The effect of certain hydrophilic polymers on suspension stability

The adsorption of nonionic surface active agents of polyoxyethylene glycol monoethers of n hexadecanols on polystyrene latex and nonionic cellulose polymers of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on polystyrene latex and ibuprofen drug particles have been studied. The adsorbed layer thicknesses were determined by means of microelectrophoretic and viscometric methods. The conformation of the adsorbed molecules at the solid-liquid interface was deduced from the molecular areas and the adsorbed layer thicknesses. Comparison of the adsorption results obtained from polystyrene latex and ibuprofen particles was made to explain the conformation difference between these two adsorbates. Sedimentation volumes and redispersibility values were the main criteria used to evaluate suspension stability. At low concentrations of surface active agents, hard caked suspensions were found, probably due to the attraction between the uncoated areas or, the mutual adsorption of the adsorbed molecules on the bare surface of the particles in the sediment. At high concentrations of hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, heavily caked sediments were attributed to network structure formation by the adsorbed molecules. An attempt was made to relate the characteristics of the suspensions to the potential energy of interaction curves. Generally, the agreement between theory and experiment was good, but for hydroxyethyl cellulose-ibuprofen systems discrepancies were found. Experimental studies showed that hydroxyethyl cellulose flocculated polystyrene latex over a rather wide range of concentrations; similarly, hydroxyethyl cellulose-ibuprofen suspensions were also flocculated. Therefore, it ls suggested that a term to account for flocculation energy of the polymer should be added to the total energy of interaction. A rheometric method was employed to study the flocculation energy of the polymer.

Green supply chain performance measurement using fuzzy ANP-based balanced scorecard:a collaborative decision-making approach

The purpose of this paper is to delineate a green supply chain (GSC) performance measurement framework using an intra-organisational collaborative decision-making (CDM) approach. A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP)-based green-balanced scorecard (GrBSc) has been used within the CDM approach to assist in arriving at a consistent, accurate and timely data flow across all cross-functional areas of a business. A green causal relationship is established and linked to the fuzzy ANP approach. The causal relationship involves organisational commitment, eco-design, GSC process, social performance and sustainable performance constructs. Sub-constructs and sub-sub-constructs are also identified and linked to the causal relationship to form a network. The fuzzy ANP approach suitably handles the vagueness of the linguistics information of the CDM approach. The CDM approach is implemented in a UK-based carpet-manufacturing firm. The performance measurement approach, in addition to the traditional financial performance and accounting measures, aids in firms decision-making with regard to the overall organisational goals. The implemented approach assists the firm in identifying further requirements of the collaborative data across the supply-cain and information about customers and markets. Overall, the CDM-based GrBSc approach assists managers in deciding if the suppliers performances meet the industry and environment standards with effective human resource. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

A review of advanced catalyst development for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons from biomass derived syn-gas

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a process which converts syn-gas (H2 and CO) to synthetic liquid fuels and valuable chemicals. Thermal gasification of biomass represents a convenient route to produce syn-gas from intractable materials particularly those derived from waste that are not cost effective to process for use in biocatalytic or other milder catalytic processes. The development of novel catalysts with high activity and selectivity is desirable as it leads to improved quality and value of FTS products. This review paper summarises recent developments in FT-catalyst design with regards to optimising catalyst activity and selectivity towards synthetic fuels. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.

Recent research trend of economic-lot scheduling problems

Purpose - This research note aims to present a summary of research concerning economic-lot scheduling problem (ELSP). Design/methodology/approach - The paper's approach is to review over 100 selected studies published in the last 15 years (1997-2012), which are then grouped under different research themes. Findings - Five research themes are identified and insights for future studies are reported at the end of this paper. Research limitations/implications - The motivation of preparing this research note is to summarize key research studies in this field since 1997, when the ELSP problems have been verified as NP-hard. Originality/value - ELSP is an important scheduling problem that has been studied since the 1950s. Because of its complexity in delivering a feasible analytical closed form solution, many studies in the last two decades employed heuristic algorithms in order to come up with good and acceptable solutions. As a consequence, the solution approaches are quite diversified. The major contribution of this paper is to provide researchers who are interested in this area with a quick reference guide on the reviewed studies. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Analysis of Wiener-Hammerstein equalizer for downlink LTE system

We propose a Wiener-Hammerstein (W-H) channel estimation algorithm for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems. The LTE standard provides known data as pilot symbols and exploits them through coherent detection to improve system performance. These drivers are placed in a hybrid way to cover up both time and frequency domain. Our aim is to adapt the W-H equalizer (W-H/E) to LTE standard for compensation of both linear and nonlinear effects induced by power amplifiers and multipath channels. We evaluate the performance of the W-H/E for a Downlink LTE system in terms of BLER, EVM and Throughput versus SNR. Afterwards, we compare the results with a traditional Least-Mean Square (LMS) equalizer. It is shown that W-H/E can significantly reduce both linear and nonlinear distortions compared to LMS and improve LTE Downlink system performance.

The development and analysis of a field project model curriculum and its impact on achievement and attitude toward science and the environment with at-risk eleventh and twelfth grade students

This study was an evaluation of a Field Project Model Curriculum and its impact on achievement, attitude toward science, attitude toward the environment, self-concept, and academic self-concept with at-risk eleventh and twelfth grade students. One hundred eight students were pretested and posttested on the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, PHCSC (1985); the Self-Concept as a Learner Scale, SCAL (1978); the Marine Science Test, MST (1987); the Science Attitude Inventory, SAI (1970); and the Environmental Attitude Scale, EAS (1972). Using a stratified random design, three groups of students were randomly assigned according to sex and stanine level, to three treatment groups. Group one received the field project method, group two received the field study method, and group three received the field trip method. All three groups followed the marine biology course content as specified by Florida Student Performance Objectives and Frameworks. The intervention occurred for ten months with each group participating in outside-of-classroom activities on a trimonthly basis. Analysis of covariance procedures were used to determine treatment effects. F-ratios, p-levels and t-tests at p $<$.0062 (.05/8) indicated that a significant difference existed among the three treatment groups. Findings indicated that groups one and two were significantly different from group three with group one displaying significantly higher results than group two. There were no significant differences between males and females in performance on the five dependent variables. The tenets underlying environmental education are congruent with the recommendations toward the reform of science education. These include a value analysis approach, inquiry methods, and critical thinking strategies that are applied to environmental issues. ^

Water temperature reconstructions based on paired Uk'37 and Tex86 records, and paired surface and subsurface Mg/Ca records

This dataset contains the collection of available published paired Uk'37 and Tex86 records spanning multi-millennial to multi-million year time scales, as well as a collection of Mg/Ca-derived temperatures measured in parallel on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera, both used in the analyses of Ho and Laepple, Nature Geoscience 2016. As the signal-to-noise ratios of proxy-derived Holocene temperatures are relatively low, we selected records that contain at least the last deglaciation (oldest sample >18kyr BP).

Isso é o nome das coisas: a palavra-canção em Arnaldo Antunes

This thesis aims to analyze a corpus containing some hybrid poems and some images related to these poems because the omnipresence of some of them in different semiotic systems and even different books of Arnaldo Antunes. The poems in question will be drawn from two of his books: Things and Name; We will also consider some excerpts from songs, which are present in the same author career discs; as well as observe the embodiment of the poem video coming out of the paper support and enters on the TV screen through the VHS / DVD project Name. Our work focuses on this corpus, mainly observing a recurrent feature already observed at Masters level that is the hallmark of firstness, theoretical category developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. In addition to observe the semiotic aspect, we will also be a discussion of the relationship of verbal texts with visual and its nuances with changing media. The semiotic theory is basically anchored in Peirce vision studied by Lucia Santaella on the headquarters of language and thought (noise, verbal and visual). And with regard to the study of the songs, we use the theory of Luiz Tatit, which discusses the verbal intonation and musical indices as the party responsible for global understanding of Song.

Fuzzy logic-based implicit authentication for mobile access control

In order to address the increasing compromise of user privacy on mobile devices, a Fuzzy Logic based implicit authentication scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme computes an aggregate score based on selected features and a threshold in real-time based on current and historic data depicting user routine. The tuned fuzzy system is then applied to the aggregated score and the threshold to determine the trust level of the current user. The proposed fuzzy-integrated implicit authentication scheme is designed to: operate adaptively and completely in the background, require minimal training period, enable high system accuracy while provide timely detection of abnormal activity. In this paper, we explore Fuzzy Logic based authentication in depth. Gaussian and triangle-based membership functions are investigated and compared using real data over several weeks from different Android phone users. The presented results show that our proposed Fuzzy Logic approach is a highly effective, and viable scheme for lightweight real-time implicit authentication on mobile devices.

Chi siete? A chi appartenete? Cosa andate cercando? Storie di identità attraverso l'opera "Il paese dei coppoloni"di Vinicio Capossela

A chi appartieni quando sai di essere diverso? Quando percorri un sentiero altro dalle battute strade dei tuoi? Quando t’imbarchi o nasci altrove ma sai di non potervi restare per sempre? Vogliamo tutti appartenere o meglio essere parte di qualcosa. Dei nostri supereroi, dei nostri artisti preferiti, di un partito politico, di una famiglia. Appartenere è percorrere un cammino comune, sentire di non essere soli. Gli uomini chiamano “radici” questa filiazione, un sentimento profondo che è un punto di contatto tra l’eterno andare e ritornare a conoscere se stessi. Avere delle radici è fondamentale per non sentirsi persi, per avere un porto sicuro da cui andare e partire. Come per le piante, le radici sono il punto di contatto con il terreno e le origini, ma soprattutto la vera base che permette al tronco e ai rami, quindi a una vita tutta nuova, di crescere sana e forte. Le radici sono l’inizio e la fine del viaggio al centro di se stessi.Ogni parte di questo percorso ha come tema principale una delle domande del libro e cerca di tracciarne possibili risposte, suggestioni, suggerimenti con spunti dall’opera omnia di questo artista e di autori che si sono interessati all’argomento con un approccio letterario o analitico. Le linee guida del primo capitolo saranno le domande “chi siete?” e “da dove venite?”; cercherò di trovare risposte grazie ai saggi echi del mare e di chi ne ha scritto e grazie alle pagine di Tefteri, Non si muore tutte le mattine e Il paese dei coppoloni, nonché le nuove Canzoni della Cupa del cantautore errante. Il secondo e ultimo capitolo invece si sposta dalla grandezza del mare alla quella della montagna, concentrandosi sulle domande “cosa andate cercando?” e “a chi appartenete?”; andrò indagando nell’entroterra delle appartenenze grazie ad altre preziose pagine e mi interrogherò sul valore che possono avere le voci antiche e nuove per una tale ricerca.

Competitividad dinámica en el sistema agroindustrial de la palta en Perú

La creciente demanda de palta en el mundo, le ha permitido al sistema agroindustrial (SAI) de la palta de Perú, mostrar un crecimiento sostenido en la producción y en el nivel de exportaciones, posicionándose así en el comercio internacional de esta fruta. Sin embargo, se desconoce si este crecimiento se sostiene sobre ventajas competitivas dinámicas que ha venido desarrollando el sistema, o si el crecimiento responde principalmente a las ventajas comparativas con las que cuenta el país. En base a esto, el objetivo de la investigación consistió en determinar la Competitividad dinámica en el sistema agroindustrial de la palta en Perú desde un enfoque sistémico, tomando un período de análisis comprendido entre los años 1961 - 2013. Para lograr el objetivo se utilizó tres tipos de metodología, combinado la investigación descriptiva (un comparativo de Perú frente al mundo en relación a la palta), cuantitativa (Índice de Ventajas comparativas Revelas (IVCR) y un modelo econométrico) y cualitativa (Diamante de Porter). Mediante el análisis descriptivo se encontró las características del ambiente externo e interno que determinan la condición de Perú como cuarto productor y segundo exportador de palta en el mundo. El IVCR registró un valor de 33,9 en el último año, mostrando que las exportaciones de palta presentan ventajas comparativas reveladas. El Diamante de Porter, permitió identificar que las ventajas competitivas del SAI, principalmente se basan en los factores básicos (agua, tierra, clima, localización geográfica y bajo costo de mano de obra), observándose una baja inversión en generación de factores avanzados y/o especializados. Además, se destaca la importancia de la política comercial de Perú basada en la apertura externa, facilitando el comercio del producto, y permitiendo la importación de los bienes de capital e insumos, para apalancarlos al sector primario y secundario del sistema. Mediante el modelo econométrico se registró que existe una relación funcional entre la competitividad a través del IVCR como variable dependiente y las variables explicativas: factor tecnológico, cantidad exportada y una dummy que representa el cambio institucional. En conclusión el SAI de la palta se encuentra en un camino hacia la construcción de competitividad, situándose en las etapas I y II que corresponde a: la competitividad impulsada por los factores, y la etapa de competitividad impulsada por la inversión. En esta última, aún existe bajo nivel de inversión para la innovación, el cual podría afectar la competitividad del sistema en el largo plazo.

Att förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner på en vårdavdelning : en litteraturstudie

Introduktion: Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är idag ett omfattande problem runt om i Europa och sjukvården står idag och i framtiden inför nya utmaningar. God hygien är avgörande för att motverka VRI, men trots det är beteendet för handhygien (HH) bristfälligt. Syfte: Att beskriva förebyggande åtgärder som kan förhindra att vårdrelaterade infektioner uppstår. Metod: Den här litteraturstudien har baserats på Polit och Becks (2012) nio-stegs-modell. Till litteratursökningen användes CINAHL och PubMed som databaser. Tio artiklar kvarstod efter en kvalitetsgranskning där fyra teman uppkom. Resultat: Miljöanpassning, aktivt ledarskap, kunskapsförbättring och repetitiva åtgärder var de teman studien grundade sitt resultat på. Miljöanpassning i form av isolering och rengöring av ytor hade en direkt förebyggande effekt på VRI. Kunskapsförbättring och repetitiva åtgärder som fungerar som påminnelser, tillsammans med ett aktivt ledarskap med goda förebilder var de bästa åtgärderna för att öka sjukvårdspersonalens följsamhet och gott beteende gällande HH, och därmed minska VRI. Slutsats: De viktigaste åtgärderna mot VRI visade sig vara utbildning, varierande påminnelser, återkoppling och aktivt samt engagerat ledarskap med goda förebilder inom teamet. Snabb isolering och rengöring vid specifik smitta visade sig också motverka att VRI uppstår.

R. D. Laingin antipsykiatrinen kritiikki teoksessa Divided Self

Analysoin tutkimuksessani radikaalin antipsykiatrian hulluuskäsityksiä ja psykiatrian kritiikkiä osana 1960-luvun vastakulttuuria ja kulttuurista murrosta. Alkuperäislähteeni on R. D. Laingin Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness (1960), jossa Laing käsitteli ajatuksiaan skitsofreenikoiden kokemusmaailmasta ja psykiatrisen katseen kohdentumisesta ymmärtämiseen ja empatiaan potilassuhteessa. Hän lähestyi aihettaan eksistentialistis-fenomenologisesta näkökulmasta ja sai leiman hulluuden romantisoijana ehdottaessaan myöhemmin 1960-luvulla, että kaikki psykoottiset matkat saattoivat johtaa yksilön ”uudelleensyntymään”. 1960-luvulla erityisesti psykiatreista ja sosiologeista koostuva joukko toi esiin kriittisiä näkemyksiä mielisairaalapotilaiden oikeuksista ja hoidosta samalla kyseenalaisten sairauksien medikaalisen mielen. He kommentoivat samalla sekä psykiatrian vallan käyttöä, että länsimaisen sivilisaation tilaa. Sodan jälkeisen maailman murros eli teknologian kasvu, kaupungistuminen ja arvojen materiaalistuminen vähensivät mahdollisuutta ihmisten sosiaalisten tarpeiden tyydyttämiseen. Nämä aiheuttivat henkilökohtaisella tasolla arvojen yhteentörmäyksiä, mistä 1960-luvun vastakulttuurit, kuten antipsykiatria, saivat kasvualustaa. Laingin teos avaa yhden näkökulman 1960-luvun ajatteluun ja kulttuuriin, jossa elettiin uudenlaisten elämäntapojen etsimisen aikaa. Laingin esittämät argumentit saivat laboratorion Kingsley Hallin terapeuttisesta yhteisöstä, joka perustettiin The Philadelphia Associationin tuella Lontoon East Endiin vuonna 1965. Tarkastelen yhteisöä paikkautopiana ja vaihtoehtona mielisairaalahoidolle. Laingin teoksen ja Kingsley Hallin kokeilun kautta asetan antipsykiatrian osaksi 1960-luvun vastakulttuuristen liikkeiden kirjoa.

Statin Adherence, Utilisation, and Prescribing Patterns. Improving effectiveness of treatment

Statins are one of the most widely studied and evidence-based medications. Randomised controlled trials have provided convincing evidence on the benefits of statin therapy in preventing cardiovascular events. Despite proven benefits, low costs, and few adverse effects, everyday effectiveness of statins is limited, since adherence to statin therapy is poor. This thesis was conducted as four pharmacoepidemiological studies using register data on statin users in real clinical care. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate prescribing patterns and to discover the lifestyle factors predicting statin nonadherence and discontinuation. This knowledge is essential in order to help physicians to motivate the adherence of their patients to treatment. In Finland, from 1998 to 2004, the number of statin initiators nearly doubled. The discovered channelling of atorvastatin and simvastatin may have affected the treatment outcomes at the public health level. It is possible that money spent on statins in Finland in 1998‒2004 could have been used in a more cost-effective way. In 2015, the percentage of patients receiving reimbursement for statins was 12% of the total population. Thus, it is a major public health and economic challenge to improve statin effectiveness and allocate therapy correctly. Among the participants with cardiovascular comorbidities, risky alcohol use or clustering of lifestyle risks were predictors of nonadherence. In addition, the prevalence of nonadherence to statins increased after retirement among both men and women. This increase in post-retirement nonadherence was highest among those receiving statins for secondary prevention. Discontinuation of statin therapy was predicted by high patient co-payment, and in women, by risky alcohol use. Recognising the predictors of nonadherence to statins is important because nonadherence is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and higher healthcare costs. In conclusion, optimal outcomes in medical therapy require both efficacious medications and adherence to those treatments. When prescribing statins to eligible patients, the physician’s clinical expertise in recognising patients at risk of statin discontinuation and nonadherence, as well as their ability to increase adherence, may have a great effect on public health.

Insight assessment in psychosis and psychopathological correlates: validation of the Spanish version of the Schedule for Assessment of Insight - Expanded Version

Background and Objectives: Lack of insight is a cardinal feature of psycho­sis. Insight has been found to be a multidimensional concept, including awareness of having a mental illness, ability to relabel psychotic phenomena as abnormal and compliance with treatment., which can be measured with the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI-E). The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of SAI-E. Methods: The SAI-E was translated into Spanish and back-translated into English, which was deemed appropriate by the original scale author. Next, the Spanish version of the SAI-E was administered to 39 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV criteria) from a North Peruvian psychiatric hospital. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) were also administered. Specifically, internal consistency and convergent validity were assessed. Results: Internal consistency between the 11 items of the SAI-E was found to be good to excellent (α = 0.942). Compliance items did not contribute to internal consistency (A = 0.417, B = 572). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.99). Regarding concurrent validity, the SAI-E total score correlated negatively with the lack of insight and judgement item of the PANNS (r = -0.91, p <0.01) and positively with the SUMD total score (r = 0.92, p <0.001). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the SAI-E scale was demonstrated to have both excellent reliability and external validity in our sample of South American Spanish-speaking patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.