Metoprolol prevents sodium retention induced by lower body negative pressure in healthy men.

BACKGROUND: Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has been shown to induce a progressive activation of neurohormonal systems, and a renal tubular and hemodynamic response that mimics the renal adaptation observed in congestive heart failure (CHF). As beta-blockers play an important role in the management of CHF patients, the effects of metoprolol on the renal response were examined in healthy subjects during sustained LBNP. METHODS: Twenty healthy male subjects were randomized in this double blind, placebo versus metoprolol 200 mg once daily, study. After 10 days of treatment, each subject was exposed to 3 levels of LBNP (0, -10, and -20 mbar) for 1 hour, each level of LBNP being separated by 2 days. Neurohormonal profiles, systemic and renal hemodynamics, as well as renal sodium handling were measured before, during, and after LBNP. RESULTS: Blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the metoprolol group throughout the study (P < 0.01). GFR and RPF were similar in both groups at baseline, and no change in renal hemodynamic values was detected at any level of LBNP. However, a reduction in sodium excretion was observed in the placebo group at -20 mbar, whereas no change was detected in the metoprolol group. An increase in plasma renin activity was also observed at -20 mbar in the placebo group that was not observed with metoprolol. CONCLUSION: The beta-blocker metoprolol prevents the sodium retention induced by lower body negative pressure in healthy subjects despite a lower blood pressure. The prevention of sodium retention may be due to a blunting of the neurohormonal response. These effects of metoprolol on the renal response to LBNP may in part explain the beneficial effects of this agent in heart failure patients.

Femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery: a review.

Introduced in 2008, the femtosecond laser is a promising new technological advance which plays an ever increasing role in cataract surgery where it automates the three main surgical steps: corneal incision, capsulotomy and lens fragmentation. The proven advantages over manual surgery are: a better quality of incision with reduced induced astigmatism; increased reliability and reproducibility of the capsulotomy with increased stability of the implanted lens; a reduction in the use of ultrasound. Regarding refractive results or safety, however, no prospective randomized study to date has shown significant superiority compared with standard manual technique. The significant extra cost generated by this laser, undertaken by the patient, is a limiting factor for both its use and study. This review outlines the potential benefits of femtosecond-laser-assisted cataract surgery due to the automation of key steps and the safety of this new technology.

Suite de la Clef, ou Journal historique sur les matieres du tems

1755/01 (T77)-1755/06.

Suite de la Clef, ou Journal historique sur les matieres du tems

1755/07 (T78)-1755/12.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1813.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1806.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1810.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1791-1803.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1817.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1814.

Journal des audiences de la Cour de cassation, ou Recueil des arrêts de cette cour, en matière civile et mixte

1822.