Efeito de ExoU na ativa����o de NF-κB e na secre����o de IL-8 por c��lulas humanas infectadas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ExoU, uma citotoxina produzida pelo pat��geno oportunista Pseudomonas aeruginosa e translocada para o citossol de c��lulas hospedeiras via sistema de secre����o do tipo III, �� associada �� gravidade de infec����es agudas. Estudos anteriores realizados em nosso laborat��rio relataram a potente atividade pr��-inflamat��ria de ExoU, respons��vel por um intenso recrutamento de neutr��filos para o s��tio de infec����o. No presente trabalho, o efeito de ExoU na modula����o da ativa����o do fator transcricional NF-κB e na regula����o da express��o e da secre����o da quimiocina para neutr��filos IL-8 foi avaliado em culturas de c��lulas epiteliais respirat��rias e endoteliais humanas infectadas com a cepa PA103 de P. aeruginosa (produtora de ExoU) ou com a mutante deletada no gene exoU, PA103κexoU. An��lises por RT-PCR semi-quantitativo mostraram que a infec����o pela cepa produtora de ExoU levou ao aumento dos n��veis de mRNA de IL-8, enquanto ensaios de altera����o da mobilidade eletrofor��tica (EMSA), supershift e com gene rep��rter mostraram que ExoU induziu a transloca����o nuclear do heterod��mero transativador p65/p50 de NF-κB e a ativa����o da transcri����o de genes dependente deste fator transcricional. Adicionalmente, o tratamento das culturas celulares com um inibidor de NF-κB antes da infec����o bacteriana reduziu significativamente os n��veis de mRNA de IL-8 e da secre����o desta quimiocina. Em conjunto, estes resultados mostram que ExoU ativa NF-κB e, consequentemente, estimula a express��o e a secre����o de IL-8 por c��lulas epiteliais respirat��rias e c��lulas endoteliais infectadas com P. aeruginosa

Validade e confiabilidade do Question��rio de Qualidade de Vida para Pacientes Orto-cir��rgicos (B-OQLQ)

O Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) foi desenvolvido em 2000 e validado em 2002, com o objetivo de analisar os impactos e benef��cios do tratamento orto-cir��rgico na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a validade de construto e confiabilidade da vers��o brasileira deste instrumento, B-OQLQ, para verificar se, no processo de adapta����o transcultural, as propriedades psicom��tricas do question��rio original foram mantidas. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo seccional com uma amostra composta por cento e um pacientes com necessidade de tratamento ortod��ntico-cir��rgico no Hospital Universit��rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE) e na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), utilizando o B-OQLQ na forma de autopreenchimento. A m��dia de idade dos pacientes foi de 26,51 (dp= 9,25), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (58,42%; n=59) e maior que 21 anos (n=68, 67,33%). Quanto ao tipo de cirurgia, 42,57% (n=43) da amostra necessitavam fazer procedimento cir��rgico que envolveria as duas bases ��sseas, 16,83% (n=17) necessitavam operar apenas uma das bases ��sseas e para 40,59% (n=41) dos pacientes ainda n��o era poss��vel definir qual o tipo de cirurgia seria necess��ria. Uma ortodontista treinada examinou os dentes dos pacientes para registrar o ��ndice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (CPOD). A validade de construto foi acessada atrav��s do teste de correla����o de Spearman entre as pontua����es do B-OQLQ e do question��rio Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e das pontua����es do B-OQLQ com as pontua����es obtidas atrav��s de indicadores subjetivos e objetivos de sa��de. A confiabilidade foi acessada em termos de consist��ncia interna e estabilidade (teste-reteste), utilizando-se o alfa de Cronbach e o Coeficiente de Correla����o Intraclasse (CCI), respectivamente. Os escores do B-OQLQ se correlacionaram significativamente com: o escore total do OHIP-14 (rs=0,70, p<0,001), a sa��de bucal percebida (rs=-0,24, p=0,02), a qualidade de vida medida por um item ��nico de avalia����o (rs=-0,29, p=0,03), a satisfa����o com a apar��ncia f��sica (rs=-0,40, p<0,001) e a satisfa����o com a apar��ncia facial (rs=-0,39, p=0,0001). Foi encontrada uma associa����o entre a faixa et��ria e o escore total do B-OQLQ (p=0,0012), sendo que pacientes maiores de 21 anos obtiveram escores mais elevados que pacientes mais novos. A associa����o entre o escore total do B-OQLQ e o tipo de cirurgia n��o foi estatisticamente significativa. O alfa de Cronbach e o CCI foram 0,95 e 0,90, respectivamente. Os dom��nios do B-OQLQ que mais causaram impacto na qualidade de vida foram aspectos sociais da deformidade (13,0; dp= 10,54) e est��tica facial (11,81; dp= 6,23). A vers��o brasileira do question��rio OQLQ se mostrou um instrumento v��lido e confi��vel, com boas propriedades psicom��tricas podendo, portanto, ser considerada um instrumento apropriado para acessar o impacto da deformidade dentofacial na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadores desta condi����o.

Symposium on World tuna fisheries: commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission

The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (lA TTC) came into existence in 1950, after its convention, signed by representatives ofCosta Rica and the United States in 1949, was ratified. It was the first international tuna organization, and only the third international fisheries organization, whose staff has had the responsibility for performing scientific research, the others being the International Pacific Halibut Commission, established in 1923, and the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, established in 1937. The current members of the IATTC are Costa Rica, Ecuador, EI Salvador, France, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, the United States, Vanuatu, and Venezuela. The first Director ofthe IATTC was Dr. Milner B. Schaefer, who was in that position from 1950 to 1963. He was followed by Dr. John L. Kask (1963-1969), Dr. James Joseph (1969-1999), and Dr. Robin L. Allen (1999-present). The success ofthe IATIC showed that it was possible to carry out research and management on an international, high-seas fishery successfully. Since then other international organizations for tuna management, including the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (1969), the Forum Fisheries Agency (1979), the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (1994), and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (1996), were established. Appropriately, the 50th anniversary celebration was held in Costa Rica, one of the two charter members of the IATTC. Persons who have held important positions in international fishery management in various parts ofthe world spoke at the celebration. Their presentations, except for that describing the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, are reproduced in this volume.

GPSen bidez bigarren B mailako futbol talde baten banan-banako entrenamendu-kargaren azterketa

Futbola talde baten entrenamendu kargen banan-banako azterketa bat egiten da. Entrenamendu kargen inguruko aldagai fisiko ezberdinen azterketa burutuz, entrenamendu saioetan zer egiten den ezagutu eta partiduen inguruan egindako ikerketa ezberdinekin alderatuz.

Photoluminescence of undoped and B-doped ZnO in silicate glasses

Photoluminescence of undoped and B-doped ZnO in silicate glasses was investigated by varying the concentration of ZnO (3550 mol%) and B dopant (0-10 mol%) in the glass matrices. The broad and intense near band edge emissions were observed while the visible light emission was very weak. UV luminescence in all samples was red-shifted relative to the exciton transition in bulk ZnO and enhanced by decreased ZnO concentration due to higher degree of structural integrity and the lower aggregation degree of ZnO. Donor B dopant played the double roles of filling conduction bands to broaden band gap when its concentration was lower than 5 mol%, and emerging with conduction bands to narrow the gap when B dopant exceeded this value. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gorputz Hezkuntza, Kultura desberdinak integratzeko baliabidea. Ekialdea B. H. Ikastetxrerako proposamena

Gorputz hezkuntzaren eta Jarduera fisikoaren baliabideak erabiliz, kultura amankomun bat sortzea etorkin guztiekin. Horretarako anistazuna ez da izango oztopo bat, tresna emankorra baizik.

Modelagem computacional aplicada na estima����o de par��metros cin��ticos em processos qu��micos e cromatogr��ficos

A estima����o de par��metros cin��ticos em processos qu��micos e cromatogr��ficos utilizando t��cnicas num��ricas assistidas por computadores tem conduzido para melhoria da efici��ncia e o favorecimento da compreens��o das fenomenologias envolvidas nos mesmos. Na primeira parte deste trabalho ser�� realizada a modelagem computacional do processo de produ����o de biodiesel via esterifica����o, sendo que, o m��todo de otimiza����o estoc��stica Random Restricted Window (R2W) ser�� correlacionado com os dados experimentais da produ����o de biodiesel a partir da esterifica����o do ��cido l��urico com etanol anidro na presen��a do catalisador ��cido ni��bico (Nb2O5). Na segunda parte do mesmo ser�� realizada a modelagem computacional do processo de cromatografia de adsor����o (batch process) onde ser��o correlacionados os dados provenientes dos modelos cin��ticos de HASHIM, CHASE e IKM2 com os dados experimentais da adsor����o de amoxicilina com quitosana, e tamb��m ser��o correlacionados os dados experimentais da adsor����o de Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) com Streamline DEAE com os dados provenientes de uma nova aplica����o do m��todo R2W mediante a implementa����o de um modelo cin��tico revers��vel. Ademais, as constantes cin��ticas para cada processo supracitado ser��o estimadas levando em considera����o o valor m��nimo da fun����o res��duos quadrados.

���������������������������������������������������������������������������������B

���������������������������������������������FOB-3������������������������������������������.���������������������������������,���������������������������������������,���FOB-3���������������������������������������������F1������������������������������B.���������������������,���������������cutoff������,������Ssignal���NNnoise���������������������������������������������.������������������������������������FOB-3,���20 min���������������������50���1000 ng/mL���������F1���������0.1���100��g/mL������������������������B���3��10^1���3��10^6 CFU/mL���������������������������

GeO2 : Bi, M (M = Ga, B) glasses with super-wide infrared luminescence

Broadband infrared luminescence covering the optical telecommunication wavelength region of 0, E and S bands was observed in GeO2: Bi, M (M = Ga, B) glasses prepared by conventional melting-quenching technique. The luminescence with a maximum at around 1320 nm possesses a full width at half maximum larger than 300 nm and mean fluorescent lifetime longer than 500 mus when excited by an 808 nm-laser. These glasses may have potential applications in widely tunable laser and super-broadband optical amplifier for the optical communications. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Papel de metaloproteases de Estreptococos do grupo B na intera����o,viabilidade celular e indu����o de apoptose e necrose em c��lulas endoteliais e epiteliais humanas

Estreptococos do grupo B (EGB) �� a principal causa de sepse e meningite neonatal e tem sido recentemente reconhecido como pat��geno respons��vel por infec����es invasivas em adultos imunocomprometidos (idosos ou portadores de doen��as cr��nicas). Os EGB produzem in��meras enzimas extracelulares, v��rias das quais interagem com o sistema imune do hospedeiro e s��o importantes durante a intera����o EGB-hospedeiro, bem como para o desenvolvimento da doen��a. Estudos anteriores mostraram que metaloproteases est��o envolvidas em v��rias vias metab��licas em diferentes tipos celulares. Por esta raz��o, n��s decidimos investigar o poss��vel envolvimento de metaloproteases de EGB durante a intera����o celular e apoptose/necrose induzida pelo micro-organismo em c��lulas endoteliais da veia umbilical humana (HUVEC) e da linhagem de epit��lio respirat��rio (A549). Tratamento de EGB com inibidores de metaloproteases (EDTA, EGTA e FEN) n��o induziu altera����es no crescimento bacteriano, mas promoveu altera����es na express��o de prote��nas de superf��cie, capacidade adesiva e perfil de sobreviv��ncia intracelular do pat��geno. O EGB e o sobrenadante do crescimento bacteriano (meio condicionado; MC) promoveram a morte das c��lulas HUVEC e A549. Contudo, o tratamento com inibidores de metaloproteases restauraram a viabilidade celular induzida pelos EGB e o MC, sugerindo que metaloproteases bacteriana est��o envolvidas no rompimento da barreira celular, promovendo a dissemina����o bacteriana. Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez apoptose e necrose induzidas pelo EGB e MC em HUVEC e c��lulas A549 ap��s 24h de incuba����o, respectivamente. N��s tamb��m observamos redu����o da pr��-caspase-3 ap��s infec����o das HUVEC com EGB e MC, sugerindo ativa����o da caspase-3. Al��m disso, o aumento da express��o da prote��na pr��-apopt��tica Bax e diminui����o dos n��veis da prote��na anti-apopt��tica Bcl-2 em HUVEC, demonstram o envolvimento do mecanismo apopt��tico mitocondrial (via intr��nseca). A melhor compreens��o das bases moleculares da patog��nese do EGB contribui para identificar novas mol��culas bacterianas e hospedeiras que podem representar novos alvos terap��uticos ou imunoprofil��ticos contra a doen��a causada por esse pat��geno neonatal.

The water requirements of salmon in the River Lune

This report looks at the upstream movement in the River Lune of 9704 salmon which were monitored in the years 1960-1966. It explores the Broadraine Weir near Kirby Lonsdale with its fish monitoring station, the visual counting and trapping salmon, electronic monitoring of fish, and analysis of river flows.

River Lune salmon action plan March 1997. Draft Copy.

The River Lune was at one time one of the best salmon fisheries in England and Wales with very high catches to both rods and netsmen. During the 1960's, the stock was decimated by the disease Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis which caused a dramatic reduction in catches. Catches have not recovered to pre-disease levels. The target egg deposition rate for the River Lune system which should produce the maximum number of surplus fish returning to the system has been determined at 13.8 million eggs. This will require 4,779 adult salmon to survive to successfully spawn. Under current rates of exploitation, the target egg deposition will occur at a declared rod catch of 1,974 salmon and a net catch of 2,627 salmon. Two automatic fish counters are in operation on the river system. Data from these suggest that, within the measures of compliance, the river has met it's target egg deposition for the last 3 years.

Salmon action plan consultation. River Lune - draft

In February 1996 "A Strategy for the Management of Salmon in England and Wales" was launched by the then National Rivers Authority. The strategy concentrates on four main objectives for the management of salmon fisheries in England and Wales. These are primarily aimed at securing the well being of the stock but in doing so will strive to improve catches and any associated economic returns to the fisheries: (i) Optimise the number of salmon returning to homewater fisheries. (ii) Maintain and improve the fitness and diversity of salmon stocks. , (iii) Optimise the total economic value of surplus stocks. (iv) Ensure necessary costs are met by beneficiaries. These four objectives will be addressed through local Salmon Action Plans (SAPs) which will be produced for each of the principle salmon rivers in England and Wales by the year 2001. Each plan will review the status of the stock and the fisheries on a particular river, seek to identify the main factors limiting performance, draw up and cost a list of options to address these, and, consult 0with local interest groups. This report is the draft version of the Salmon Action Plan for the River Lune.

Salmon action plan. River Lune - February 1998

In February 1996 A Strategy for the Management of Salmon in England and Wales was launched by the National Rivers Authority. The strategy concentrates on four main objectives for the management of salmon fisheries in England and Wales: (i) Optimise the number of salmon returning to home water fisheries, (ii) Maintain and improve the fitness and diversity of salmon stocks, (iii) Optimise the total economic value of surplus stocks, (iv) Ensure necessary costs are met by beneficiaries. These four objectives will be addressed through local Salmon Action Plans (SAPs) which will be produced for each of the principle salmon rivers in England and Wales by the year 2001. This Salmon Action Plan for the River Lune reviews the status of the stock and the fisheries, seeks to identify the main factors limiting performance, to draw up and cost a list of options to address these, and to consult with local interest groups.

A report on the population structure of adult salmon and sea trout in the River Lune using scale samples - with reference to historical data.

During 1993, a comprehensive data set of scale readings, length and weight measurements was established for migratory salmonids on the River Lune. This information was collected using three methods of fish capture: 1. The Lune estuary commercial nets. 2. River Lune Forge weir fish trap. 3. River Lune rod catch scale returns. Additional information was contributed by the Kent, Leven and Duddon rod and commercial fisheries. The data shows that the salmon stock in 1993 was dominated by two year old smolts. This varies from year to year. The sea trout population displays a normal population curve in terms of numbers of fish in each age and weight class. The growth rate of salmon and sea trout is very similar even though salmon have the benefit of high sea feeding.