Boston and vicinity, Massachusetts, railroads, 1865 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Rail road map : showing the street rail road routes in and leading from Boston, with the terminus of each road in suburban cities or towns, prepared by J.G. Chase, civil engineer. It was published by J.H. Bufford in 1865. Scale [1:42,240]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as street railroads, steam railroads, selected roads, drainage, town boundaries and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

The 2015 ENP Review: A policy in suspended animation. CEPS Commentary, 1 December 2015

One year after the Juncker Commission took office, the long-awaited official review of the European Neighbourhood Policy ​(ENP) ​was published ​in November 2015. By prioritising interests over values in increasingly atomised partnerships, the policy ​will now aim for pragmatic realism​ in its dealings with a turbulent neighbourhood​. ​But in the absence of the necessary funding to tackle the region’s multiple crises, and without a strategic vision to guide relations with the neighbours of the EU’s neighbours, the new ENP remains in suspended animation.

Suspended matter on the meridional section in the Laptev Sea in August-September 1991

Suspended matter concentration along a meridian section from the Lena River delta to 78°N (~500 km) at ten stations from the surface to the bottom was studied with weight and optical (light attenuation index) techniques. At seven stations average residence time of suspended matter in surface waters was determined by the disequilibrium 234Th method. Average residence time of suspended matter in other depth intervals was calculated by regression dependence between the 234Th/238U ratio and suspended matter concentration. Differential and integral fluxes of suspended matter in the water column were also calculated. Nepheloid matter dominates in suspended matter composition in surface waters. Calculations indicate that, before being buried on the bottom, solid river run-off is resuspended 2.3 times (aver.). Redistribution of nepheloid suspended matter in the near-bottom layer results in formation of a strongly pronounced depocentre - an area of maximal discharge of solid river run-off within the Laptev Sea.