Métodos inovadores para a bio-secagem do CDR produzido na linha de processo da unidade de Tratamento Mecânico e Biológico (TMB) – Caso de estudo na VALNOR SA

A presente dissertação foca-se em métodos inovadores para a bio-secagem do Combustível Derivado de Resíduos (CDR) produzido na linha de Tratamento Mecânico de Biológico (TMB), na VALNOR SA. O CDR representa 25 a 35% dos resíduos indiferenciados tratados numa unidade de TMB e que resulta do refugo e rejeitados retirados na linha de triagem mecânica e no processo de afinação do composto orgânico. O CDR pode ser utilizado como combustível alternativo ao combustível fóssil em centrais de co-geração e/ou cimenteiras. No caso da indústria cimenteira, a secagem do CDR é fundamental (a humidade média é de 40 a 50% e, terá de se reduzir para 20% ou inferior) de modo a aumentar o seu Poder Calorífico Inferior (PCI), para maior eficiência energética no processo produtivo nos fornos do clínquer e dar cumprimento à redução de utilização dos combustíveis fósseis que a União Europeia pretende. Com este trabalho, contribuiu-se com mais um passo no sentido de se viabilizarem as melhores opções técnico-ambientais e económicas para se cumprirem os objetivos prioritários no domínio da valorização dos resíduos passando a ser um recurso ou produto. Com efeito a substituição do combustível fóssil por um combustível alternativo do tipo do CDR não só se traduz em benefícios ambientais, nomeadamente a redução de deposição em aterro, a redução das emissões de Gases com Efeito de Estufa (GEE) e o cumprimento dos objetivos e metas do Plano Estratégico para os Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (PERSU) 2020, como também enquadra evidentes vantagens económicas enquanto recurso alternativo e minimiza o valor do instrumento financeiro da Taxa de Gestão de Resíduos (TGR) que se prevê aumentar significativamente até 2020 no que respeita à deposição de resíduos/refugos/rejeitados em aterro.

Human activity recognition with accelerometry: novel time and frequency features

Human Activity Recognition systems require objective and reliable methods that can be used in the daily routine and must offer consistent results according with the performed activities. These systems are under development and offer objective and personalized support for several applications such as the healthcare area. This thesis aims to create a framework for human activities recognition based on accelerometry signals. Some new features and techniques inspired in the audio recognition methodology are introduced in this work, namely Log Scale Power Bandwidth and the Markov Models application. The Forward Feature Selection was adopted as the feature selection algorithm in order to improve the clustering performances and limit the computational demands. This method selects the most suitable set of features for activities recognition in accelerometry from a 423th dimensional feature vector. Several Machine Learning algorithms were applied to the used accelerometry databases – FCHA and PAMAP databases - and these showed promising results in activities recognition. The developed algorithm set constitutes a mighty contribution for the development of reliable evaluation methods of movement disorders for diagnosis and treatment applications.

High ffficiency transmission techniques for broadband wireless systems

Future broadband wireless systems are expected to cope with severely time dispersive channels, due to multi-path signal propagation between the transmitter and the receiver while having high power and spectral efficiency. Thus, advanced Frequency Domain Equalization techniques are required. The implementation complexity in mobile terminals should be as low as possible to achieve highest possible efficiency. Therefore, most of the signal processing requirements will be shifted to the base station and we will employ signals compatible with an efficient, grossly nonlinear power amplification. For this reason, we will consider offset modulation signals with quasi-constant envelope and develop receivers that will obtain good BER performance. However, these signals require a bandwidth significantly above the Nyquist rate, which can be reduced by an overlap of different frequency channels.

Development of bio-batteries based on electrospun membranes

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MCTES) under the grant SFRH/BD/69306/2010

Frequency of pneumonitis among malnourished autopsied adults

The objective of this study was to investigate whether malnourished autopsied adults would present higher frequency of pneumonitis than non-malnourished ones would. All of the autopsied adults (n = 175; age > 18 years) with complete records, including weight and height data, were included. Pneumonitis was observed more frequently in malnourished individuals (59.1%) than in non-malnourished individuals (41.3%). This study showed that the percentage of pneumonitis among autopsied adults was high, in addition to an increased risk of pneumonitis among these individuals.

Projecto de um bio-reactor para cultura celular em membranas tubulares

O Grupo de Engenharia de Tecidos da FCT/UNL desenvolve e produz membranas poliméricas tubulares biodegradáveis que servem de substrato a culturas celulares e que se destinam a substituir temporariamente vasos sanguíneos danificados. O objectivo desta dissertação foi o desenvolvimento de um bio-reactor com a capacidade de bombeamento controlado de um fluido adequado à manutenção de uma cultura celular, que simula a passagem do fluxo sanguíneo pelo interior das membranas tubulares, permitindo que as células nelas semeadas recebam os estímulos adequados ao seu desenvolvimento. Foi construído um bio-reactor de perfusão pulsátil para cultura celular em membranas tubulares que é instalável numa incubadora, beneficiando assim de condições ambientais — pH, temperatura e humidade — semelhantes às fisiológicas. O bio-reactor é capaz de gerar estímulos mecânicos pulsáteis favoráveis ao alinhamento de células endoteliais e de músculo liso. O sistema foi desenvolvido de modo a que a pressão e o caudal aplicados às membranas pudessem ser monitorizados e controlados. Foram semeadas células endoteliais em matrizes planas de policaprolactona, tendo-se confirmado a sua adesão e proliferação por microscopia de fluorescência. Após enrolamento, obtiveram-se duas membranas tubulares com células endoteliais semeadas no lúmen. Uma delas foi submetida a cultura estática, e outra a cultura dinâmica no bio-reactor. Após 10 dias de condicionamento in vitro, as membranas foram novamente observadas por microscopia de fluorescência. Os resultados obtidos não foram conclusivos, pelo que serão necessários novos estudos para concluir se o bio-reactor construído é capaz de garantir o condicionamento mecânico das células semeadas nas matrizes.

Estudo do motor em disco com o rotor em alumínio e em supercondutor multi-semente

Nesta dissertação é realizado o estudo de um motor em disco polifásico com armadura convencional e rotor que pode ser convencional, em alumínio, ou composto por material supercondutor de alta temperatura multi‐semente. O motor com o rotor em alumínio apresenta um comportamento assíncrono bem definido, baseado na lei geral de indução de eletromotrizes no induzido. Contudo, ao ser mergulhado em azoto líquido, evidencia melhores características eléctricas, tanto do induzido como do indutor, mesmo que o núcleo ferromagnético convencional possa exibir degradação magnética. O motor com o rotor SAT exibe um comportamento distinto, evidenciando ambos os regimes síncrono e assíncrono estáveis. O regime síncrono fica caracterizado pelo fenómeno de aprisionamento de campo, que garante que o rotor gire síncrono com o campo girante do estator. Em regime assíncrono, para um determinado valor de binário resistente aplicado superior ao electromagnético máximo desenvolvido pelo motor, o fenómeno de escoamento de campo está presente, sendo o binário electromagnético motor reforçado por um binário extra de perdas de carácter resistivo desenvolvidas no rotor devido à interacção da densidade de corrente a campos eléctricos que se estabelecem no rotor. Neste caso, o fenómeno de escoamento de campo não é devido a forças de Lorentz que se definem na matriz de Abrikosov, mas sim devido a esta ser “puxada” pelo campo girante do estator, ficando a matriz a deslizar sobre o rotor. De modo a obter as características dos sistemas electromecânicos em estudo é realizada uma análise teórica, baseada na teoria convencional das máquinas eléctricas, com o objectivo de compreender alguns dos fenómenos do motor de fluxo axial, e uma análise baseada num programa comercial de elementos finitos onde o fenómeno da supercondutividade é simulado com base na relação entre o campo elétrico e a densidade de corrente pela lei da potenciação (E‐J power law). O ensaio dos motores referidos é realizado para comparar ambos os sistemas e de realçar o princípio de funcionamento e as características mais relevantes de cada um. Da análise realizada é desenvolvido um modelo que caracteriza o funcionamento da máquina com o rotor com SAT.

Integration of a mobile autonomous robot in a surveillance multi-agent system

This dissertation aims to guarantee the integration of a mobile autonomous robot equipped with many sensors in a multi-agent distributed and georeferenced surveillance system. The integration of a mobile autonomous robot in this system leads to new features that will be available to clients of surveillance system may use. These features may be of two types: using the robot as an agent that will act in the environment or by using the robot as a mobile set of sensors. As an agent in the system, the robot can move to certain locations when alerts are received, in order to acknowledge the underlying events or take to action in order to assist in resolving this event. As a sensor platform in the system, it is possible to access information that is read from the sensors of the robot and access complementary measurements to the ones taken by other sensors in the multi-agent system. To integrate this mobile robot in an effective way it is necessary to extend the current multi-agent system architecture to make the connection between the two systems and to integrate the functionalities provided by the robot into the multi-agent system.

Frequency of metabolic syndrome and the food intake patterns in adults living in a rural area of Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, is related to an inadequate food intake pattern. Its incidence is increasing among Brazilian adults, including those living in rural areas. Our aim was not only to describe the frequency of MetS in adults with or without MetS but also to compare their food intake pattern as assessed by the healthy eating index (HEI) and serum albumin and C reactive protein (CRP) levels. METHODS: Men and women (n = 246) living in a small village in Brazil were included. MetS was characterized according to the adult treatment panel (ATP III) criteria. Groups were compared by chi-square, student t or Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: MetS was diagnosed in 15.4% of the cases. The MetS group showed higher CRP (1.8±1.2 vs. 1.0±0.9 mg/dl) and lower albumin (4.3±0.3 vs. 4.4±0.3 g/dl) serum levels compared to the control group. Additionally, the MetS group showed lower scores (median[range]) in the HEI compared to the control group (53.5[31.2-78.1] vs 58[29.7-89.5], respectively). The MetS group also had decreased scores for total fat and daily variety of food intake. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adults with MetS displayed chronic mild inflammation and a poorer food intake pattern than the control group.

Use of multi-sensory marketing techniques and its influence on brand experience in retail and HORECA sector

Double degree. A Work Project presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA- School of Business and Economics and Warsaw School of Economics

Rebalancing frequency and the welfare cost of inflation

Cash-in-advance models usually require agents to reallocate money and bonds in fixed periods. Every month or quarter, for example. I show that fixed periods underestimate the welfare cost of inflation. I use a model in which agents choose how often they exchange bonds for money. In the benchmark specification, the welfare cost of 10 percent instead of 0 inflation increases from 0.1 percent of income with fixed periods to 1 percent with optimal periods. The results are robust to different references, to different compositions of income in bonds or money, and to the introduction of capital and labor.

Multi-Enzymatic Systems for Cleaning-up Synthetic Dyes from the Environment

Environmental pollution is one of the major and most important problems of the modern world. In order to fulfill the needs and demands of the overgrowing human population, developments in agriculture, medicine, energy sources, and all chemical industries are necessary (Ali 2010). Over the last century, the increased industrialization and continued population growth led to an augmented production of environmental pollutants that are released into air, water, and soil, with significant impact in the degradation of various ecosystems (Ali 2010, Khan et al. 2013).(...)

Sandfly frequency in a clean and well-organized rural environment in the state of Paraná, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Sandflies caught in Santa Juliana Farm in Sarandi, State of Paraná, Brazil, were assessed in terms of their fauna, seasonality, and frequency in the homes and in shelters of domestic animals around the homes, as well as in the nearby forest. METHODS: In Santa Juliana Farm, there are no records of cases of ACL, differing from other relatively clean and organized areas where surveys of sandflies have been conducted in Paraná. Samples were collected with Falcão light traps, fortnightly from 22:00 to 02:00 hours, from November 2007 to November 2008. RESULTS: A total of 4,506 sandflies were captured, representing 13 species, predominantly Nyssomyia whitmani (71.8%). More sandflies were collected in the forest (52.6%) than outside the forest (residences and pigsty) (47.4%). However, Ny. whitmani was collected in greater numbers outside (38.3%) than inside the forest (33.5%). Most sandflies were collected in the warmer months and during periods with regular rainfall. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cleaning and organization around the houses could reduce sandfly population in peridomicile. Constructing shelters for animal at a distance of approximately 100m from domiciles is recommended to prevent the invasion of sandflies, as this farm has an area of preserved forest, with wild animals and sandflies present to maintain the enzootic cycle of Leishmania.

The effect of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Governador Valadares is an endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). The detection rate was 15.36 per 100,000 habitants from 2001 to 2006 (Miranda, 2008). This study aimed to analyze the effects of age on the frequency of adverse reactions caused by antimony in the treatment of ATL in the City of Governador Valadares, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 2009. METHODS: Data were collected from the forms of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, and from charts, questionnaires, and home visits to patients. RESULTS: The study included 40 patients, 26 (65%) of whom were males. Individuals over the age of 50 had a 66% higher rate of adverse effects than subjects who were 50 years old or less (CI 95%, 1.14-2.41). The average age of individuals who reported some type of adverse effect was 44.11 years (SD = 20.14), while the average age of the group that did not report any adverse effect was of 25.46 years (SD = 18.37; p < 0.01). Clinical healing was 67.5%, and 10% of patients discontinued the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of ATL, the age of patients should be considered, because most adverse reactions occur in individuals over 50 years of age. For this reason, the drug should be used with restriction in these cases.

Severity of atopic dermatitis and Ascaris lumbricoides infection: an evaluation of CCR4+ and CXCR3+ helper T cell frequency

INTRODUCTION: Ascaris lumbricoides-infected patients present lower prevalence of severe atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Peripheral blood of infected children with atopic dermatitis was assessed by flow cytometry of the frequency of Th1 and Th2 cells through the expression of CXCR3 and CCR4 chemokine receptors, respectively. RESULTS: Helminth-free patients with atopic dermatitis presented a high frequency of CCR4+Th2 cells. Parasitized patients with atopic dermatitis showed a lower frequency of CXCR3+Th1 cells compared to infected individuals only. CONCLUSIONS: Ascariasis modifies the blood traffic of Th2 cells in atopic dermatitis patients, while the allergic disease down-regulates the traffic of Th1 cells in parasitized patients.