Aplicação de resíduos de construção e demolição em estruturas de pavimento

The objective of this work was collect information of articles published previously and carry out a study about them, including contents and interesting stuff that bring growth regarding the construction residues utilization and demolition (RCD), that today provides many environmental impacts. The need of utilization of the RCD in Brazil and in the world earned bigger attention world speaking, therefore the industry of the civil construction is had as one of the biggest present residues output springs. For it present a point that can be applied the RCD, is discussed in that work the kinds and structures of floors, where are presented the layers and, finally, a short argument about the possible and economic feasabilities job of the residues recycled in some layers of the structure of floor

Subsídios para o gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde em municípios de médio porte: estudo de caso de Araraquara - SP

The Health Care Wastes (HCW) present serious risks to health and to the environment, if incorrectly managed, because in addition to the presence of pathogenic agents, the may pollute the soil and the water. Thus, a study was performed aiming at diagnosing the HCW management in Araraquara (SP), identifying the difficulties of the agents (municipal gestors and managers of institutions which generate this wastes) in implanting the HCW management Plan (HCWMP) proposed by ANVISA, in order to subside the HCWMP implantation. The methodology was based on question applications in health centers selected to be the samples, and on quantitative data related to the phases of Treatment and Final Disposal, provided by DAAE. As a result, it was observed that a great part of the interviewed centers managed these wastes according to norm RDC no 306/ 2004 of ANVISA. However, only 24% of the interviewed centers knew about this norm, and only 22% of them had the HCWMP. The difficulties in managing the HCW concentrated in the correct segregation of theses wastes in the generation source. The large number of people involved in this phase suggests the causes of the difficulties.

Aplicação do lean six sigma na linha de produção de turbinas industriais a vapor

This work evaluates the implementation of Lean Six Sigma into the Steam Turbine’s Blades Manufacturing Process, aiming to improve productivity, quality and operational efficiency. Therefore, several tools have been applied, such as VSM, Spaghetti Diagram, Ishikawa, Pareto, DMAIC, Benchmarking and Control Charts, seeking to propose process improvements, as well as Quality Indicators creation. It was obtained a significant waste reduction throughout the process, achieving a lead time reduction of 42% and 83,41% in transport. Also, were introduced the Lean Thinking concepts, such as pull production and Continuous material flow. At the same time, it was possible to calculate the process capability and the sigma level, evaluating and proposing some improvements

Os impactos da política nacional de resíduos sólidos no setor de eletrônicos

A Revolução Tecnológica vem colocando no mercado um número cada vez maior de equipamentos eletrônicos, enquanto a absorção dos impactos pelo ecossistema se torna cada vez mais difícil. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos reúne o conjunto de princípios, diretrizes, metas e ações para o gerenciamento ambientalmente adequado dos resíduos. Comparando o cenário brasileiro com medidas de outros países, a proposta é analisar os impactos econômicos e ambientais da nova lei sobre a indústria de produtos eletroeletrônicos

Proposta de sistemática operacional para implantação de sistemas de gestão ambiental em empreendimentos industriais

The implantation of environmental management systens (SGA) in companies is the first step to the company conquers the environmental certification and consequently the benefits of a sustainable production of products, services and activities can bring. However, in the way as they are proposals in bibliographies the implantation of the SGAs, does not identify the definition of the operational stages of implementation of the same ones, generating doubts on the real environmental and administrative performance that they can come to generate for the organization. In this direction, the present research brings a proposal of operational systematics for implantation of SGA in companies, detailing each stage of implantation, considering its particularitities. For in such a way, a revision of norm NBR ISO 14001:2004 was made, looking for to identify to the interpretation imperfections gifts in the normative system. Moreover, other methods of SGA implantation had been searched gifts in the bibliography, searching proposals that detailed the operational aspects of the implantation of the system. In the same way, the accomplishment of a period of training supervised in the first semester of 2007 made possible the practical experience of the functioning of a system of environmental management, beyond the contact with professionals of the area and the acquisition of documents that had helped in the development of the research. The result was the attainment of a detailed procedure more, defining the operational systematic of SGA implantation, beyond the generation of a flowchart, describing as to develop each stage. This detailing certainly will facilitate the implantation of a SGA in companies interested in improving its environmental performance.

Análise granulométrica do compósito cimentício produzido com adição de resíduos de madeira e escória

Since the early twenty-first century, the construction sector has been the second largest on the rise in the Brazilian industrial sector, with a growth of 1.4% in 2012, and is likely to remain at this level for a long time. However, unlike decades ago, the industry has been seeking in its manufacturing process, sustainable materials, encompassing in their works the concept of sustainability. Thus, the timber sector seeks to satisfy a market increasingly demanding, innovating techniques and utilization being less aggressive to the environment. The purpose of this study was to produce and evaluate the mechanical strength of the composite cement with the addition of wood residues and slag low oven. Therefore, it was made 42 specimen cement-slag-wood, carried out in two steps. Since at the first, it was varied only the slag particle size, and at the second, through the best result of the previous step, it was varied the wood particles granulometry. The mechanical performance of the composite was evaluated by the results obtained in the compression test and the physical test for determining the density of the material. In the first step of the process can be concluded that the best result was achieved with the use of slag particles retained on the 60 mesh sieve. In the second phase of the study concluded that the best results were achieved with wood particles with the large particles, i.e. particles retained on the 10 mesh sieve. Both in the first and in the second step it can be seen that there has been the influence of the particle size of the waste materials. With the obtained results, could be evaluated that the use of waste for the production of cement-slag-wood composite showed lower performance when compared to the results obtained in studies without the use of waste. However, some applications are feasible to be performed with the use of composite wood-cement-slag

Diagnóstico dos resíduos de serviços de saúde do grupo B gerados no município de Uberaba (MG)

The present work aimed to quantify the generation of group B health care`s residuals in places such as drugstores and pharmacies, in the municipality of Uberaba, MG, Brazil, as well as to identify their final destination in those places during the months of July and September, 2010. In order to also verify the medicaments generated by the whole community, some delivery campaigns were arranged to capture out-of-date medicaments at 3 drugstores. In this sense, all people who effectively looked for a pharmacy/drugstore to deposit the medicaments were invited to respond some questions, containing information about the name of the medicament, the pharmaceutical composition, the color applicable to the medicament and the expiration date. At the end of the period of research, 76 interviews were performed and 90 medicaments were observed (1.18 products per interview, in average). Results obtained suggested that pharmacies/drugstores located downtown tend to generate more medicaments than others located in the districts and periphery zones. Moreover, manipulation drugstores tend to generate more products than their conventional counterparts. Regarding the therapeutic classes, the anti-hypertensive medicaments represented the most substantial percentage of the medicaments delivered, accounting for 21,11%. However, the worst scenario tends to show that people usually do not know exactly how to discard this sort of product – about 65% of the people consulted discard chemical pharmaceutical residuals in the same place the domestic trash is thrown away – what may represent a serious risk in terms of contamination of the environment, so that a strong campaign towards the proper usage and discharge of medicaments should be strongly encouraged

Gestão de resíduos de demolição e da construção civil no município de Guaratinguetá-SP

The large volume of waste generated by construction and demolition has become increasingly a matter of concern to society. The handling and disposal of RCD's to gain prominence as over the years intensified the requirements for a sustainable world. This paper presents the positive and negative factors that the management of construction and demolition waste can bring in the municipality of Guaratinguetá-SP. This study examines the methods used in waste management since he was not done any treatment to the present day. Presents comparative tables on the feasibility of installing a central crushing of inert waste and implementation of an inert waste landfill in the municipality of Guaratinguetá and Cachoeira Paulista. And yet the work being done by the city of Guaratinguetá reuse the material in class A in paving roads

Cooperviva: análise das possibilidades e limites do trabalho dos catadores de resíduos recicláveis de Rio Claro (SP)

The issue of waste, historically, has been getting worse as a result of the world´s population increase and in order to meet their needs the consumption of natural resources and the generation has been constantly increasing, especially in large urban centers. The people involved in the collection of recyclable solid waste, called from now on as collectors, are responsible for about 90% of the waste sent to recycling industry in Brazil. Apart from having a role in the economy, the collectors have specific knowledge and skills necessary to identify, collect, sort and sell these wastes. This study aims to examine the possibilities and limits of COOPERVIVA – Cooperativa de Trabalho dos Catadores de Material Reaproveitável de Rio Claro - as an instrument of the municipal solid waste management system, and its experience as a recyclable waste collectors cooperative. The methodological procedures of this study rely on the literature research on the experiences of cooperative and the management of municipal solid waste. In addition to this review of the literature, fortnightly visits to the cooperative were held in order to experience their daily activities, and testimonies of the cooperative members were collected as well as documents and reports produced by COOPERVIVA. The results of this analysis are considerations of the limitations of the cooperative and recommendations aimed at maximizing their potential as a tool of the domestic solid waste management system of and as a recyclable waste collectors cooperative. Among other things it can be concluded that the urban selective collection of waste challenges the community to the reinvention of life and the relationships each individual with the planet.

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética em reatores anaeróbios aplicados ao tratamento de resíduos da indústria de produção do etanol

Ethanol, the main automotive biofuel, has its production based on the fermentation of sugars found in biological materials and on the distillation of the alcoholic media formed during the fermentative process. Stillage is the main residue from ethanol production, containing a high organic loading in addition to acidic and corrosive characteristics. Considering the available technologies to treat stillage, we highlight anaerobic digestion, which allows the reduction of the impacts associated to pollutants loading of this effluent and the generation of energy from the methane gas produced in the process. Based on the high treatment efficiency usually associated to the anaerobic process, this work aimed to assess whether anaerobic systems applied to the treatment of stillage are energetically self-sufficient. First we evaluated the energy recovery capacity in an anaerobic reactor applied to the treatment of stillage resulting from corn-to-ethanol processing. The results indicated the great influence that a correct selection of electrical equipment and their respective operating periods have on the net energy balance of the anaerobic treatment. The high energy consumption of the heater would not allow the system to achieve a positive net energy balance – the maximum energy recovery would reach only 0.68% of the consumption. However, the replacement of the mixture equipment would result in energy gains ranging from 8.5 to 967.9% of the consumption. In this work we also assessed the efficiency of methane yields for a few studies and the correlation between some parameters of the anaerobic process. With respect to the methane yield, we noted that mesophilic systems tend to be more advantageous than the thermophilic ones (efficiency of 76.45 ± 22.51% vs. 69.40 ± 30.36%). Considering the study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos e sua influência na gestão urbano-ambiental municipal de Sorocaba/SP

In Brazil, rates of urban solid waste generation increase proportionally more than the annual growing of the population. The government, from its federal authority to the municipal spheres, faces increasing challenges for Urban and Environmental management regarding to solid waste in general and, in particular, municipal solid waste. Financial problems added to public health problems that worsen with the serious environmental impacts generated every year. In August 2010 Brazil the PNRS (National Policy on Solid Waste) was approved and sanctioned in which represented a true watershed in the country as a legal framework extremely ambitious and visionary. This work presents the successes and challenges that the municipality of Sorocaba/SP is facing after more than three years of PNRS sanctioned to conduct an Urban and Environmental management suited to the new legal bases towards the subject of solid waste. The results show a large gap between the content proposed by the law and the technical, financial and temporal reality to practical implementation by the municipal government. New legislation and federal incentives, consortiums among the cities, flexible deadlines and environmental education at all levels are certainly some proposals to catalyze processes that aim to solve and overcome the challenges of solid waste

Subsídios para elaboração de plano municipal de gestão de resíduos sólidos orgânicos para o município de Rio Claro-SP

The research aims to propose grants for development of Municipal Plan for the Management of Organic Solid Waste generated in the municipality of Rio Claro. The research universe was composed of organic waste generators establishments (markets and grocers). From the registry of commercial establishments provided by the municipal government were identified who presented this typology, which totaled 38 establishments. In this universe the interview was conducted in 15 establishments obtained by directed sampling based on the characteristics of size, type and location. The data collected were the amount generated, disposal of waste, waste separation, collection frequency, reasons for the disposal of waste, frequency of purchase of products. From the data obtained in the field, we estimated the total generation of organic waste in this segment for the municipality. Then, the estimated costs for implementation and operation of a composting center, a way to subsidize the implementation of the management plan was carried out. We opted for the aerobic composting process by the simplicity of operation and because it is a technique already known. The average waste generation was established by tracks (size) with: stores up to 4 boxes (classified as small) generate on average 1511 kg / month, 40% of organic waste, the 5-9 boxes (small/midsize) generate on average 4338 kg / month, 35% organic and the 10 to 19 boxes (midsize) generate on average 7647 kg / month with 32% organic. In total establishments generate 105 t/ month of waste, with 35t / month of organics. 94% of establishments are in font segregation of waste into recyclable, organic and waste, indicating that the proposed management of organic waste is amenable to application without many changes in existing routine in stores. Recyclables are sent for recycling through selective collection held by the cooperative, while the organics are destined for the landfill and feed. The results indicate...

Considerações gerais sobre a aplicação de esterco no processo de compostagem dos resíduos de poda e capina

In the category of the solid waste, are included the yard solid waste, this kind of solid waste are noble raw material and uncontaminated being recycled through the composting processing. Inside this context, it was studied the influence of horse manure in yard solid waste composting process, analyze the viability to compost the yard solid waste in UNESP Bela Vista. It was made four piles of composting, two of them are composed only by yard solid waste and the others are composed by horse manure and yard solid waste. The experiments were operated during 45 days. The evaluation of the process was made through temperature measurements of the piles daily during the test period. On the contrary of the piles with horse manure, the piles with no horse manure didn’t undergo complete maturation in the end of the experiment. Through the results obtained concluded that it was important to use manure horse in yard solid waste composting process to accelerate this process, because the piles without horse manure didn’t reach temperatures that characterize the composting process.

Análise de características físicas de agregados de resíduos de construção e demolição, para fins de pavimentação

This work presents the results obtained in analyzes of aggregates from construction and demolition waste produced by the plant of the City of Guaratinguetá. Using this data and comparing with the specifications of NBR 15115, it was found that the materials do not possess the requisite minimum characteristics to be utilized as a basis for low-pavement traffic. In order to identify the main reasons of the material does not fit in the standard, we used the data obtained in a study conducted by Professor. Dr. Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira at the plant of the company AB Environmental Solutions Ltd., located in Pindamonhangaba. With different characteristics, the aggregates from construction and demolition waste produced by this plant showed the possibility of using pavements. The use of these residues in paving reduces the impact on the environment caused by construction.

Tecnologia e meio ambiente: a valorização energática de resíduos sólidos no Brasil

O tema foi escolhido em função da sua relevância global, atualidade e importância para a população brasileira. A valorização de resíduos sólidos tem sido um tema central das políticas ambientais desde a década de 1970. Desde então, os resíduos são vistos não só como parte da problemática ambiental, mas também como um recurso produtivo e uma fonte de energia. A pesquisa proposta neste estudo tem o objetivo de analisar os benefícios da valorização energética de resíduos sólidos urbanos para a sociedade, e analisar as possíveis dificuldades que se colocam diante desta alternativa energética