Impactos negativos en las pesquerías de lisas (Pisces, Mugilidae) en Cuba de 1971 a 1995 y recomendaciones para incrementar su producción

Se presenta la situación actual de las lisas (Pisces, Mugilidae en Cuba, espacialmente respecto a los daños sufridos en sus pesquerías de 1971 a 1995. Se revisan las especies marinas presentes en aguas cubanas y sus características generales, así como las principales zonas, artes y épocas de pesca. Se presentan las capturas por regiones y se analizan los desembarques por categorías, de acuerdo con su composición por espec1e. Se revisa la Situación del grupo en los últimos años, cuyas capturas han disminuído a sólo un 5% del nivel más alto alcanzado, debido a los perjuicios ambientales de las lagunas y áreas costeras aledañas causadas por acciones antrópicas, que se describen, así como por disminuciones en el esfuerzo pesquero. Se presentan las relaciones entre las capturas y la capacidad de agua embalsada acumulada en el país, así como entre la talla media de las hembras de Mugil liza y el año en el periodo de 1981 a 1989 en la localidad históricamente más importante. Se analizan propuestas para incrementar la producción de los mugílidos en Cuba relacionadas con las pesquerías y la aplicación de técnicas de "Vallicultura integrada" como única vía para rehabilitar el medio ambiente lagunar con un balance adecuado de costo-rentabilidad. ABSTRACT The present status of the mullets (P1sces, Muglhdae),Cuba is rev1ewed, spec1ally in relation to their físhery between 1971 end 1995. The manne spec1es, Cuban waters, the1r general characterst1cs, as well as the main zonas, gears and flshmg Matons are shown. The captures by reg1ons and the landings by category and by specíes compositton are anatysed . The 11tuat10n ol the group in recent years is rev1ewed , in which the captures decreased to only 5% of the h1ghest leve! attamed due to envuonmental damages to coastal lagoons and nearby areas causad by human actions and by a lower flsh1ng effort. The retau onsh1ps are shown between captures and the country's cumulatíve capacitv of water dams, as well as that of the average s11e of Mugilliza tamales m the years between 1981 and 1989 ín the most historically important locat1on •. Proposals to mcrease mullet production in Cuba m relat1on to fisheries and establishment of "i ntegrated Vallicultura• as the only wav of restonng the tagoon environment with a good cost-benefi t balance are analysed.

A 139-year dendroclimatic cycle, cultural/environmental history, sunspots, and longer-term cycles

Higher resolution time-stratigraphic records suggest correlation of lower frequency paleoclimatic events with Milankovitch obliquity/precessional cycles and of higher frequency events with the evidently resonance-related Pettersson maximum tidal force (MTF) model. Subsequently published records, mainly pollen, seemingly confirm that atmospheric resonances may have modulated past climatic changes in phase with average MTF cycles of 1668, 1112, and 556 years, as calculated in anomalistic years from planetary movements by Stacey. Stacey accepts Pettersson's dating of AD 1433 (517 YBP) for the last major perihelian spring tide based solely on calculations of moon- and earth-orbital relations to the sun. Use of AD 1433 as an origin for the tidal resonance model seemingly continues to provide a best fit for the timing of cyclical patterns in the presented paleoclimate time series.

Socio-cultural influences on sanitation, fish handling and artisanal fish processing within the fishing communities

The fishery sector in Uganda has seen important changes in the last two decades. Among the changes registered, is the expansion of fish markets locally, regionally and internationally. Upon which, remarkable benefits have been realized at local and national levels, for instance, it is estimated that an average of 40m$ is being earned annually as foreign exchange. Besides, presently fish accounts for over 50% of total animal protein in take. However, it is argued that sustaining these gains has become an up hill task due to failure to maintain fish quality as a result of the rudimentary and inappropriate sanitary, fish handling and artisanal fish processing practices that both directly and indirectly affect the quality of fish and fish products. Therefore, against this background, a study of 507 respondents was undertaken among the Lake Victoria Communities specifically in Wakiso, Mayuge and Mukono districts. The study examined the perceptions of fishers on the social cultural practices of sanitation, fish handling and artisanal fish processing and consequently identified factors that influenced these practices.

Sanitation, fish handling and artisanal fish processing within fishing communities: socio-cultural influences

postive transformation of the fisheries sector in Uganda has of recent been scatted by failure to mountain fish quality and safety,akey prerequiste for retaining and gaining fish markets. The social cultural study established the extent to which social cutural practices had affected the levels and the use of sanitation facilities,fish handling facilities and artisanal fish processing techniques and the factors that influenced these practices in the fishing communities of lake victoria. This information is of significance for the purpose of advocacy and mobilization of fishers in order to improve sanitation, fish handling and artisanal fishing processing situation in the fishing communities.

The role of social,economic and cultural factors in the management of satellite lake fisheries in Uganda

The fisheries of small lakes are important for producing fish for local populations not clear the larger lakes.The satelite support important fisheries and other economic activities like fishing water for domestic purpose and tourism besides socio-cultural functions.