1000 resultados para ZnO crystal


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The overall goal of this study was to develop a new fishery resource product through open-water aquaculture for the west coast of Florida that would compete as a non-traditional product through market development. Specific objectives were as follows: I. To grow a minimum of 50, 000 juvenile scallops to a minimum market size of40 mm in a cage and float system in the off-shore waters of Crystal River, Florida. 2. To determine the growth rate, survival, and time to market size for the individuals in this system and area to other similar projects like Virginia. 3. To introduce local fishermen and the aquaculture students at Crystal River High School to the hatchery, nursery, and grow-out techniques. 4. To determine the economic and financial characteristics of bay scallop culture in Florida and assess the sensitivity of projected costs and earnings to changes in key technical, managerial, and market related parameters. 5. To determine the market acceptability and necessary marketing strategy for whole bay scallop product in Florida. (PDF has 99 pages)

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La tesis se ha centrado en la síntesis y caracterización estructural de materiales tipo perovskita: SrLnMRuO6 (Ln=La,Pr,Nd; M=Zn,Co,Mg,Ni,Fe) y ALn2CuTi2O9 (A=Ca,Ba; Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm). El estudio de las estructuras de los materiales se ha realizado mediante el análisis de los patrones de difracción en polvo de rayos-X, sincrotrón y/o neutrones. En el refinamiento por el método de Rietveld de las estructuras se han sustituido las coordenadas atómicas (el método más común), por coordenadas colectivas: las amplitudes de los modos que describen la distorsión de la fase prototipo. Los resultados generales para la serie SrLnMRuO6 (Ln=La,Pr,Nd; M=Zn,Co,Mg,Ni) a temperatura ambiente se ha recogido en un diagrama en el que se han indicado las amplitudes de los modos que transforman de acuerdo a las irreps en función del factor de tolerancia, ya que todos ellos cristalizan en la misma fase monoclínica (P21/n); y a temperaturas altas se ha construido un diagrama de fase. Los materiales SrLnFeRuO6 ( Ln=La,Pr,Nd) y CaLn2CuTi2O9 cristalizan en la fase ortorrómbica Pbnm a temperatura ambiente; mientras que BaLn2CuTi2O9 tienen una estructura más simétrica, I4/mcm. A altas temperaturas se han identificado las transiciones de fase inducidas por el cambio de temperatura.A temperaturas bajas se han analizado las estructuras magnéticas de algunos de los compuestos mediante difracción de neutrones.

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The overall goal of this study was to develop a new fishery resource product through open-water aquaculture for the west coast of Florida that would compete as a non-traditional product through market development. Specific objectives were as follows: I. To grow a minimum of 50, 000 juvenile scallops to a minimum market size of40 mm in a cage and float system in the off-shore waters of Crystal River, Florida. 2. To determine the growth rate, survival, and time to market size for the individuals in this system and area to other similar projects like Virginia. 3. To introduce local fishermen and the aquaculture students at Crystal River High School to the hatchery, nursery, and grow-out techniques. 4. To determine the economic and financial characteristics of bay scallop culture in Florida and assess the sensitivity of projected costs and earnings to changes in key technical, managerial, and market related parameters. 5. To determine the market acceptability and necessary marketing strategy for whole bay scallop product in Florida. (PDF has 99 pages.)

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纳米氧化锌(ZnO)是一种直接宽带隙半导体材料,室温下其禁带隙宽为本3.37 eV,激子束缚能为60 meV。纳米ZnO有明显的尺寸效应、表面和界面效应等,物理化学性能优越。在压电材料、铁电材料、平面显示、表面声波、传感器、场发射器件、激光、光催化等方面有着广泛的用途。近年来,对纳米ZnO材料的研究成为国内外的一个热点。 本论文研究了用化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备微/纳米ZnO材料。通过控制实验条件,合成了多种特殊结构和形貌的微/纳米ZnO材料,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(HR-TEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、Raman光谱和光致发光(PL)等对材料的结构和光学性能进行了表征。采用CVD法,在温度为630 °C,氧气流量为15 sccm,氩气流量为300 sccm的条件下,制备了一种纳米带冠四足状ZnO(T-ZnO)。此结构ZnO材料的每根足顶端均有一规则的六方帽形结构,具有很大的比表面积。实验结果表明:合成的ZnO材料为纤维锌矿结构单晶,并且沿着(0001)方向生长;室温下的PL谱有两个激发峰,一个是在393 nm处相对较弱的近带紫外峰,另一个是在511 nm处强峰。而材料在600 °C下氧气中退火30 min后,511 nm附近的绿光激发辐射峰则基本消失了,这说明在511 nm处的绿光激发辐射峰可能是由于氧空位引起的。此外,通过改变实验条件,还得到了其他多种结构的微/纳米ZnO材料。 通过大量实验,找到了一种在低温下合成微/纳米ZnO材料的新方法,即水蒸气氧化法。用ZnI2作为锌源,水蒸气作为氧化剂,实验温度在300~500 °C范围内,大大低于通常CVD法的500~1500 °C。采用此法,用硅做基底,得到了一系列有趣的实验结果,大多数情况下ZnO纳米晶自组装成很规则的圆。而在瓷舟中收集到的纳米ZnO跟普通CVD法结果相似,可以得到锥状、棒状等结构的纳米晶,但其生长方式与硅基底上的有很大差别。此外,用水蒸气氧化法,还实现了ZnO纳米晶在碳纳米管(CNTs)上的直接生长,而且其PL性能增强,这可能是纳米ZnO和CNTs相互耦合的结果。在700 °C温度下,以锌粉和ZnI2作为锌源,用水蒸气作为氧化剂,在硅基底的正反面分别得到了纳米棒和纳米推子阵列。此外,还对水蒸气氧化法的化学反应机理进行了分析,实验结果证明:固态ZnI2在受热和一定真空度下先蒸发成ZnI2分子,ZnI2分子遇到水蒸气发生反应生成偶极ZnO分子,这些ZnO偶极分子在硅基底上通过静电力自组装成特殊的几何形状。 此外,还通过分子动力学模拟的方法,对材料的力学性能进行了研究,得到了ZnO的弹性常数和体弹性模量,模拟值跟其他研究人员的实验和模拟结果吻合得很好,并估出算了ZnO晶体的表面能和断裂韧性。 本论文还对制备材料的光催化性能进行了系统的研究,采用CVD法制备ZnO,对铬黑T(EBT)进行光催化降解实验。通过正交实验方法,得到了ZnO催化降解EBT的最佳工艺条件,即催化剂用量为5 g/L,光照强度为120 W,反应温度为20 °C,反应时间为120 min,EBT浓度为10 mg/L,溶液pH值为4。 在最佳实验条件下,20分钟内有95%的EBT被降解完,30分钟内则全部降解。因此,ZnO在EBT的降解中催化效率很高,在废水处理中具有潜在的应用前景。