate reliable and sufficient data for many different activities that use such data. And these, in most cases, are estimated from the Ångström equation. Based on this model, this project aimed to estimate the global solar radiation at Presidente Prudente-SP, Brazil, using daily data from 1999 to 2007. The solar radiation data have been extracted from the paper tapes of actinograph bi-metallic (Robitsch) daily records at the meteorological station in the Faculty of Science and Technology, UNESP. These tapes were scanned, resulting in digital images with x and y coordinates pairs (x = time; y = solar radiation, cal/min.cm²). The daily global solar radiation is the area under the curve of the image. This value has been calculated by computer algorithms. After the acquisition and calculation of the values needed to develop the Ångström equation have been determined the constants a and b, using linear regression between the values of Rg/R0 (solar radiation/solar radiation on a horizontal surface at the top of atmosphere), as ordered, and n/N (number of hours of sunshine/day length in hours) as abscissa. The slope of the line will be the constant b and the linear coefficient, the constant a. The estimated results were compared to the observed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, realizing that the models can be accepted. So, the equation to aim the solar global radiation is: Rg = R0 (0,2662+0,3592 n/N)

Avaliação da viabilidade econômica do uso de um aquecedor solar de água de garrafas pet para aquecer o ar de uma cabine de pintura e uma estufa de secagem

Nowadays, the biggest part of the world's energy supply comes from fossil fuels and nuclear. However, the current need of the society for the preservation of the environment and wise use of natural resources, has favored the search for alternative energy sources and improvement of energy efficiency. In this new scenario, companies are beginning to mobilize in order to adapt its facilities to renewable energy. Solar, with its immense potential, not really exploited yet, can be very useful for companies that want to beat their sustainability goals. Given these facts, the aim is to evaluate the economic viability of introducing a solar water heater which uses a colorless PET bottle as one of its components in a plant. The hot water generated will heat the air of a paint booth and a warm house, reducing energy consumption, since they are heated by electric heaters

Comparando a eficácia da manta térmica com método de aquecimento passivo na prevenção de hipotermia

Hypothermia is a common phenomenon in the perioperative period, and it affects 60 to 90% of patients submitted to anesthetic-surgical procedures. In order to minimize its incidence, warming methods are used. Such methods can be passive, such as orthopedic cotton, sheets and blankets, or active, such as warm-air blankets and thermal mattresses. In this scenario, the present study aimed at comparing two warming methods used in the intraoperative period. Patients submitted to abdominal surgery in the specialties of gynecology and gastric surgery from August to September 2010 were included in the study. After randomization, they were divided into two groups: one using a thermal blanket (group I) and one using orthopedic cotton (group II). At last, 9 patients were included. The variables for each question were considered according to occurrence frequency. Comparison between groups was performed by Student’s t test. With the purpose to analyze whether there was an association, the chi-square test or Fisher’s Exact test was used. Whenever it was applicable for multiple comparisons, Tukey’s test was utilized; p values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant for analysis. The sample comprised 6 males and 3 females submitted to gynecological and gastric surgeries. Their mean age was 48 years for group I and 46.2 years for group II. A predominance of general anesthesia was observed. The time of permanence in the operating room ranged from 80 to 360 minutes. With regard to warming parenteral solutions, the procedure was performed on 5 patients, and infusion of warm solution into the abdominal cavity was performed on 50% of the sample. Concerning the warming method used, 5 patients used a thermal blanket. In view of the results presented, it was not possible to conclude which warming method should be used due to sample size

Cálculo do tempo de permanência de um cilindro de laminação em um equipamento de aquecimento por indução durante um processo de têmpera

Induction heating is a process closely linked to the concepts of heat transfer. It also covers electromagnetic induction and effect of film. Many companies use this technology in their processes due to the high accuracy that can be obtained at temperatures induced. However the dominance of this technology is not common among Brazilian industries. This involves complex systems of equation and heat exchange in transient conduction, and convection and radiation losses. With this work we seek the ability to analyze which parameters influence over this process and the order of magnitude of time required for heating a cylindrical part

Plano de iluminação externa da UNESP Campus Itapeva com base em LED e energia solar

This work presents the development of the External Lighting Plan UNESP in the Itapeva Campus based LED and Solar Energy. Firstly it was made a collection of data from measurements of the local transit through the Google Earth 6 software and divide the local in sectors, and then perform an analysis of characteristics and age of the site. With these data it was possible to determine the average luminance the place, in30 lux. After these procedures was possible to determine the type of sets that would perform the role of bridge lighting the kit chosen was the 20/20 Sun LED manufacturer, since it contains the luminaire with the solar panel to the pole. Therefore we determined the number of poles for each sector, whichwas72in total and. After the determination of the location of each point lighting

Geração de energia elétrica a partir da concentração solar

The current world's need for clean and renewable energy sources aligned with the strong Brazilian growth looking to diversify its electric power generation sources, highly dependent on hydropower and petroleum encourages the implementation of technologies that reach this growth with diversity and cleaning. The sun energy source is considered inexhaustible and can meet the demand for energy through thermo solar plants to generate electricity. Several technologies are being studied and developed in the world and they can be used to generate electricity from the solar concentration, but in Brazil its use is still not found commercially. It is therefore essential to understand these technologies and develop knowledge about them so they can be implemented in Brazil. This work brings an overview of the thermo solar generation in Brazil, showing the different technologies and a thermodynamic simulation of one of such technologies considering a hybrid plant with complementary generation biomass, aiming at the generation of 1 MW in the Brazilian Northeast

A energia solar fotovoltaica e seu mercado no Brasil

A energia solar fotovoltaica tem se destacado como uma opção de fonte energética limpa e muito confiável. No entanto, é a Europa que detém a maior representatividade fotovoltaica no mercado mundial, indo contra o senso comum de que seriam os países pertencentes ao Cinturão do Sol aqueles com a maior capacidade instalada. Apesar das condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da fonte, o Brasil possui um mercado muito deficitário, contando apenas com poucos projetos de incentivo para levar eletricidade para comunidades carentes afastadas dos centros de geração ou das redes de distribuição. O país carece de programas exclusivos para a energia solar fotovoltaica que proporcionem incentivos ao mercado, a fim de impulsionar a indústria local e estimular o investimento no longo prazo para a maior diversificação da matriz energética brasileira. Assim, o presente estudo buscou ilustrar e analisar o cenário do mercado brasileiro atual da energia solar fotovoltaica, apresentando seus saldos comerciais com os quatro principais mercados mundiais para a fonte: Europa, EUA, Japão e China, segundo os dados disponibilizados pelo banco de dados Aliceweb para os itens 8541401, 8541402 e 8541403, classificados segundo a NCM

Mudanças climáticas: o discurso da mídia sobre o aquecimento global

This research is aimed at discussing the ways in which social agents influence global warming, analyzing the discourse of social actors involved in the debate on climate change, since there is a wide divergence in the scientific community about how man is able to modify the climate on a global scale. In fact the debate that permeates the issues beyond the limits of science and enter into a political-economic framework that takes extraordinary proportions. This emphasis can be very unscientific in the fundamental design concepts, or even creating a trivialization of the media. The main way to convey these concepts is to disclose them in the media, but the media has enormous power to transform the concepts and often manipulate the news by creating a common sense goes against the interests of the scientific community. Thus was conducted extensive research in major newspapers and magazines that move in the country. We surveyed the first two papers which were: “Folha de S. Paulo” and “O Estado de S. Paulo”, during the period from January 2000 to December 2008, totaling 3285 units for the newspaper Folha and 2555 for the newspaper Estadão. Subsequently a survey was made of data published in two journals that move at the national level, and these are the magazines VEJA and ÉPOCA for the same period. By performing these steps, it was concluded that several factors involving the media and climate change, such as topic relevance, types of approaches, perspectives of analysis, the staff development, supplies, among other factors of utmost importance for building news. As a result we can say that the media in fulfilling its role of mediator scientific, disclosing only a vision that permeates the scientific debate. The newspaper media, especially newspapers, has an informative and instantaneous. Often this preoccupation...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Influência do aquecimento nas interações entre detritívoros e decompositores aquáticos e no funcionamento do ecossistema bromelícola

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação reológica do óleo de abacate (Persea americana mill) e estudo da estabilidade sob condições de aquecimento e armazenamento à temperatura ambiente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise dos parâmetros técnicos e econômicos do aquecedor solar a vácuo, visando economia de energia

This work is about a development of a vacuum solar water heater. To accomplish this, some measurements were made, such as flow, water temperature and room temperature, relative humidity, solar power density and wind speed. It first presents a brief explanation about the global situation in relation to the accelerated use of exhaustible energy sources which can result in a breakdown of these for future generations. From this, is proposed to analyze this solar water heater with vacuum tubes during the winter season in Brazil southeastern region, under different environmental conditions. From such ideas became possible to prove through the experimental part, calculations and graphical results that technology and the performance of this device are technical and economically viable, according to the life cycle of this. It was also found that the average monthly production in a maximum heat stroke situation was 193,33kWh and minimum isolation was 57,76kWh. This reveals that this instrument should start to be examined more closely by all, as a way to reduce the use of electricity, which will protect the environment without reducing the comfort of people