Critical behavior of multifragmentation in finite nuclei and extraction of critical exponents

Using a phenomenological asymmetric nuclear equation of state, we obtained pressure-density isotherms of the finite nucleus Sn-112 simulated in r-space and in p-space and constructed the nuclear fragments by using the coalescence model. After correlatively analysing the fragments, the signal of critical behavior has been found and critical exponents were also extracted.

水土保持是生态环境建设的主体

论述了水土保持与生态环境的关系 ,分析了水土流失对生态环境造成的严重影响和由此造成的经济损失 ,搞好水土保持不但可以改善生态环境 ,而且提高了人民的生活水平

延安地区农业面临的问题与增产技术研究

:1 999年 8月朱总理为了落实江总书记“再造一个山川秀美的西北地区”和“把黄河的事情办好”的重要指示 ,视察黄土高原地区农业建设 ,从根治黄土高原的大局出发 ,强调采取“退耕还林 (草 ) ,封山绿化 ,个体承包 ,以粮代赈”的措施 ,动员广大人民群众 ,大搞植树种草 ,改善生态环境 ,为根治黄河奠基。面对总理的指示精神 ,退耕还林还草之后的农业如何发展 ?在人均 0 .0 7～ 0 .1 3hm2基本农田结构如何调整 ?农林牧关系如何协调 ?带着这些问题 ,我们通过在延安 70个农户中进行调查 ,指出了农业发展中存在的主要问题和面临的挑战 ,总结出效果明显的农业技术 ,供决策部门参考

黄土高原地区可持续发展指标体系与评价方法设计

黄土高原地区在我国经济发展总体布局中居于承东启西、协调东西关系的重要战略地位 ,实现其可持续发展对于西部大开发具有较强的示范和带动作用。在全面分析黄土高原可持续发展态势的基础上 ,对本区可持续发展指标体系的结构框架和可持续发展评价方法进行了初步研究 ,设计出了包括高级综合指标、基本指标和元素指标 3个类型的层次性可持续发展指标体系结构框架、熵技术支持下确定可持续发展指标权重的层次分析法以及用于黄土高原地区可持续发展全面综合评价的集成评价模型 ,为规范和引导该区的可持续发展进程提供了科学依据

黄土高原森林植被水土保持机理研究

土壤侵蚀是造成环境退化的一个主要因素。长期以来因不合理的利用自然资源 ,日积月累的结果使得植被生存的环境受到极大的破坏 ,导致植被衰退 ,引发了严重的水土流失 ;水土流失的不断加剧 ,破坏了土地的生产力 ,土壤肥力降低 ,土壤蓄水能力减弱 ,植被生存的环境进一步恶化 ,如此以往使生态环境陷入恶性循环状态。黄土高原严重的水土流失与该区植被覆被率低有密切的关系。据“七五”统计 ,主要水土流失区现有森林面积约 2 5× 1 0 6ｈｍ2 ,其中人工林占 40 %左右 ,有林地森林覆盖率仅为 9 3% ,而且能发挥水土保持功能的森林覆被率仅为 7 0 % ,这些覆被率高的地区 ,地处六盘山、乔山、黄龙山等地 ,该区域人口密度较低 ,人为活动轻微 ,水土流失小 ;在黄土高原水土流失严重的地区 ,森林覆被率更低 ,仅 5 9% ,即使发挥水土保持功能 ,在宏观范围内仍然难以体现出保持水土的效益 (中共陕西省委研究室等 ,1 999;吴钦孝等 ,1 998)。森林植被有强大的水土保持功能 ,体现在下列几个方面 :植被冠层及地被物的截留作用 ,使大气降水的损失量较大 ,减小了产生径流的净雨量 ;地被物层对汇流的延长作用 ...

U3D文件格式及运行机制剖析

通用三维文件格式(U3D)是一种可扩展的三维数据文件格式,其目的是为了使下游的3DCAD数据重用和可视化。它主要嵌入到其它文件格式中来显示三维数据,因此在许多主流的应用程序中极为有用。详细分析了这种文件格式及其运行机制,并通过一个写U3D文件的编程实例来进一步说明文件的构造方式。最后,还探讨了这种文件格式的优点及其应用。

Studies on the stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids from the genus Aconitum L. by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MSn)

The stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) from plants of the genus Aconitum L. has been studied in different solvents and pH buffers. The HPLC/ESIMS method for analysing the concentration of DDA was established and DDA's decomposition products were elucidated by HPLC/ESI-MS/MSn. In different solvents, e.g. dichloromethane, ether, methanol and distilled water, the decomposition pathways of DDA are quite different and their difference in stabilities depends on the difference of their structures, in which substituents at the N atom and substituents at C-3 are different. The pyrolytic products of DDA, such as deacetoxy aconitine-type alkaloids, have been observed in the above solvents, whereas 8-methoxy-14-benzoyl aconitine-type alkaloids have been obtained only in methanol.

Carboxyl-cored dendrimer and toluene-assisted fabrication of uniform platinum nanodendrites at a water/oil interface and their potential application as a catalyst

Uniform platinum nanodendrites have been prepared at a water/oil interface by a facile catalyst-free method at room temperature. This is carried out by introducing NaBH4 into the platinum precursor solution in the presence of the second generation of carboxyl-cored dendrimer ([G-2]-CO2H dendrimer) and toluene to act as a protective agent and a linker, respectively. The average fractal dimension of 1.61 of the obtained platinum nanodendrites is calculated by analysing the transmission electron micrographs using the programs Fractal Dimension Version 1.1 and Fractal Dimension Calculator. Control experiments show that the fabrication of platinum nanodendrites can be operated with a wide parameter window, which undoubtedly raises the degree of control of the synthesis process. The potential application of such a nanostructure as a catalyst is investigated, and the results reveal that they show highly efficient catalytic properties for the typical redox reaction between hexacyanoferrate (III) and thiosulfate ions at 301 K.

Diffusion and single molecule dynamics on biomolecular interface binding energy landscape

We propose a new approach to study the diffusion dynamics on biomolecular interface binding energy landscape. The resulting mean first passage time (MFPT) has 'U'curve dependence on the temperature. It is shown that the large specificity ratio of gap to roughness of the underlying binding energy landscape not only guarantees the thermodynamic stability and the specificity [P.A. Rejto, G.M. Verkhivker, in: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93 (1996) 8945; C.J. Tsai, S. Kumar, B. Ma, R. Nussinov, Protein Sci. 8 (1999) 1181; G.A. Papoian, P.G. Wolynes, Biopolymers 68 (2003) 333; J. Wang, G.M. Verkhivker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 198101] but also the kinetic accessibility. The complex kinetics and the associated fluctuations reflecting the structures of the binding energy landscape emerge upon temperature changes. The theory suggests a way of connecting the models/simulations with single molecule experiments by analysing the kinetic trajectories.

Electrochemical identification of intermediate forms of urea denaturation of horse heart cytochrome c

The electrochemical identification of the urea denaturation of horse heart cytochrome c in bulk solution at the 4,4'-dithiodipyridine-modified gold electrode is reported. The results are similar to the three-step transitions of equilibrium studies (Myer et al., Biochemistry, 19 (1980) 199) of urea denaturation of cytochrome c in bulk solution. This method permits a clear resolution of which of the three steps of urea denaturation is electrochemically related. In addition, by analysing the effects of urea on the structural forms of cytochrome c and on the solution properties, as well as the cyclic voltammetric responses of the protein, the individual forms of the urea denaturation of cytochrome c can be understood. The results reflect the superposition of protein denaturation on the electrode surface and in solution.

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Analysing the coordination state of copper ions in cuprate superconductors, it is found that the larger the energy splitting between d(x2-y2) and d(z2) orbitals of Cu or the higher the energy of the d(x2-y2) orbital, the higher the Tc. Thus, appropriate coordination structures and strong-field ligands must be chosen for expanding the energy splitting and increasing the energy of the d(x2-y2) orbital when searching for new high-Tc superconductors. Summarizing the experimental results of ESR and XPS, it is considered that the [Cu2+ - O open-square-box 2- - Cu3+] resonance exists in cuprate superconductors and the electron field breathing mode is present. Analysing the mechanism and the relationship between the coordination state of Cu and Tc, we consider that the two dimensional Cu-O planes are responsible for the superconductivity of YBa2Cu3O7-y.

Dynamics of the buoyant plume off the Pearl River Estuary in summer

Field measurements of salinity, wind and river discharge and numerical simulations of hydrodynamics from 1978 to 1984 are used to investigate the dynamics of the buoyant plume off the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China during summer. The studies have shown that there are four major horizontal buoyant plume types in summer: Offshore Bulge Spreading (Type I), West Alongshore Spreading (Type II), East Offshore Spreading (Type III), and Symmetrical Alongshore Spreading (Type IV). River mouth conditions, winds and ambient coastal currents have inter-influences to the transport processes of the buoyant plume. It is found that all of the four types are surface-advected plumes by analysing the vertical characteristic of the plumes, and the monthly variations of the river discharge affect the plume size dominantly. The correlation coefficient between the PRE plume size and the river discharge reaches 0.85 during the high river discharge season. A wind strength index has been introduced to examine the wind effect. It is confirmed that winds play a significant role in forming the plume morphology. The alongshore wind stress and the coastal currents determine the alongshore plume spreading. The impact of the ambient currents such as Dongsha Current and South China Sea (SCS) Warm Current on the plume off the shelf has also assessed. The present study has demonstrated that both the river discharge and wind conditions affect the plume evolution.

Study on corrosion simulation device for marine structural steel

A corrosion simulation device was studied using offshore long scale hanging specimens. An Ni-Cu-P steel specimen was studied by analysing its corrosion products and corrosion types. The appearance of the samples and the surface of the metallic substrate after the removal of the rust layer produced by these two methods were observed and compared after 470 days of exposure. The phase structure of the corrosion products under different marine environments were analysed and compared. It further indicated good correlation between the electrically connected hanging specimen method and the long scale hanging specimen method.

AGVS系统技术应用

本文在分析装配型ＡＧＶＳ系统和运输型ＡＧＶＳ系统的基础上，详细说明ＡＧＶＳ主要技术指标，性能特点和应用原则。同时，结合分析自动导引车的发展历史，说明自动导引车系统的应用领域，分析推测自动导引车的发展前景。

基于KQML语言的合同网协议模型及实现

本文首先分析了基于 KQML会话的 Multi- Agent系统 ( MAS)构成及其特点 ,然后提出了基于 CORBA、KQML的合同网协议 ( CNP)系统模型及 Agent通信模型 ,并针对此合同网模型 ,结合调度系统实例分析了其中 KQML语言的形式化表达方式