Genetic structure of the genus Leptospira by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis

Thirty strains from the 11 species of the genus Leptospira were studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis at 12 enzyme loci, all of which were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.5. Twenty-five electrophoretic types were distinguished. Grouping of the strains by cluster analysis was in general agreement with species delineation as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization, except for the strains of Leptospira meyeri and Leptospira inadai, which were scattered throughout the genus, reflecting previously recognized taxonomic uncertainties. Analysis of the clonality within Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto indicated that this population was relatively heterogeneous and a lack of gene linkage disequilibrium could not be excluded. There was a genetic discrimination between the pathogenic species and the saprophytic ones. The phenotypically intermediate species (L. inadai and Leptospira fainei) were also genetically separated and were probably closer to the saprophytes than to the pathogens.

Analysis and evaluation of techniques for the extraction of classes in the ontology learning process

This paper analyzes and evaluates, in the context of Ontology learning, some techniques to identify and extract candidate terms to classes of a taxonomy. Besides, this work points out some inconsistencies that may be occurring in the preprocessing of text corpus, and proposes techniques to obtain good terms candidate to classes of a taxonomy.

Frame detection over the semantic web

In the past, research in ontology learning from text has mainly focused on entity recognition, taxonomy induction and relation extraction. In this work we approach a challenging research issue: detecting semantic frames from texts and using them to encode web ontologies. We exploit a new generation Natural Language Processing technology for frame detection, and we enrich the frames acquired so far with argument restrictions provided by a super-sense tagger and domain specializations. The results are encoded according to a Linguistic MetaModel, which allows a complete translation of lexical resources and data acquired from text, enabling custom transformations of the enriched frames into modular ontology components.

Mapping Nursing language terms of Parkinson's disease

OBJECTIVE Implementing cross-mapping of Nursing language terms with the terminology of NANDA International, contained in records of patients with Parkinson's disease in rehabilitation. METHOD Descriptive study of cross mapping, carried out in three steps. A simple random sample of 67 files of patients who participated in the rehabilitation in the period between March 2009 and April 2013. RESULTS We identified 454 terms of Nursing language that resulted in 54 diagnoses after cross-mapping, present in 11 of the 13 taxonomy domains. The most mapped diagnosis was "Impaired urinary elimination" (59.7%), followed by "Urgent urinary incontinence" (55.2%), "Willingness to self-control improved health" (50.7%), "Constipation" (47.8%) and "Compromised physical mobility" (29.9%). Seven described terms were not mapped due to a corresponding defining characteristic being absent. CONCLUSION It was possible to determine the profile of patients, as well as the complexity of nursing care in the rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Estudo taxonômico de Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae)

Taxonomic study of Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae). The genus Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is redescribed. Two genera are considered as its junior synonyms: Echinomasicera Townsend, 1915 syn. nov. and Parachaetopsis Blanchard, 1959 syn. nov. Thirty two especies are treated, as follows: 18 described as new, Leschenaultia aldrichi, sp. nov. (Brazil, Santa Catarina), L. arnaudi sp. nov. (Haiti, La Salle), L. bergenstammi sp. nov. (Peru, San Martin), L. bessi sp. nov. (Brazil, Santa Catarina), L. bigoti sp. nov. (Peru, Huanuco), L. blanchardi sp. nov. (Equador, Cuenca), L. braueri sp. nov. (Brazil, Mato Grosso), L. brooksi sp. nov. (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro), L. coquilletti sp. nov. (Brazil, Santa Catarina); L. cortesi sp. nov. (Venezuela, Maracay), L. currani sp. nov. (Brazil, São Paulo), L. loewi sp. nov. (Mexico, Vera Cruz), L. macquarti sp. nov. (U. S. A., Arizona), L. reinhardi sp. nov. (Canada, Quebec), L. sabroskyi sp. nov. from (U. S. A., California), L. schineri sp. nov. (U. S. A., California), L. thompsoni sp. nov. (Mexico, Mexico City), L. townsendi sp. nov. (Mexico, Puebla), and 14 known species, for these, diagnoses are given: L. adusta (Loew, 1872); L. americana (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893); L. bicolor (Macquart, 1846) = L. fusca (Townsend, 1916) syn. nov.; = Parachaetopsis proseni Blanchard, 1959 syn. nov.; L. ciliata (Macquart, 1848); L. exul (Townsend, 1892); L. fulvipes (Bigot, 1887); L. grossa Brooks, 1947; L. halisidotae Brooks, 1947; L. hospita Reinhard, 1952; L. hystrix (Townsend, 1915) comb. nov., L. jurinioides (Townsend, 1895); L. leucophrys (Wiedemann, 1830) = Leschenaultia latifrons (Walker, 1852) syn. nov. = Parachaeta nigricalyptrata (Macquart, 1855) syn. nov.; L. montagna (Townsend, 1912); L. nuda Thompson, 1963. One species was not examined, Leschenaultia nigrisquamis (Townsend, 1892), and two were not recognized, L. trichopsis (Bigot, 1887) and L. hirta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. Keys for Nearctic and Neotropical species (only for males) are provided, as well as geographical distribution and illustrations for each species.

Unabiara, um novo gênero de Heteropsini Lacordaire, 1869 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Unabiara, a new genus of Heteropsini Lacordaire, 1869 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Unabiara gen. nov. is proposed to include Callideriphus collaris Philippi & Philippi, 1864 (type species); provisionally it is maintained in Heteropsini Lacordaire, 1869. Unabiara collaris (Philippi & Philippi, 1864) new combination, is redescribed and illustrated, including the mouth pieces, endosternites, wing venation and male and female terminalia.

Descrição de uma nova espécie de Cordiluroides Albuquerque (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae)

Description of a new species of Cordiluroides Albuquerque (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae). Cordiluroides paulistensis sp. nov. from Salesopolis, São Paulo, Brazil is described and illustrated.

Eryphus Perty, 1832 e Tacyba, um novo gênero de Heteropsini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)

Eryphus Perty, 1832 and Tacyba, a new genus of Heteropsini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Some species, up to now, included in Callideriphus Blanchard, 1851 are rearranged in: a) those congeneric with Callideriphus grossipes Blanchard, 1851 and b) not congeneric. The first set of species will be treated in a future paper; the second one, on the other hand, is subdivided into Eryphus Perty, 1832 and Tacyba gen. nov. Eryphus Perty, 1832 (type species: Eryphus bipunctatus Perty, 1832), a valid genus, is redescribed and a key for the species is also provided. The following species are transferred to Eryphus: E. bivittatus (Melzer, 1934) comb. nov., E. carinatus (Zajciw, 1970) comb. nov., E. flavicollis (Fisher, 1938) comb. nov., E. laetus (Blanchard, 1851) comb. nov., E. marginatus (Zajciw, 1970) comb. nov., E. picticollis (Gounelle, 1911) comb. nov., E. transversalis (Fairmaire & Germain, 1864) comb. nov. New synonym proposed: Eryphus bipunctatus Perty, 1832 = Callideriphus atricollis Melzer, 1931. New taxa described: Eryphus tacuarembo sp. nov. (Uruguay, Tacuarembó), E. carioca sp. nov. (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro); Tacyba gen. nov. (type species: Callideriphus maculatus Cerda, 1988). Species transferred to Tacyba and synonyms: T. maculata (Cerda, 1988) comb. nov., T. tenuis (Blanchard, 1851) comb. nov. = Callideriphus testaceicornis Fairmaire & Germain, 1859 syn. nov. = Callideriphus clathratus Fairmaire & Germain, 1860 syn. nov. = Callideriphus niger Philippi & Philippi, 1864 syn. nov. Callideriphus flavicollis m. quadripunctatus Fuchs, 1961 and Callideriphus flavicollis m. reductus Fuchs, 1961, both names of infrasubspecific category (not available under the rules of ICZN), are herein treated as intraspecific variation of Eryphus picticollis (Gounelle, 1911) which occur in southern Brazil and Argentina.

O gênero Callideriphus Blanchard, 1851 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Heteropsini)

The genus Callideriphus Blanchard, 1851 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Heteropsini). The genus Callideriphus comprises only two species: C. grossipes Blanchard, 1851 (type species) and C. tucumanus sp. nov. (Argentina, Tucumán). The type locality of C. grossipes had been originally indicated as Chile, but it is supposedly considered erroneous. Its distribution, actually, extends from Southeastern Brazil up to Argentina, along the Atlantic Forest. This species is extremely variable in regard to its coloration and elytral punctation. Two subspecies are recognized: C. grossipes grossipes Blanchard, 1851 (BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina) and C. grossipes flavipennis Melzer, 1934 (BRAZIL: Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul; ARGENTINA: Chaco, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires). Four intermediate forms are recorded and commented. Redescription and a key to species are added. Nomenclatural changes: Callideriphus grossipes grossipes Blanchard, 1851 = C. grossipes var. brasliensis Melzer, 1923 syn. nov. = C. rubricollis Melzer, 1934 syn. nov.; Callideriphus grossipes flavipennis Melzer, 1934 stat nov. = C. signaticollis Melzer, 1934 syn. nov.

Revisão do gênero Mecocephala Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Revision of the genus Mecocephala Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). The genus Mecocephala Dallas, 1851 is revised, and some taxonomic and geographical distribution data are evaluated. The following species are considered to belong to this genus: M. acuminata Dallas, 1851 = M. holmbergi Pirán, 1969 syn. nov., M. curculionoides Pirán, 1959, M. bonariensis sp. nov., M. magna sp. nov., M. maldonadensis sp. nov., and M. zikani sp. nov.; their distribution is restricted to southern Neotropical Region. Other species, formerly placed in Mecocephala, are considered, respectively: M. rubripes Berg, 1894 incertae sedis, M. darwini Kirkaldy, 1909 incertae sedis, M. atra Bergroth, 1914 incertae sedis, Paramecocephala uruguayensis (Pirán, 1970) comb. nov., Paramecocephala fusca (Haglund, 1868) comb. nov. A key to the species is presented.

Reestruturação do gênero Deois Fennah; descrição de um novo gênero e de novas espécies (Homoptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae)

Restructure of the genus Deois Fennah; description of a new genus and new species (Homoptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). The genus Deois Fennah is reviewed and some changes in the taxonomy are introduced. The genus and its four subgenera are redefined, having now the following composition: 1) subgenus Deois (Deois) with: D. (D.) correntina (Berg, 1879), D. (D.) grandis Sakakibara, 1979, D. (D.) knoblauchii (Berg, 1879) (formerly in D. (Pandysia)), D. (D.) morialis (China & Myers, 1934), D. (D.) mourei Cavichioli & Sakakibara, 1994, D. (D.) piraporae Sakakibara, 1979, D. (D.) pseudoflavopicta (Lallemand, 1938) comb. nov. (formerly in Mahanarva) = D. (D.) similis Sakakibara, 1979 syn. nov., D. (D.) rubropicta Sakakibara, 1979, D. (D.) spinulata sp. nov., D. (D.) terrea (Germar, 1821), D. (D.) uniformis (Distant, 1909). 2) subgenus Deois (Pandysia) with: D. (P.) bergi sp. nov., D. (P.) crenulata sp. nov., D. (P.) schach (Fabricius, 1787) = Sphenorhyna transiens Walker, 1851 syn. nov.. 3) Deois (Fennahia) with: D. (F.) coerulea (Lallemand, 1924), D. (F.) flexuosa (Walker, 1851). 4) Deois (Acanthodeois) with: D. (A.) flavopicta (Stål, 1854), Deois (A.) incompleta (Walker, 1851). The genus Orodamnis Fennah, 1953 stat. nov. (formerly Deois (Orodamnis)) with: Orodamnis rhynchosporae (China & Myers, 1934) comb. nov. The genus Deoisella gen. nov. is described for: Deoisella fasciata sp. nov. (type species) and Deoisella picklesi (China & Myers, 1934) comb. nov.

Revisão do gênero Paramecocephala Benvegnú, 1968 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Revision of the genus Paramecocephala Benvegnú, 1968 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). The Neotropical genus Paramecocephala Benvegnú, 1968 is revised based on morphological characters, particularly of the genitalia of both sexes. Formerly monobasic with P. foveata Benvegnú, 1968, type species, the genus received two species recently transferred from Mecocephala Dallas, 1851: M. fusca Haglund, 1868 and M. uruguayensis Pirán, 1970. Five new species are herein described: P. australis Frey-da-Silva & Grazia sp. nov., P. bachmanni Frey-da-Silva & Grazia sp. nov., P. bergrothi Frey-da-Silva & Grazia sp. nov., P. guianensis Frey-da-Silva & Grazia sp. nov. and P. subsolana Frey-da-Silva & Grazia sp. nov. Illustrations of the genitalia, a key to the species and a distribution map are provided.

O subgênero Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala: notas complementares e descrição de uma nova espécie (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

The subgenus Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala: complementary notes and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala, 2002 is redescribed pointing out some others important distinctive characters. The nominal species designated by Ayala as the type species, Centris plumipes Smith, 1854, is preocupied by Centris plumipes (Fabricius, 1781) originaly described in Apis Linnaeus. Being so, Centris xanthosara nom. nov. is proposed to replace Centris plumipes Smith, 1854 non Centris plumipes (Fabricius, 1781). Two other species are considered to belong in this subgenus: Centris (Aphemisia) lilacina Cockerell, 1919, and Centris (Aphemisia) plumbea sp. nov., from Tingo Maria, Peru. A key for the species, illustrations, and geographical distribution are also added.

O gênero Anthidium Fabricius na América do Sul: chave para as espécies, notas descritivas e de distribuição geográfica (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini)

The genus Anthidium Fabricius in the South America: key for the species, descriptive notes, and geographical distribution (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini). The Anthidiini, in South America, is represented by a single genus Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 (type-species: Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758). Thirty nine species are treated in this paper, as follows: Anthidium alsinai Urban, 2001; A. andinum Joergensen, 1912; A. anurospilum Moure, 1957 nom. reval. (formerly = A. espinosai Ruiz, 1938); A. atricaudum Cockerell, 1926; A. aymara Toro & Rodríguez, 1998; A. chilense Spinola, 1851; A. chubuti Cockerell, 1910; A. colliguayanum Toro & Rojas, 1970; A. cuzcoense Schrottky, 1910; A. danieli Urban, 2001; A. decaspilum Moure, 1957; A. deceptum Smith, 1879; A. edwini Ruiz, 1935; A. espinosai Ruiz, 1938; A. falsificum Moure, 1957; A. friesei Cockerell, 1911; A. funereum Schletterer, 1890; A. garleppi Schrottky, 1910 = A. matucanense Cockerell, 1914 syn. nov.; A. gayi Spinola, 1851; A. igori Urban, 2001; A. larocai Urban, 1997; A. latum Schrottky, 1902; A. luizae Urban, 2001; A. manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758); A. masunariae Urban, 2001; A. nigerrimum Schrottky, 1910; A. paitense Cockerell, 1926; A. penai Moure, 1957; A. peruvianum Schrottky, 1910; A. rafaeli Urban, 2001; A. rozeni Urban, 2001; A. rubripes Friese, 1908 = A. boliviense Friese, 1920 syn. nov. = A. adriani Ruiz, 1935 syn. nov. = A. kuscheli Moure, 1957 syn. nov.; A. sanguinicaudum Schwarz, 1933; A. sertanicola Moure & Urban, 1964; A. tarsoi Urban, 2001; A. toro Urban. 2001; A. vigintiduopunctatum Friese, 1904; A. vigintipunctatum Friese, 1908, and A. weyrauchi Schwarz, 1943. Some taxonomic comments are made for each species, and new data on geographic distribution are also given. The females of A. andinum, A. igori, A. rozeni and the male of A. anurospilum are described for the first time. Identification keys (for males and females), as well as illustrations for almost all species, are provided.

Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki (Diptera, Muscidae): description of the male of P. major Albuquerque and female of P. wulpi Couri & Carvalho

Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911 (Diptera, Muscidae) is a New World genus of Muscini, which comprises 18 species. The male of P. major Albuquerque, 1956 and the female of P. wulpi Couri & Carvalho, 1997 are herein described and illustrated for the first time. New geographical localities are recorded for both species.