La memoria risorgimentale in Giustizia e Libertà (1929-1940)

The dissertation regards The memory on the Italian Risorgimento in “Justice and Freedom”(1929-1940) a theoretical core point in the history of the Movement, which so far has not been granted due attention. The work herewith presented is therefore aimed at filling a storiographical gap, analysing the historical events which continue to operate as traditions, raising feelings and passions and hence operating in politics, although as secondary factors. The point made is that the Justice and Freedom Movement, an antifascist political movement born in Paris in October 1929, bases its strength on the heroic choice of the antifascism movement to fight a Second Risorgimento, connecting the fight against the regime to the battles previously fought for the justice and the freedom, an entirely isolated event in the political opposition’s panorama. The dissertation, thus, attempts to explain how and why Justice and Freedom is so tightly interconnected in its political action to the Risorgimento tradition. The first chapter sets the cultural background of the foundation of the Justice and Freedom Movement. The centre of such foundation was Florence, where Gaetano Salvemini, along with a group of young people, would later on carry out some cultural experiences that ideally prepare the ground for the movement’s birth. In the second chapter are found the sites of the memory where the passage of the Risorgimento tradition between the generations takes place. The work therefore shifts from a public to a private level, concentrating on biographical paths. The choice made was for Nello Rosselli, a man very close to the Justice and Freedom Movement but who, as opposed to his comrades-in-arms, did not chose the political way to express his ethical choice, but rather the theoretical one, becoming a Risorgimento historian. The third chapter concentrates on the birth of the Justice and Freedom Movement in France, trying to reconstruct the cultural ties and the confrontation places and sites where the members of the Movement could interact with the French intellectual milieu, bringing back to light the propagandistic usage of the Risorgimento myth carried out by the Movement. Lastly, the fourth chapter focuses on the cultural debate on the Risorgimento, which took place on the press organs of the Movement, pointing out and periodizing the theoretical passages and the propagandistic uses of the myth as related to the stages of the Movement and the political needs.

La costruzione moderna a Bologna 1920 - 1940

Il presente lavoro di ricerca si inserisce all’interno degli ambiti di interesse del settore disciplinare dell’ICAR 10 – Architettura Tecnica, rappresentato dalla Storia della costruzione. In questo quadro, lo studio sulla Costruzione Moderna a Bologna tra il 1920 e il 1940, costituisce un tassello di una ricerca più ampia ed intesa a delineare l’importanza assunta dalla vicenda bolognese nel definire il profilo teorico ed applicativo della tecnica in cemento armato nella genesi del linguaggio architettonico che connota l’esperienza del Modernismo italiano degli anni trenta. La ricaduta più diretta della ricerca è rintracciabile nella creazione di una base informativa ipertestuale strutturata secondo diversi livelli di lettura tra loro correlati: la localizzazione, i progettisti e le imprese costruttrici, l’anno di realizzazione, la tipologia, le tecniche costruttive impiegate, la storia dell’edificio, le trasformazioni, la localizzazione della documentazione e le fonti bibliografiche, con collegamenti ipertestuali che consentono di consultare il materiale documentario. Gli esiti di tale studio hanno una duplice finalità: da un lato tale lavoro restituisce una mappatura analitica del patrimonio edilizio costruito nel ventennio analizzato, consentendo una registrazione sintetica ma puntuale delle fonti archivistiche e dei relativi apparati documentali. Un lavoro di supporto indispensabile per ogni futura ricerca intesa ad indagare le singole vicende che hanno accompagnato lo sviluppo edilizio della città di Bologna. In seconda istanza questo studio consente di porre in luce l’importanza assunta dai magisteri tecnici nel definire le scelte di ordine architettonico, ovvero di evidenziare come la conoscenza della storia materiale degli edifici induca a formulare una valutazione più appropriata e stringente sugli esiti architettonici conseguiti, superando così l’astrattezza di una interpretazione votata ai soli aspetti figurativi.

El país de Juan di María Teresa Andruetto: un “crinale inesplorato” tra sfide e conquiste

Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare il racconto dalla scrittrice argentina María Teresa Andruetto (Premio Hans Christian Andersen 2012) El país de Juan, nell’edizione pubblicata dalla casa editrice spagnola Anaya nel 2003. Nel 2014 ne è stata proposta la traduzione in italiano con il titolo Il paese di Juan, ad opera di Ilide Carmignani. La storia, che narra di due bambini costretti a migrare dalla campagna alle favelas argentine (Villas), si presenta come una vera e propria sfida traduttiva per il contrasto tra la poeticità del linguaggio e il realismo del mondo raccontato ed il forte legame con il contesto locale in cui è inserita. Lo studio consta di tre capitoli principali: nel primo si approfondiscono la vita, le opere, lo stile e la concezione della letteratura della Andruetto. Dopo aver impostato tale cornice stilistica e contestuale, si prosegue, nel secondo capitolo, con l’analisi del testo originale, dove vengono messi in luce gli aspetti formali e stilistici della scrittura, le tematiche, gli elementi grafici, le illustrazioni e il contesto storico-sociale. Si passa poi, nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo, ad un’analisi della traduzione italiana del libro rispetto alla capacità di ricreare un tipo di linguaggio altamente innovativo, la salvaguardia delle figure retoriche, degli aspetti grafici e dei riferimenti culturali, elementi di fondamentale importanza per creare una traduzione in grado di aprire gli orizzonti del giovane lettore. Inoltre, si confrontano i glossari della versioni spagnola e italiana evidenziandone differenze e affinità. Si pone infine l’accento sull’indiscutibile abilità della Carmignani nel saper mantenere la dicotomia testuale tra realismo e mistero, riferendosi anche all’importanza della collaborazione tra lo scrittore e il traduttore, legame che senza dubbio è possibile cogliere nella traduzione Il paese di Juan.

Mythologizing Greed and Betrayal in the Strait of Magellan in Juan de Miramontes' Armas Antarticas

Taking as a starting point Antonio Sanchez Jimenez's recent work on the myth of Jason in Lope de Vega's El Vellocino de Oro, this article examines the myths of Jason and Leander in Juan de Miramontes Zuazola's epic, Armas antarticas (1608-1609). After exploring the explicit allusions to the myths in the epic, I analyse an implicit reference to Leander in the portrayal of Tome Hernandez, the only survivor of the failed sixteenth-century Spanish settlements in the Strait of Magellan. As it turns out, Hernandez was rescued by the English pirate, Thomas Cavendish. In evoking the myth of Leander on the southern coast of Chile, Armas antarticas recalls Alonso de Ercilla's self-description in La Araucana (1569, 78, 89) as analysed by Ricardo Padron. However, I contend that the representation of Hernandez is best understood in comparison to Juan Boscan's Leandro (1543), the fullest and most widely disseminated Spanish version of the tale in the sixteenth century. Appealing to the Leander myth allows Armas antarticas to turn away from a focus on the role of greed in colonization. Yet shadows of Jason still lurk behind the portrayal of Hernandez, which raise other serious ethical questions for the Spanish Empire concerning piracy and loyalty as these play out in the Strait of Magellan. This essay shows that the poetic portrayal of Hernandez and Cavendish ends up exhibiting the same ambiguities associated with piracy as analysed by Daniel Heller-Roazen.

Radiocarbon analysis in an Alpine ice core: Record of anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to carbonaceous Radiocarbon analysis in an Alpine ice core: Record of anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to carbonaceous aerosols in the past (1650-1940)

Long-term concentration records of carbonaceous particles (CP) are of increasing interest in climate research due to their not yet completely understood effects on climate. Nevertheless, only poor data on their concentrations and sources before the 20th century are available. We present a first long-term record of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations – the two main fractions of CP – along with the corresponding fraction of modern carbon (fM) derived from radiocarbon (14C) analysis in ice. This allows a distinction and quantification of natural (biogenic) and anthropogenic (fossil) sources in the past. CP were extracted from an ice archive, with resulting carbon quantities in the microgram range. Analysis of 14C by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was therefore highly demanding. We analysed 33 samples of 0.4 to 1 kg ice from a 150.5 m long ice core retrieved at Fiescherhorn glacier in December 2002 (46°33'3.2" N, 08°04'0.4" E; 3900 m a.s.l.). Samples were taken from bedrock up to the firn/ice transition, covering the time period 1650–1940 and thus the transition from the pre-industrial to the industrial era. Before ~1850, OC was approaching a purely biogenic origin with a mean concentration of 24 μg kg−1 and a standard deviation of 7 μg kg−1. In 1940, OC concentration was about a factor of 3 higher than this biogenic background, almost half of it originating from anthropogenic sources, i.e. from combustion of fossil fuels. The biogenic EC concentration was nearly constant over the examined time period with 6 μg kg−1 and a standard deviation of 1 μg kg−1. In 1940, the additional anthropogenic input of atmospheric EC was about 50 μg kg−1.

PROBABILISTIC MODELING OF RAINFALL INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN SAN JUAN LA LAGUNA, SOLOLÁ, GUATEMALA

The municipality of San Juan La Laguna, Guatemala is home to approximately 5,200 people and located on the western side of the Lake Atitlán caldera. Steep slopes surround all but the eastern side of San Juan. The Lake Atitlán watershed is susceptible to many natural hazards, but most predictable are the landslides that can occur annually with each rainy season, especially during high-intensity events. Hurricane Stan hit Guatemala in October 2005; the resulting flooding and landslides devastated the Atitlán region. Locations of landslide and non-landslide points were obtained from field observations and orthophotos taken following Hurricane Stan. This study used data from multiple attributes, at every landslide and non-landslide point, and applied different multivariate analyses to optimize a model for landslides prediction during high-intensity precipitation events like Hurricane Stan. The attributes considered in this study are: geology, geomorphology, distance to faults and streams, land use, slope, aspect, curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature and topographic wetness index. The attributes were pre-evaluated for their ability to predict landslides using four different attribute evaluators, all available in the open source data mining software Weka: filtered subset, information gain, gain ratio and chi-squared. Three multivariate algorithms (decision tree J48, logistic regression and BayesNet) were optimized for landslide prediction using different attributes. The following statistical parameters were used to evaluate model accuracy: precision, recall, F measure and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The algorithm BayesNet yielded the most accurate model and was used to build a probability map of landslide initiation points. The probability map developed in this study was also compared to the results of a bivariate landslide susceptibility analysis conducted for the watershed, encompassing Lake Atitlán and San Juan. Landslides from Tropical Storm Agatha 2010 were used to independently validate this study’s multivariate model and the bivariate model. The ultimate aim of this study is to share the methodology and results with municipal contacts from the author's time as a U.S. Peace Corps volunteer, to facilitate more effective future landslide hazard planning and mitigation.