La Traductologie, Science Auxiliare du Droit

Revista Lusófona de Línguas, Culturas e Tradução

Albert-László Barabási, Linked – The New Science of Networks, Perseus, Cambridge, 2002. Duncan J. Watts, Six Degrees – The Science of a Connected Age, William Heinemann, Londres, 2003.

Com a criação da teoria das redes, assistiu-se nos últimos anos a uma revolução científica de carácter interdisciplinar Não é uma teoria inteiramente nova, tendo sido precedida pela criação por P. Erdvos, nos anos sessenta, da teoria dos grafos aleatórios. Esta última é uma teoria puramente matemática, donde termos escrito “grafo” em lugar de “rede”. Apenas recentemente podemos falar de uma efectiva teoria das redes reais, e isso devido ao abandono de algumas das ideias essenciais avançadas por Erdvos, em especial a ideia de partir de um conjunto previamente dado de nós, os quais de seguida vão sendo conectados aleatoriamente com probabilidade p. Este quadro geral começou a ser modificado pelo chamado modelo dos “mundo-pequenos” proposto em 1998 por Duncan Watts e Steve Strogatz, modificação que se tornou ainda mais radical quando, em 1999, Albert Barabási e colaboradores propuseram um modelo no qual os nós vão progressivamente nascendo e conectados por uma função de preferência: um nó conecta-se em proporção às ligações que os outros nós já possuem, pelo que quantas mais ligações um nó possui maior a probabilidade de receber ulteriores ligações.

Templated synthesis of carbon materials mediated by porous clay heterostructures

Mesoporous carbon materials were prepared through template method approach using porous clay heterostructures (PCHs) as matrix and furfuryl alcohol as carbon precursor. Three PCHs prepared using amines with 8, 10 and 12 carbon atoms were used. The effect of several impregnation-polymerization cycles of the carbon precursor, the carbonization temperature and the need of a previous surface alumination were evaluated. The presence of two porosity domains was identified in all the carbon materials. These two domains comprise pores resulting from the carbonization of the polymer film formed in the inner structure of the PCH (domain I) and larger pores created by the clay particles aggregation (domain II). The predominance of the porosity associated to domain I or II can be achieved by choosing a specific amine to prepare the PCH matrix. Carbonization at 700 C led to the highest development of pores of domain I. In general, the second impregnation-polymerization cycle of furfuryl alcohol resulted in a small decrease of both types of porosity domains. Furthermore the previous acidification of the surface to create acidic sites proved to be unnecessary. The results showed the potential of PCHs as matrices to tailor the textural properties of carbons prepared by template mediated synthesis.

Caracterização da amostra portuguesa da área da saúde na Web of Science

Introdução: A produção e o uso da literatura científica são analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, ciência utilizada para estudos métricos da informação publicada e que estuda as questões relacionadas com a comunicação científica e a atividade científica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado é uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica portuguesa da área da saúde indexada na Web of Science. Métodos: Analisa-se a produção referente ao período entre 1992 e final de 2011. A análise da produção científica centrou-se nas seguintes variáveis: categorias de classificação da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, títulos de revistas, distribuição por anos de publicação, afiliação institucional, idiomas, países de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas relações de parceria científica e quem facultou os financiamentos à investigação científica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo é a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação (58,5%). A década mais recente é contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produção com visibilidade internacional é oriunda de universidades e de centros de investigação hospitalar; institutos, laboratórios da indústria farmacêutica e universidades estrangeiras têm valores residuais. A colaboração com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investigação científica é suportado basicamente pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comissão Europeia (17,8%). O inglês é o idioma mais usado para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação nacional na área da saúde (97,8%). Conclusões: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas científicas para estudos bibliométricos é um processo moroso e difícil. O total de trabalhos em análise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas variáveis, os valores não coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria temática, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas instituições, quer pelos trabalhos de colaboração internacional. Também no presente estudo os artigos são o veículo privilegiado para a divulgação dos resultados científicos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utilização de outras plataformas científicas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recuperação da produção científica nacional na área da saúde. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.

Caracterização da amostra portuguesa da área da saúde na Web of Science

Introdução: A produção e o uso da literatura científica são analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, ciência utilizada para estudos métricos da informação publicada e que estuda as questões relacionadas com a comunicação científica e a atividade científica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado é uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica portuguesa da área da saúde indexada na Web of Science. Métodos: Analisa-se a produção referente ao período entre 1992 e final de 2011. A análise da produção científica centrou-se nas seguintes variáveis: categorias de classificação da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, títulos de revistas, distribuição por anos de publicação, afiliação institucional, idiomas, países de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas relações de parceria científica e quem facultou os financiamentos à investigação científica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo é a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação (58,5%). A década mais recente é contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produção com visibilidade internacional é oriunda de universidades e de centros de investigação hospitalar; institutos, laboratórios da indústria farmacêutica e universidades estrangeiras têm valores residuais. A colaboração com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investigação científica é suportado basicamente pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comissão Europeia (17,8%). O inglês é o idioma mais usado para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação nacional na área da saúde (97,8%). Conclusões: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas científicas para estudos bibliométricos é um processo moroso e difícil. O total de trabalhos em análise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas variáveis, os valores não coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria temática, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas instituições, quer pelos trabalhos de colaboração internacional. Também no presente estudo os artigos são o veículo privilegiado para a divulgação dos resultados científicos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utilização de outras plataformas científicas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recuperação da produção científica nacional na área da saúde. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.

Perspectives on the electrically induced properties of electrospun cellulose/liquid crystal devices

A mat of electrospun cellulose fibers are deposed on transparent conductive oxide covered glass, and two such plates enclose a nematic liquid crystal. Thus two new types of Cellulose based Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal devices, based on hydroxypropylcellulose and Cellulose Acetate and the nematic liquid crystal E7 have been obtained. The current-voltage characteristics indicates ionic type conduction. Heating-cooling cycles have been applied on the samples and the activation energies have been determined. Simultaneously with the thermo-stimulated currents, the optical transmission dependence on the d.c. electric field and temperature was registered. ON-OFF switching times have been determined for different control voltages. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A checkpointing-enabled and resource-aware Java Virtual Machine for efficient and robust e-Science applications in grid environments

Object-oriented programming languages presently are the dominant paradigm of application development (e. g., Java,. NET). Lately, increasingly more Java applications have long (or very long) execution times and manipulate large amounts of data/information, gaining relevance in fields related with e-Science (with Grid and Cloud computing). Significant examples include Chemistry, Computational Biology and Bio-informatics, with many available Java-based APIs (e. g., Neobio). Often, when the execution of such an application is terminated abruptly because of a failure (regardless of the cause being a hardware of software fault, lack of available resources, etc.), all of its work already performed is simply lost, and when the application is later re-initiated, it has to restart all its work from scratch, wasting resources and time, while also being prone to another failure and may delay its completion with no deadline guarantees. Our proposed solution to address these issues is through incorporating mechanisms for checkpointing and migration in a JVM. These make applications more robust and flexible by being able to move to other nodes, without any intervention from the programmer. This article provides a solution to Java applications with long execution times, by extending a JVM (Jikes research virtual machine) with such mechanisms. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reentrant Phase Diagram of Network Fluids

We introduce a microscopic model for particles with dissimilar patches which displays an unconventional "pinched'' phase diagram, similar to the one predicted by Tlusty and Safran in the context of dipolar fluids [Science 290, 1328 (2000)]. The model-based on two types of patch interactions, which account, respectively, for chaining and branching of the self-assembled networks-is studied both numerically via Monte Carlo simulations and theoretically via first-order perturbation theory. The dense phase is rich in junctions, while the less-dense phase is rich in chain ends. The model provides a reference system for a deep understanding of the competition between condensation and self-assembly into equilibrium-polymer chains.

Comment on R. Woodroffe et al. Perspective in Ecology "To Fence or Not to Fence" (4 April 2014, Science, 344: 46-48)

Fences must be used with care in biodiversity conservation to avoid unintended consequences.

Perspectives and progress of ecology and conservation science in the Azores: the possible contribution of Artificial Intelligence

EPIA 2013 - XVI Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal, 9 – 12 September.

Synthesis of meeting and recommendations from the Net-Biome round table discussion on "motivated" science on biodiversity management and use in support of overseas sutainable development

Net-Biome Final Meeting (Paris, 15 & 16 February, 2012).

Molecular imprinted nanoelectrodes for ultra sensitive detection of ovarian cancer marker

The relentless discovery of cancer biomarkers demands improved methods for their detection. In this work, we developed protein imprinted polymer on three-dimensional gold nanoelectrode ensemble (GNEE) to detect epithelial ovarian cancer antigen-125 (CA 125), a protein biomarker associated with ovarian cancer. CA 125 is the standard tumor marker used to follow women during or after treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer. The template protein CA 125 was initially incorporated into the thin-film coating and, upon extraction of protein from the accessible surfaces on the thin film, imprints for CA 125 were formed. The fabrication and analysis of the CA 125 imprinted GNEE was done by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The surfaces of the very thin, protein imprinted sites on GNEE are utilized for immunospecific capture of CA 125 molecules, and the mass of bound on the electrode surface can be detected as a reduction in the faradic current from the redox marker. Under optimal conditions, the developed sensor showed good increments at the studied concentration range of 0.5–400 U mL−1. The lowest detection limit was found to be 0.5 U mL−1. Spiked human blood serum and unknown real serum samples were analyzed. The presence of non-specific proteins in the serum did not significantly affect the sensitivity of our assay. Molecular imprinting using synthetic polymers and nanomaterials provides an alternative approach to the trace detection of biomarker proteins.

The Bergsonian intuition of duration : the time of science is space

According to Bergson, the philosophical tradition had been unanimous in declaring the question of time essential. However, it had neglected its correct framing which, for the author, lies in the metaphysical approach of an immediate and inner experience of concrete duration. In the current paper, we shall present Henri Bergson's concept of time, particularly the author's critique to the scope scientific discourse has of this concept. Simultaneously, we shall explore the central role of time in the Bergsonian thought, metaphorically understood as the very stuff of reality. We shall not, therefore, explore Bergson's ideas on Physics, but some of the metaphysical consequences that he withdraws from certain physics' concepts or theories.

An integrated recycling approach for GFRP pultrusion wastes: recycling and reuse assessment into new composite materials using Fuzzy Boolean Nets

In this study, efforts were made in order to put forward an integrated recycling approach for the thermoset based glass fibre reinforced polymer (GPRP) rejects derived from the pultrusion manufacturing industry. Both the recycling process and the development of a new cost-effective end-use application for the recyclates were considered. For this purpose, i) among the several available recycling techniques for thermoset based composite materials, the most suitable one for the envisaged application was selected (mechanical recycling); and ii) an experimental work was carried out in order to assess the added-value of the obtained recyclates as aggregates and reinforcement replacements into concrete-polymer composite materials. Potential recycling solution was assessed by mechanical behaviour of resultant GFRP waste modified concrete-polymer composites with regard to unmodified materials. In the mix design process of the new GFRP waste based composite material, the recyclate content and size grade, and the effect of the incorporation of an adhesion promoter were considered as material factors and systematically tested between reasonable ranges. The optimization process of the modified formulations was supported by the Fuzzy Boolean Nets methodology, which allowed finding the best balance between material parameters that maximizes both flexural and compressive strengths of final composite. Comparing to related end-use applications of GFRP wastes in cementitious based concrete materials, the proposed solution overcome some of the problems found, namely the possible incompatibilities arisen from alkalis-silica reaction and the decrease in the mechanical properties due to high water-cement ratio required to achieve the desirable workability. Obtained results were very promising towards a global cost-effective waste management solution for GFRP industrial wastes and end-of-life products that will lead to a more sustainable composite materials industry.